中考英語語法精講例析  冠詞

中考英語語法精講例析  冠詞
 (一) 知識概要
冠詞在英語中只有3個詞，分為兩類：不定冠詞a與an，定冠詞the。 a用在以輔音開始的單數名詞前，an用于以元音開始的單詞前。不定冠詞用來表示一類事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個或某些事物，可用于不可數名詞、可數名詞單數及可數名詞復數前。
(二) 正誤辨析
［誤］this building is an university.
［正］this building is a university.
［析］a用于以輔音音素開始的單詞前，而an用于以元音音素開始的單詞前，而不是元音字母開頭的單詞前。university的第一個音素是［j］，所以用a而不要用an。又如：there is a “n” in the word.是錯句，應為：there is an “n”in the word.因字母n的發音的第一個音素是元音。要注意的還有hour因其第一個字母h不發音，所以應該用an hour。例如：
i need an hour to finish the work.
it is a useful dictionary.
it is a european country.
i bought a used car.
［誤］i need a umbrella because it looks like raining.
［正］i need an umbrella because it looks like raining.
［析］因umbrella的第一個音素是元音，所以應用an.常用的情況有：an old man, an english teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy…。
［誤］“can you help me”  “sorry, i'm in hurry.”
［正］“can you help me”  “sorry. i'm in a hurry.”
［析］不定冠詞的主要用法如下：��
1. 用來表示一類人或事物，如：she is a teacher.
2. 指某一類人或事物中的一個，如：an elephant is bigger than a horse.
3. 泛指某一人或事物，如：a man is waiting for you at the school gate.
4. 相當于“one”的概念，如：i just bought a new dictionary.
5. 其主要的難點是用在固定詞組中：
如：have a walk/a rest /a look
又如：in a hurry 匆匆忙忙
make a face 作鬼臉
do somebody a  favour 幫某人忙
a number of =many
又如：have a good time (玩得好)
have a cold (感冒)
have a headache (頭痛)
have a break=have a rest
［誤］i bought the dictionary yesterday. a dictionary is very good.
［正］i bought a dictionary yesterday. the dictionary is very good.
［析］在文章中第一次提到某物時用不定冠詞，而第二次提到時用定冠詞。��
［誤］please turn off lights before you leave.
［正］please turn off the lights before you leave.
［析］雖然是第一次提到某物但說話雙方均知其所指，也應用定冠詞。��
［誤］there are nine planets around a sun.
［正］there are nine planets around the sun.
［析］世上獨一無二的天體等名詞前應加定冠詞，如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.
［誤］i live on a second floor of this building.
［正］i live on the second floor of this building.
［析］在序數詞，形容詞最高級前要用定冠詞。如：he is the oldest in the family.
［誤］i want to learn the second language this term.
［正］i want to learn a second language this term.