初中英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)提綱3
⑸ about與on的用法區(qū)別：都可以表示“有關(guān)…”,但是about的意義比較廣,而on主要表示“有關(guān)…(專題/課程)”。如：tom is going to give a talk on the history of america.(湯姆要作一個美國歷史的報告)/ they are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他們興致勃勃地談?wù)撝磳淼降囊巴饴糜?⑹ through與across、over的用法區(qū)別： through指“穿過…(門洞/人群/樹林)”； across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互換,但是表示“翻過…”時只能用over. 如：just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那時一只老鼠跑過路面)/ there is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座橋)/ they climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他們翻過大山提前到達(dá)了那里)/ the visitors went through a big gate into another park.(參觀者們穿過一個大門來到另一個公園) (7)as與like的區(qū)別：兩個詞都表示“像……”,但是as譯為“作為……”,表示的是職業(yè)、職務(wù)、作用等事實(shí),而like譯為“像……一樣”,表示外表,不是事實(shí)。如：let me speak to you as a father.(我以父親的身份和你講話。)(說話者是聽者的父親) / let me speak to you like a father.(讓我像一位父親一樣和你講話)(說話者不是聽者的父親)(8)at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法區(qū)別：at the end of…既可以表示時間也可以表示地點(diǎn),譯為“在…末；在…盡頭”,常與過去時連用；by the end of…只能表示時間,譯為“在…前；到…為止”,常用于過去完成時； in the end與at last基本等義,表示“終于、最后”,通常用于過去時；to the end譯為“到…的終點(diǎn)為止”,前面往往有表示運(yùn)動或連續(xù)性的動詞。如：by the end of last term we had learned 16 units of book iii.(到上學(xué)期期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了第三冊16個單元)/ at the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.(在路的盡頭你能找到一幢有棕色窗戶的白房子)/ they left for beijing at the end of last week.(上周末他們動身去了北京)/ in the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他最終在期末考試中考及格了)/ we should go on with the work to the end.(我們應(yīng)該把工作干到底)/ follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿這條路走到底就能看見一家郵電局)(9)for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的區(qū)別：for a moment“一會兒、片刻”(=for a while),常與持續(xù)性動詞連用；for the moment“暫時、目前”,常用于現(xiàn)在時；in a moment“一會兒、立即、馬上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用于將來時；at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。如：please wait for a moment.(請稍等)/ let’s leave things as they are for the moment.(暫時就維持現(xiàn)狀吧！) / i’ll come back in a moment.(我過會兒回來)/ i am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)(10)but的問題：用介詞but引出另一個動詞時,要注意：如果前面有do,后面就用原形動詞,前面沒有do時,后面的動詞要加to。如：i could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等) / they had no choice(選擇) but to fight.(他們沒有選擇只有戰(zhàn)斗)