短文改錯的重要突破口————查行文的一致性
3.And I can’t forget the food you cooked for I.(NMET’95)人稱代詞在作介詞的賓語時用賓格,I應改 為me。
4.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(NMET’96)句子的主語the Smiths表示的是復數概 念"史密斯一家人",故其指代詞應該用第三人稱復數their而不是his。
5.I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.(NMET’97)關系副詞where在引導定語從句 時不可作主語,應將其改為關系代詞which。
6.The sport teaches us the importance of obedience. Eachplayer mustobey the captain, who is the leader of the team.And they must not break
the rules too often if we want to winthe gam e.(NMET’98)縱觀全篇短文,都是用的第一人稱。這里突然冒出一個第三人稱they,顯然不一致,應改為we。
四、查平行結構是否平行一致
由and,or,but,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only …but also…,as well as等并列連詞和詞 組連接的結構可稱為平行結構。平行結構在詞性、時態、非謂語動詞的形式上往往要求前后一致。答題時要留 心平行結構前后是否對等平行,這也是常設的錯誤。例如:
1.Modern people know…,have better food,and to live incleanersurroundings.(NMET’93)應將 to live前的to刪掉,因為and連接的是know,have,live三個并列平行的謂語動詞,其時態和形式必須一致。
2.He said it was best to stay until help arrived ratherthan go into the forest and get ting lost.(NMET’91) go …andgetting顯然不平行,應將getting改為get。
3.It was very kind of them to meet me at the railwaystation and droveme to their home .(NMET’96) 句中的drove顯然與and前面的to meet不平行,應改為drive。
五、查名詞的單復數與修飾詞語或上下文是否一致 名詞數的錯誤也是高考常設的改錯題。要查一下名詞是否可數,與其修飾語是否一致。例如:
1.…They have been to Europe many time. (NMET’92)time(次)顯然與修飾語many不一致,應改為tim es。
2.(They) … asked me lots of question.(NMET’96)question 是可數名詞,其修飾詞是lots of,當然應 該用復數questions。
3.We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese …(NMET’97) quite a few 只能修飾復數名 詞,故subject 應改為subjects。
4.(We)… often watch football match on TV together.(NMET’98)根據上下文和該句中的often 來判 斷, 句中的match 應該是matches。
六、查行文邏輯是否一致
查這方面的錯誤應從文章整體內容出發,通篇考慮,以行為單位是難以發現這種錯誤的。邏輯不一致主要 是由肯定與否定、關聯詞語以及動詞(如come與go,take與bring)的誤用所造成的, 應多從這方面去查找。 例如:
1.Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go toa hospitalsince they are ill.(NM ET’93)根據行文邏輯, 這里不應該由since來引導原因狀語從句,而應該是when/whenever或if來引導時間或 條件狀語從句。
2.We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. (NMET’91)根據行文邏輯,表示并列關系 的and 應改為表示轉折關系的but。