八年級英語上冊Units1-3 知識歸納
-it’s five kilometres away.
how often多久一次,用于提問頻率。
-how often do you exercise?
-i exercise three times a week.
how many/much多少,修飾可數/不可數名詞,用于提問數量。
-how many books do you have?
-seven.
-how much tea do you need?
-a cup.
二、語法:
(一)、情態動詞用法小結
情態動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態的態度,如需要、可能、意愿或懷疑,有一定的詞義,但不完整,其后一定要跟不帶to的動詞不定式(即動詞原形)(ought to除外)。另外情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化。常見的情態動詞有:can, could, may, might, must, need, shall, will, should, would及半情態動詞had better, have to。其用法如下:
1. can與could
can與could意為“能;會”,表示請求,could是can的過去式,在表示請求時沒有時間上的差別,只是語氣比can委婉。表示允許或征求對方意見時,可代替may。如:
① —can you swim?
—yes, i can.
② —can i ask you a question?
—yes, of course you can.
2. may與might
二者表示請求許可時,意為“可以”;還可以表示可能性、推測。might是may的過去式形式。如:you may go now.
3. must與have to
must表示說話人的主觀看法;have to表示客觀需要。如:
① you are weak in english, so you must work hard at it. (表示主觀)
② it's too late. i have to go home. (表示客觀)
注: must表示推測時,意為“一定”,只用于肯定句。如:
he must be in hospital, because he is ill badly.
must意為“必須”時,其否定式是needn't。如:
—must i go home?
—no, you needn't.
4. need
need意為“需要”,既可作情態動詞,也可作實義動詞,need作情態動詞時主要用于疑問句或否定句,其否定式為needn't;作實義動詞時有人稱、時態和數的變化,肯定形式為need to do,否定形式為don't need to do。如:
need you wear warm clothes? (情態動詞)
you needn't worry about me. (情態動詞)
do you need to have a good rest? (實義動詞)
he need to see a doctor because he doesn't feel well. (實義動詞)
5. shall與 should
should是shall的過去式,用于第一人稱中,表示詢問或征求意見,用于肯定句時可譯為“應該”。如:
shall we go swimming?
what should i do?
6. will與would
will用于將來時態,表示詢問對方是否愿意,或者表示客氣的邀請。would是will的過去式,往往表示意愿或請求。如:
he would like to have a rest.
7. had better
had better意為“最好”,沒有人稱和數的變化,后接動詞原形, 其否定式為:had better not。如:
you'd better hand in your homework on time.
he'd better not be late for school.
(二)聚焦一般疑問句和特殊疑問句
[聚焦一] 一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的定義
一般疑問句是對某一情況“是、否”提出質疑,常用yes或no回答,朗讀時常用升調。