直接引語和間接引語學案

　　1.直接引語　直接引用別人的原話叫做直接引語，直接引語通常置于引號內（“引用原話”）。 
 —“what is it all about?”
—“究竟是什么事呢？”
—“nothing serious, just a storm in a teacup.”
—“沒有什么，大驚小怪而已。”
 
2.間接引語　用自己的話轉述別人的意思，或引用自己說過的話，
都叫做間接引語。間接引語多數用賓語從句來表達。 
 mary said that she received a sugar report this morning.
瑪莉說她今天早上收到了一封情書。 
 he said that his hands were quite full at that moment.
他說那時他忙得不可開交。
 
3.直接引語和間接引語的轉換
1) 轉述陳述句或感嘆句去標點符號和引號，用say that接賓語從句，said后，從句中要作人稱、時態等相應的變化。 
 she said, “i am going to the market.”
she said (that) she was going to the market.
 
 “what an interesting novel!”she said.
she said that it was such an interesting novel.
 
2) 轉述一般或反意疑問句去標點符號和引號。用if/whether接賓語從句，改用陳述句語序。從句中要作人稱、時態等相應的變化。 
 he asked,“you are a native, aren't you?”
he asked (me) it/whether i was a native.
 
3) 轉述選擇疑問句，去標點符號和引號，接whether...or引導的賓語從句，改用陳述句語序，從句中要作人稱、時態等相應的變化。 
 he said,“is this car mr. green's or mr. brown's?”
he asked (me) whether that car was mr. green's or mr. brown's.
 
4) 轉述特殊疑問句，去標點符號和引號，由原疑問詞引導賓語從句，改用陳述句語序，從句中要作人稱、時態等相應的變化。 
 she said,“where are you going?”
she asked (me) where i was going.
 
5) 轉述祈使句或疑問形式的祈使句，通常改為“ask (want, beg, tell, order）＋賓語＋動詞不定式”的簡單句。表示建議，可用“offer＋to do”，“suggest＋doing”或“suggest that-clause”表達。 
 he said,“please turn on the light.”
he asked me to turn on the light.
 
 she said,“don't make any noise, tom.” she told tom not to make any noise.
 
 she said,“would you mind passing me the book?”
she wanted me to pass her the book.
 
 she said,“why not have a trip?”
she suggested me having a trip.
 
6) 轉述肯定、否定并列的兩個祈使句時，一般要用“not...but”并列連詞
 the teacher said,“don't look out of the window, look at your textbooks.”
the teacher told his students not to look out of the window but look at their textbooks.
 
4.直接引語轉換成間接引語不僅有人稱、時態的變化，有時還要把物主代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語作相應的變化。變化列表如下
變化項目 直接引語 間接引語
1.動詞時態 (1) 引語前或后的主句謂語動詞是過去時態 (1) 賓語從句的謂語動詞作以下調整：