A garden of poems（The Fifth Period）
t: good. it is used as attribute. i agree with the first student.
step iii explanation
t: we know that the past participle can be used as adverbial. now look at these sentences on the blackboard.
(teacher writes the following on the blackboard.)
1. don't speak until spoken to.
2. given more time, we could do the work much better.
3. destroyed by the earthquake, the house had to be rebuilt.
t: what are these past participle used us?
ss: they are all used as adverbial.
t: yes, you're right. and we know that the past participle used as adverbial can express different adverbials, such as: time, cause, condition, manner and so on. do you know what the past participle in each sentence expresses? who knows?
sa: the past participle in the first sentence expresses time. the second one expresses condition. and the last one expresses cause.
t: very good. now, i'll give you a few minutes to discuss with your partner
about how to replace these past participles by using adverbial clauses.
t: (a few minutes later.) who'd like to try the first sentence?
sb: i'd like to. “don't speak until you're spoken to. ”
t：good. please sit down. what about the second sentence? who knows?
sc: i know. if we were given more time, we could do the work much better.
t: ok. sit down, please. now, the last sentence. who wants to have a try?
s: beeause the house had been destroyed by the earthquake, it had to be rebuilt.
t: good.
(teacher writes the sentences above on the blackboard.)
step vi comparison
t: as we all know, the past participle and the present partieiple can be used as adverbial, for example: (teacher writes the following examples on the
blackboard. )
1. seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful.
2. seeing from the hill, we can see our beautiful school.
t: look at these two sentences carefully. can you tell us the difference between them?
s: the first sentence uses the past participle as adverbial while the second sentence uses the present participle as adverbial.
t: good. do you know why?