直接引語和間接引語
= he said that when he saw her she was living in london.
he said, “when i got to london, she had lived there for years.”
= he said that when he got to london, she had lived there for years.
4. 表示過去具體年份的狀語不變。 he said, “i was born in 1956.”
= he said that he was born in 1956.
5. 表示真理，格言，諺語等不受時間限制的句子不變。 he said, “the earth turns around the sun.”
= he said that the earth turns around the sun.
6. 強調所談情況仍然存在時不變。 she said that the bus leaves at 5:40. (公交車尚未開走)
he told me that he works as a teacher. （現在仍是教師）
7. could, would, should, needn’t, had better, ought to, used to等情態動詞不變。 he said, “i would like to live in london.”
= he said that he would like to live in london.
he said, “i used to live in london.”
= he said that he used to live in london.
6. 人稱代詞的變化：
人稱代詞變化 1. 一主（根據引號外的主語變換引號內的人稱代詞） tom said to kate, “i have finished my homework.”
= tom and kate that he had already finished his homework.
2. 二賓（根據引號外的賓語變換引號內的人稱代詞） tom said to kate, “you speak english better than me.”
= tom told kate that she spoke english better than him.
3. 三不變（第三人稱不變） tom asked mike, “does she often come to school late?”
= tom asked mike if/whether she often went to school late.
7. 指示代詞，地點副詞，動詞, 時間狀語的變化
指示代詞，地點副詞，動詞變化 1. 指示代詞的變化：
this—that these—those he said to me, “i’ve known you since you came to this place.”
= he told me that he had known me since i went to that place.
he said to me, “will you come here today or tomorrow?”
= he asked me if i would go there that day or the next day.
he said to me, “did you come yesterday, a few days ago or last sunday?”
=he asked me if i had gone the day before, a few days before or the sunday before.
she said, “i’ll bring you this book next month.”
=she said that he would go there again that night.
she said, “he will come here again tonight.”
= she said that he would go there again that night.
he asked me, “did you leave london yesterday morning or the day before yesterday?”
= he asked me if i had left london the morning before or two days before.