直接引語和間接引語（精選3篇）
直接引語和間接引語 篇1
一. 定義
交際中我們常常需要引述別人說的話，一種是一字不差地直接引用別人的話，放在引號內(nèi)，稱為直接引語（the direct speech）, 另一種是間接地引述別人的話，稱為間接引語( the indirect speech)。例如：
he said, “i will choose a book from my students.” 他說：“我將為學(xué)生選一本書。”
= he said that he would choose a book from his student. 他說他將為學(xué)生選一本書。
二. 直接引語與間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)化
1. 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的變化：
he said to me, “don’t live in london!”
= he told me not to live in london.
2. 語序的變化： 疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。
he said to me, “do you live in london?”
= he asked me if/whether i lived in london.
3. 動(dòng)詞的變化： say (to) 在陳述句中多變?yōu)閠ell等詞，在疑問句中多變?yōu)閍sk等詞，在祈使句中表示命令多變?yōu)閠ell, order等詞，表請求時(shí)多變?yōu)閍sk等詞。
he said to me, “could you please live in london?”
= he asked me if/whether i could live in london.
= he asked me to live in london.
4. 連接詞的變化：
連接詞 1. 陳述句用that連接 he said to me, “i live in london.”
= he told me that he lived in london.
2. 一般（選擇，反意）疑問句用if或whether連接 he said to me, “do you live in london?”
= he asked me if/whether i lived in london.
he asked me, “do you live in london or paris?”
= he asked me if/whether i lived in london or paris.
he asked me, “you live in london, don’t you?”
= he asked me if/whether i lived in london.
3. 特殊疑問句仍用原來的特殊疑問詞連接 he said to me, “when do you live in london?”
= he asked me when i lived in london.
5. 時(shí)態(tài)的變化：
時(shí)態(tài)變化 1. 如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。 he says, “i live in london.”
= he says that he lives in london.
he says, “i have lived in london for years.”
= he says that he has lived in london for years.
2. 如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)作如下變化：
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)---一般過去時(shí)
一般將來時(shí)---過去將來時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)---過去完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)---過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)---過去完成時(shí) he said, “i live in london.”
= he said that he lived in london.
he said, “i am living in london now.”
= he said that he was living in london then.
he said, “i will live in london next year.”
= he said that he would live in london the next year.
he said, “i lived in london for years.”
= he said that he had lived in london for years.
3. 但是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)保持不變。
he said, “when i saw her, she was living in london.”
= he said that when he saw her she was living in london.
he said, “when i got to london, she had lived there for years.”
= he said that when he got to london, she had lived there for years.
4. 表示過去具體年份的狀語不變。 he said, “i was born in 1956.”
= he said that he was born in 1956.
5. 表示真理，格言，諺語等不受時(shí)間限制的句子不變。 he said, “the earth turns around the sun.”
= he said that the earth turns around the sun.
6. 強(qiáng)調(diào)所談情況仍然存在時(shí)不變。 she said that the bus leaves at 5:40. (公交車尚未開走)
he told me that he works as a teacher. （現(xiàn)在仍是教師）
7. could, would, should, needn’t, had better, ought to, used to等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不變。 he said, “i would like to live in london.”
= he said that he would like to live in london.
he said, “i used to live in london.”
= he said that he used to live in london.
6. 人稱代詞的變化：
人稱代詞變化 1. 一主（根據(jù)引號外的主語變換引號內(nèi)的人稱代詞） tom said to kate, “i have finished my homework.”
= tom and kate that he had already finished his homework.
2. 二賓（根據(jù)引號外的賓語變換引號內(nèi)的人稱代詞） tom said to kate, “you speak english better than me.”
= tom told kate that she spoke english better than him.
3. 三不變（第三人稱不變） tom asked mike, “does she often come to school late?”
= tom asked mike if/whether she often went to school late.
7. 指示代詞，地點(diǎn)副詞，動(dòng)詞, 時(shí)間狀語的變化
指示代詞，地點(diǎn)副詞，動(dòng)詞變化 1. 指示代詞的變化：
this—that these—those he said to me, “i’ve known you since you came to this place.”
= he told me that he had known me since i went to that place.
he said to me, “will you come here today or tomorrow?”
= he asked me if i would go there that day or the next day.
he said to me, “did you come yesterday, a few days ago or last sunday?”
=he asked me if i had gone the day before, a few days before or the sunday before.
she said, “i’ll bring you this book next month.”
=she said that he would go there again that night.
she said, “he will come here again tonight.”
= she said that he would go there again that night.
he asked me, “did you leave london yesterday morning or the day before yesterday?”
= he asked me if i had left london the morning before or two days before.
2. 地點(diǎn)副詞的變化：
here—there now—then
3. 動(dòng)詞的變化：
come—go bring—take
4. 時(shí)間狀語的變化：
today—that day tonight—that night
yesterday—the day before
yesterday morning—the morning before
last week—the week before
next week—the next week
tomorrow—the next day
tomorrow morning—the next morning
3 days ago—3 days before
the day after tomorrow—in 2 day’s time
練習(xí)
一. 單項(xiàng)選擇
1. he asked ____ for the violin.
a. did i pay how much b. i paid how much
c. how much did i pay d. how much i paid
2. someone is ringing the doorbell. go and see _____.
a. who is he b. who he is c. who is it d. who it is
3. can you tell me ____?
a. how good is his spoken english b. how well his spoken english is
c. how well he speaks english d. how good he can speak english
4. he said that he had bought the jacket____.
a. before three days b. three days before c. three days ago d. last week
5. did you say_____?
a. that what he said was true b. that it was true that he said
c. what did he say was true d. what he said it was true
6. please tell me ____ from.
a. where do you come b. where you come
c. where you will come d. there you come
7. ask her ____ come with us.
a. if she will b. if or not she will
c. that if she will d. whether will she
8. the driver said that he ____ pick ____ a passenger at west street.
a. will, up b. would, up c. will, out d. would, out
9. he said he ___ in 1993.
a. has born b. had been born c. had born d. was born
10. john ___ me he was going to help me with my english.
a. explained b. spoke c. told d. said
11. he asked me _______ i would go to beijing by air the next day.
a. that of b. if c. that whether d. how
12. mother asked the youngest kid ________ with his toy car.
a. what the matter was b. what was the matter
c. what the matter is d. what is the matter
1-5. ddcba 6-10 babdc 11-12 bb
二. 將下列直接引語改寫成間接引語
1. he said, “i have been here about ten times.”
2. mary said, “i have sold my house in london.”
3. the man said, “smoking is strictly forbidden here.”
4. ann said, “she moved to paris in 1956.”
5. mr. black said, “we started learning chinese last month.”
6. mary said, “why didn’t you stop here yesterday?”
7. shaw said to ann, “your brother will give you a nice gift.”
8. my wife said to me, “don’t sleep with the window open.”
9. i asked tom, “do you live on the fourteenth floor or the fifteenth floor?”
10. he asked, “should i go with you, linda?”
11. the teacher said to the students, “water boils at 100℃.”
12. the nurse said to grey, “l(fā)eave the ward quietly.”
13. he said, “how lovely the house is!”
14. “would you buy me some stamps?” he said to me.
15. “who left the banana skin on my desk?” said cathy.
16. “are you leaving today or tomorrow morning?” said his secretary.
17. she said, “how long will it take me to fly to that city?”
18. “where were you last night?” she said.
19. “it is foggy today,” i said.
20. he said, “i must go at once.”
key
1. he said that he had been there about ten times.
2. mary said that she had sold her house in london.
3. the man said that smoking was strictly forbidden there.
4. ann said that she moved to paris in 1956.
5. mr. black said that they had started learning chinese the month before.
6. mary asked why i hadn’t stopped her the day before.
7. shaw told ann that her brother would give her a nice gift.
8. my wife told me not to sleep with the windows open.
9. i asked tom whether he lived on the fourteenth floor or the fifteenth floor.
10. he asked linda whether he should go with her.
11. the teacher told the students that water boils at 100℃.
12. the nurse told grey to leave the ward quietly.
13. he said how lovely the house was.
14. he asked me to buy some stamps for him.
15. cathy asked who had left the banana skin on her desk.
16. his secretary asked whether he was leaving that day or the next morning.
17. she asked how long it would take her to fly to that city.
18. she asked where i had been the night before.
19. i said that it was foggy that day.
20. he said that he would have to go at once.
直接引語和間接引語 篇2
引述某人的話一般采用兩種形式：一種是直接引語（direct speech），即原封不動(dòng)地引用原話，把它放在引號內(nèi)；另一種是間接引語（indirect speech），即用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容不放在引號內(nèi)。
一、 直接引語變間接引語
a. 陳述句的間接引語
直接引語是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，引述動(dòng)詞通常是say, tell等。與此同時(shí)，間接引語中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和其他方面也要相應(yīng)有所變化。
the foreigner aid to me, i like beijing very much.那老外告訴我：我很喜歡北京。
→ the foreigner told me that he she liked beijing very much. 那老外告訴我說他（她）很喜歡北京。
she said,we are very fond of sports. 她說：我們都喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。
→ she said that they were very fond of sports. 她說他（她）們都喜歡體運(yùn)動(dòng)。
i'll go over the grammar lesson once again,he said. 他說：我將把語法課再復(fù)習(xí)一遍。
→ he said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他說他將要把語法課再復(fù)習(xí)一遍。（that可省略）
b. 疑問句的間接引語
1.一般疑問句和反意疑問句
一般疑問句改為間接引語時(shí)，要用陳述語序，并要加連詞if 或 whether，其主句動(dòng)詞常用ask, wonder, wantto know, didn't know等。句末不用問號。
my teacher asked me, do you like american country music 我老師問我：你喜歡美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂嗎？
→ my teacher asked me ifwhether i liked american country music. 我老師問我是否喜歡美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂。
you haven't been to beijing, have you asked he. 他問：你沒去過北，是嗎？
→ he asked me ifwhether i had been to beijing. 他問我是否去過北京。
2.否定的一般疑問句和選擇問句
如果直接引語為否定的一般問句或選擇疑問句時(shí)，用whether�or 連接。
she said, don't you know my telephone number 她說：你難道不知道我的電話號碼嗎？
→ she asked me whether i knew her telephone number or not. 她問我是知道她的電話號碼。
do you like this one or that one tom asked. 湯姆問：你是喜歡這個(gè)還是那個(gè)？
→ tom asked me whether i liked this one or that one. 湯姆問我是喜歡這個(gè)還是那個(gè)。
3.特殊疑問句
間接引語為特殊疑問句時(shí)，間接引語前仍然用特殊疑問詞作為連詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，注意從句必須用陳述語序，主句謂語動(dòng)詞常用ask。
he asked, how do you like it 他問：你覺得怎樣？
→ he asked me how i liked it. 他問我覺得它怎樣。
she asked me, what's the matter with you 她問我：你怎么啦？
→ she asked me what was the matter with me. 她問我我怎么啦。
how many books do you have she asked. 她問：你有多少本書？
→ she asked me how many books i had. 她問我有多少本。
4.其它
英語中有些疑問句并非提出疑問，而是表示請求、勸告、建議等。這種疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，往往采用其他的形式。
①.suggest doing
shall we all go to the film tonight said michael. 邁克爾說：我們今晚都去看電影，好嗎？
→ michael suggested going to the film tonight. 邁克爾建議今晚都去看電影。
what about having a drink he asked. 他問：喝杯怎么樣？
he suggested having a drink. 他建議喝一杯。
②.advise sb to do
why don't you go hiking asked james. 詹姆士問：你為什么不徒步旅行？
james advised me to go hiking. 詹姆士建議我去徒步旅行。
③. offer to do
he said, would you like me to post the letter 他說：你要我寄信嗎？
he offered to ost the letter. 他主動(dòng)提出寄信。
④.ask sb to do
will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow she said to me. 她對我說：勞駕你明天把你的參考書帶來好嗎？
→ she asked me to take my reference book there the next day. 她讓我第二天把我的參考書帶去。
c. 祈使句的間接引語
1.直接引語為祈使句時(shí)，間接引語往往用復(fù)合賓來表示，其結(jié)構(gòu)為主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語（動(dòng)詞不定式）。引述動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)口氣選用tell, ask, order, command, request等詞，句中please去掉。
she said to me, please have a rest. 她對我說：請休息一下。
→ she asked me to have a rest. 她要求我休息一下。
don't all answer at once, she said to the pupils. 她對學(xué)生說：大家不要齊聲回答。→ she told the pupils not to answer all at once. 她叫學(xué)生不要齊聲回答。
2.帶有l(wèi)et的祈使句（表示請求，建議或命令），可用suggest + -ing形式或suggest +that從句來表示其相應(yīng)的意思。
let's go for a walk, said the girl. 那姑娘說，讓我們?nèi)ド⑸⒉桨伞?/p>
→ the girl suggested going for a walk. 這女孩建議去散散步。
the teacher sai, let lily tidy the classroom. 老師說：讓莉莉整理教室。
→ the teacher suggested that lily should tidy the classroom. 老師建議讓莉莉整理教室。
d. 感嘆句的間接引語
1.直接引語是感嘆句變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，多采用賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，既可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)。
what a clever boy you are!my teacher said to him. 老師對他說，你是個(gè)聰明的孩子啊！
→ my teacher told him what a clever boy he was. 老師對他說他是一個(gè)多聰明的孩子啊。
→ my teacher told him that he was a very clever boy. 老師說他是一個(gè)非常聰明的孩子。
he said, how well you look! 他說：你看起來氣色多好啊！
→ he said how well i looked. 他說我看起來是氣色多好啊。
→ he said that i ooked very well. 他說我看起來氣色很好。
2.有些感嘆句可以根據(jù)原句的意思，采用適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞變?yōu)殛愂鼍洌恍栌瞄g接賓語來轉(zhuǎn)述。
help! he cried. 他喊到：救命啊！
→ he called for help. 他大聲呼救。
what terrible weather it is!he said. 他說：多么糟糕的天氣！
→ he complained about the terrible weather. 他抱怨這糟糕的天氣。
happy chrismas! he said. 他說：圣誕快樂！
he wished me a happy christmas. 他祝我圣誕快樂。
二、 間接引語中的詞語變化
直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，間接引語中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語以及主謂語詞序往往要作相應(yīng)的變化。
a. 時(shí)態(tài)的變化
1.時(shí)態(tài)的變化
①現(xiàn)在時(shí)間推移到過去時(shí)間
直接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
間接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)
一般過去時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
the old man said, i have lived in this street since 1960.
→the old man said that he had lived in that street since 1960. 那老人說他自從196年起就住在那條街上了。
he said, is it raining
→ he asked if it was raining. 他問是不是正在下雨。
②過去時(shí)間推移到過去的過去
直接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)
一般過去時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
間接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)
過去完成時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)（不變）
過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)或不變
she said to me, i wrote a letter to my parents three days ago.
→she told me that she had written a letter to her parents three days before.她告訴我她三天前已給她母親寫了一封信。
what were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday he asked
→ he asked me what i was doing at seven p.m. the day before. 他問我前一天晚上七點(diǎn)在干什么。
③將來時(shí)間推移到過去將來時(shí)間
直接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)
一般將來時(shí)
isamare going to do
isamare to do
間接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)
過去將來時(shí)
waswere going to do
waswere to do
he said, we shall get ready by eight o'clock.
→he said that they ould get ready by eight o'clock. 他說他們將在8點(diǎn)前準(zhǔn)備好。
we are to meet at the school gate, she said to me.
→ sh told me that they were to meet at the school gate. 她告訴我他們約定在校門口見面。
④間接引語中保持原來時(shí)態(tài)不變
在下列情況下，間接引語中的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)可以保持不變。
a. 主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。
he thinks, she will be back in a month.
→ he thinks she will be back in a month. 他想她將在一個(gè)月后回來。
he says, i have accepted her invitation.
he says he has accepted her invitation. 他說他已接受了她的邀請。
比較：
間接引語中的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)對比。
sarah said to me,i have two brothers. 莎莎對我說：“我有兩個(gè)弟弟。”
sarah told me that she has two brothers. 莎莎告訴我說她有兩個(gè)弟弟。（說話才認(rèn)為這情況是真實(shí)的）
sarah told me that she had two brothers. 莎拉告訴我說她有兩個(gè)弟弟。（說話者對此沒有什么把握）
b. 間接引語表示的是現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作、科學(xué)真理、客觀事實(shí)、格言等。
the geography teacher said to the students, the earth moves round the sun.
→ th geography teacher told the students that the earth moves round the sun. 老師告訴學(xué)生地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
he said, every dog has his day.
→ he said that every dog has his day. 他說是人皆有出頭日。
c. 間接引語中動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作說話時(shí)仍在進(jìn)行或狀態(tài)仍然存在，時(shí)態(tài)可保持不變。
he said,the window is brokn.
→ he said that the window is broken.他說玻璃窗碎了。
just now brown said, my son is ill today.
→ brown told me just now that his son is ill today. 布朗剛才告訴我說，他兒子今天病了。
d. 間接引語中有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語，仍可用一般過去時(shí)，不必改為過去完成時(shí)。
the girl said, iwas born in 1978.
→ the girl said that she was born in 1978.那女孩說她生于1978年。
she said, my teacher was busy yesterday.
→ she said that her teacher was busy yesterday. 她說她老師昨天很忙。
2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的變化
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在間接引語中都可以改為過去式，must表示必、推測、禁止等意思時(shí)，可不變；表示必須時(shí)可不變，也可用had to 或would have to。
the senior said, all men must die.
→ the senior said that all men must die. 那老者說人總是要死的。
she said, i must go to see the doctor tomorrow afternoon.
→ she saidshe mustwould have to go to see the doctor the next afternoon. 她說第二天下午她一定得去看醫(yī)生。
he said to me, we used to go there every year.
→ he toldme that they used to come here every year. 他對我說他們過去每年都來這里。（used to在間接引語中不變）
b. 代詞的變化
1.人稱代詞的變化
①當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱時(shí)，引語中的人稱代詞不變。
i said, you did quite well in the exam yesterday.
→ i said that you had done quite well in the exam the day before.我說你那天考得不錯(cuò)。
②直接引語中主語是第一人稱時(shí)，在改為間接引語時(shí)，其人稱與主句中的主語的人稱一致。
he said to tom, i'll do my best to catch up with others.
→ he told tom that he would do his best to catch up with others. 他告訴湯姆他將盡他所能趕上其他人。
③直接引語中主語是第二人稱時(shí)，在改為間接引語時(shí)，其人稱和主句的賓語相一致。
he said to her, where did you put the glasses
→ he asked her where she had put the glasses. 他問她，她把杯子放哪兒了。
提示：
如果主句中無賓語，應(yīng)根據(jù)語境或想象，自添適當(dāng)?shù)馁e語；如果直接引語中有呼語，則將其改為間接引語的賓語。
mother asked, where have you been
→ moher asked me where i had been. 母親問我去哪兒了。
why are you late again, john the teacher asked.
→ the teacher asked john why he was late again. 老師問約翰為什么他又遲到。
④直接引語中主語是第三人稱時(shí)，在改為間接引語時(shí)不發(fā)生變化。
he said to tom, she can help them.
→ he told tom that she could help them. 他告訴湯姆她能夠幫助他們。
2.物主代詞的變化
you should not overlook your fault, mum said to me.
→ mum told me that i should not overlook my fault. 媽媽對我說我不應(yīng)該忽略我的缺點(diǎn)。
the two boys said, we have lost ur dog.
→ the two boys said they had lost their dog. 這兩個(gè)男孩說他們的狗丟了。
3.指示代詞的變化
直接引語中的指示代詞
this
these
間接引語中的指示代詞
that
those
she said, this is the house in which lu xun once lived.
→ she said that that wa the house in which lu xun had once lived. 她說那是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的房子。
i bought these flowers for you, jane said.
jane said that she had bought those flowers for me. 簡說那些花是她為我買的。
i grow these tomatoes myself, he said.
→ he aid that he grew those tomatoes himself. 他說那些胡蘿卜是他自己種的。
c. 時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語的變化
1.時(shí)間狀語的變化
he said, i spoke to them yesterday.
→ he said that h had spoken to them the day before. 他說他前一天跟他們講過話了。
the student said,we have learned about 3,000 english words so far.
→ the student said that they had learned about 3,000 english words by then. 那學(xué)生說到那時(shí)為止他們已學(xué)會(huì)了3,000個(gè)英語單詞。
2.地點(diǎn)狀語的變化
當(dāng)直接引語變間引語時(shí)，地點(diǎn)狀語here通常變?yōu)閠here。但如果說話人所在地點(diǎn)就是引述人所在地點(diǎn)，那么仍然使用here.
come here, please, he said.
→ he asked me to come here. 他叫我到這里來。（引述人地點(diǎn)不變）
→ he asked me to go there. 他叫我到那里去。（引述人地點(diǎn)發(fā)生變化）
here she burst out into a flood of tears, he said to me.
→ he told me that she had burst out into a flood of tears there. 他告訴我說，談到那個(gè)地方她就放聲大哭了起來。
直接引語和間接引語 篇3
1.直接引語 直接引用別人的原話叫做直接引語，直接引語通常置于引號內(nèi)（“引用原話”）。
—“what is it all about?”
—“究竟是什么事呢？”
—“nothing serious, just a storm in a teacup.”
—“沒有什么，大驚小怪而已。”
2.間接引語 用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的意思，或引用自己說過的話，
都叫做間接引語。間接引語多數(shù)用賓語從句來表達(dá)。
mary said that she received a sugar report this morning.
瑪莉說她今天早上收到了一封情書。
he said that his hands were quite full at that moment.
他說那時(shí)他忙得不可開交。
3.直接引語和間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換
1) 轉(zhuǎn)述陳述句或感嘆句去標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號和引號，用say that接賓語從句，said后，從句中要作人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等相應(yīng)的變化。
she said, “i am going to the market.”
she said (that) she was going to the market.
“what an interesting novel!”she said.
she said that it was such an interesting novel.
2) 轉(zhuǎn)述一般或反意疑問句去標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號和引號。用if/whether接賓語從句，改用陳述句語序。從句中要作人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等相應(yīng)的變化。
he asked,“you are a native, aren't you?”
he asked (me) it/whether i was a native.
3) 轉(zhuǎn)述選擇疑問句，去標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號和引號，接whether...or引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，改用陳述句語序，從句中要作人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等相應(yīng)的變化。
he said,“is this car mr. green's or mr. brown's?”
he asked (me) whether that car was mr. green's or mr. brown's.
4) 轉(zhuǎn)述特殊疑問句，去標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號和引號，由原疑問詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，改用陳述句語序，從句中要作人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等相應(yīng)的變化。
she said,“where are you going?”
she asked (me) where i was going.
5) 轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句或疑問形式的祈使句，通常改為“ask (want, beg, tell, order）＋賓語＋動(dòng)詞不定式”的簡單句。表示建議，可用“offer＋to do”，“suggest＋doing”或“suggest that-clause”表達(dá)。
he said,“please turn on the light.”
he asked me to turn on the light.
she said,“don't make any noise, tom.” she told tom not to make any noise.
she said,“would you mind passing me the book?”
she wanted me to pass her the book.
she said,“why not have a trip?”
she suggested me having a trip.
6) 轉(zhuǎn)述肯定、否定并列的兩個(gè)祈使句時(shí)，一般要用“not...but”并列連詞
the teacher said,“don't look out of the window, look at your textbooks.”
the teacher told his students not to look out of the window but look at their textbooks.
4.直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語不僅有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，有時(shí)還要把物主代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語作相應(yīng)的變化。變化列表如下
變化項(xiàng)目 直接引語 間接引語
1.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) (1) 引語前或后的主句謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài) (1) 賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞作以下調(diào)整：
1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)調(diào)整為一般過去時(shí)
2) 一般過去時(shí)調(diào)整為過去完成時(shí)
3) 一般將來時(shí)調(diào)整為過去將來時(shí)
4) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)調(diào)整為過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
5) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)調(diào)整為過去完成時(shí)
(2) 引語前或后的主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或一般將來時(shí)態(tài) (2) 賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不必調(diào)整
(3) 引語前或后的主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)態(tài) (3) 從句中
1) 動(dòng)詞表示客觀真理仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，不必調(diào)整為過去時(shí)態(tài)
2) 動(dòng)詞過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或過去完成時(shí)態(tài)保留，不必調(diào)整。
3) 有具體的過去時(shí)間狀語，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，不必調(diào)整為過去完成時(shí)態(tài)
2.人稱/物主/反身等代詞 引號內(nèi)的(1) 第一人稱
(2) 第二人稱
(3) 第三人稱 (1) 改為與主句的主語相同的人稱
(2) 改為第一人稱
(3) 不變
3.指示代詞 this/these 改為that/those
4.時(shí)間狀語 now, today, tomorrow, ago 分別改為then, that day, the next day, before
5.地點(diǎn)狀語 here 改為there
6.動(dòng)詞 come 改為go
say to sb. 改為ask(want, beg, tell, order) sb.
suggest one's doing
suggest that