unit 10 Frightening nature

1. 簡單句中的省略
1) 省略主語   祈使句中主語通常省略；其它省略主語多限于少數現成的說法。
(1) (i) thank you for your help.
(2) (i) see you tomorrow.
(3) (it) doesn’t matter.
(4) (i) beg your pardon.
2) 省略主謂或主謂語的一部分  
(1) (there is) no smoking .
(2) (is there) anything wrong ?
(3) (will you) have a smoke ?
(4) what/how (do you think) about a cup of tea ?
(5) why (do you) not say hello to him ?
3) 省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留to，但如果該賓語是動詞be或完成時態，則須在之后加上be或have:
(1) –are you going there?   --yes, i’d like to (go there).
(2) he didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).
(3) –are you an engineer?   --no, but i want to be.
(4) –he hasn’t finished the task yet.    --well, he ought to have.
4) 省略表語  
(1) –are you thirsty?    --yes, i am (thirsty).
(2) his brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister (lazy).
5) 同時省略幾個成分  
(1) let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.
(2) –-have you finished your work ?
     ---(i have) not (finished my work) yet.
2. 主從復合句中的省略
1) 主句中有一些乘法被省略
(1) ( i’m ) sorry to hear you are ill.
(2) ( it’s a ) pity that he missed such a good chance.
2) 主句中有一些乘法被省略
(1) –is he coming back tonight?  --i think so.
(2) –she must be busy now?  --if so, she can’t go with us.
(3) –is she feeling better today?  --i’m afraid not.
(4) –do you think he will attend the meeting? --i guess not.
  這種用法常見的有：how so? why so? is that so? i hope so. he said so.及i suppose/believe/hope not.
3. 并列句中的省略
兩個并列句中，后一個分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。  
(1) my father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.
(2) i study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.
(3) when summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter.
4.其他省略
1) 連詞的that省略
賓語從句中常省略連詞that，但也有不能省略的情況。
(2) 在定語從句中，that在從句中作賓語時可省略.另外，凡是進行時態和被動語態的定語從句都可省略關系代詞和be 動詞。
2) 在某些狀語從句中，從句的主語與主句的主語一致時，可省去“主語+be”部分
when (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.
 she tried her best though (she was) rather poor in health.
 if (you are) asked you may come in.
 if (it is) necessary i’ll explain to you again.
3) 不定式符號to的省略
并列的不定式可省去后面的 to.
    i told him to sit down and wait for a moment.