2016年高考英語動詞語態語法專題
XX年《高考風向標》•英語
第二部分 語法專題
專題十一 動詞的語態
1. 被動語態的時態。動詞的被動語態由動詞be加上過去分詞構成，時態通過be表現出來。
①a library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.
一所藏書五千冊的圖書館作為禮物被送與國家。
②the sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.
因為糟糕的天氣運動會將被延期。
③ when the firefighters arrived, the big fire had been put out.
當消防員趕到時，大火已經被撲滅。
2. 短語動詞的被動語態。由“動詞+副詞+介詞”構成的三詞動詞和一些以介詞結尾的成語動詞變被動語態時要避免遺漏介詞。
the book is often referred to. 這本書經常被參考。
3. 不及物動詞沒有被動語態。例如：appear，arrive , belong, break (開始，突變)，come true，die，escape，fall，happen，last，remain，succeed，take place，occur等。
the news quickly spread in the country. 消息很快傳遍這個國家。
4. 有些動詞盡管是及物動詞但也不能變為被動語態。如：have on，agree with，write to，belong to，have等。
①i quite agree with you.我十分同意你的觀點。
②his brother owns a large company. 他的兄弟有家大公司。
5. 有些動詞的主動形式表示被動含義。這類動詞是一些表示主語的特征、性質的不及物動詞。如：sell，wash，wear，shut，open，read，write，cut，end，begin等；連系動詞look，feel，taste，smell，sound等，也是用主動形式表示被動意義，但后面要接形容詞做表語,不能接副詞。
the cloth looks good and washes well. 這種布料美觀易洗。
6. 有些動詞形式上是被動的，但含義是主動的。
①he was dressed in a policeman’s clothes at that time.他當時穿著警服。
②he was drunk at the dinner.他在宴會上喝醉了。
③the girl was lost in the forest.這女孩在森林中迷路了。
④my uncle has been engaged in the study of cotton growing for 20 years.我叔叔從事棉花生產研究已經20年了。
⑤the boy was seated on a chair.那男孩坐在一把椅子上。
⑥they are hidden behind the trees.他們躲藏在樹后。
⑦the soldiers were stationed on the top of the mountain.士兵們駐扎在山頂上。
7. 注意系表結構和被動語態的區別。前者往往表示主語所處的“某種狀態”或是表示“某人引起某種感情”的動詞的過去分詞；后者則強調動作的執行者或強調動作的反復性過程。
直擊高考
1. —how long ____ at this job?
—since 1990. (北京)
a. were you employed b. have you been employed
c. had you been employed d. will you be employed
2. —what happened to the priceless works of art?
—________. (北京)
a. they were destroyed in the earthquake
b. the earthquake was destroying them
c. they destroyed in the earthquake
d. the earthquake destroyed them