2016屆高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)教案4
句子是構(gòu)成篇章的基本單位。要讀懂一篇文章，首先要理解每個(gè)句子。同樣，要寫(xiě)出一篇文章，首先要寫(xiě)好每個(gè)句子。一個(gè)句子最短的基本成分是“主+謂”，最長(zhǎng)的基本成分是“主+謂+賓+補(bǔ)”。基本成分的修飾語(yǔ)為附屬成分：定語(yǔ)—修飾限制名詞或代詞的單詞﹑短語(yǔ)或從句；狀語(yǔ)—修飾限制謂語(yǔ)﹑句子或句子里一部分的單詞﹑短語(yǔ)或從句。
一、附屬成分作定語(yǔ)
英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)可分為限制性定語(yǔ)和非限制性定語(yǔ)。用來(lái)作定語(yǔ)的有：名詞﹑數(shù)詞﹑形容詞﹑代詞﹑副詞﹑介詞短語(yǔ)﹑非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和定語(yǔ)從句等等。
1. 限制性定語(yǔ)：?jiǎn)蝹�(gè)詞放在被修飾的詞前面，短語(yǔ)和從句放在被修飾的詞后面。
（1）名詞﹑形容詞﹑副詞﹑數(shù)詞﹑代詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等；
①she worked in a shoe factory.
②please don’t be so cruel to a ten-year-old child like that.
副詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾的詞后面, 以表示位置的居多。如：
③do you know the man over there?
④poor jack tottered toward a hospital nearby.
present, absent, a-開(kāi)頭的形容詞和形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾的詞之后。可以理解成which /that / who +is（was） / are（were）引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的省略。如：
⑤all the people present at the party were his supporters.
⑥i think he is the oldest man alive in the small town.
（1）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）,一般可轉(zhuǎn)換成限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
①let’s find a restaurant to have lunch in.
句中黑體部分可改為：where/in which we can have lunch
②the repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well spent.
句中黑體部分可改為：that/which was well spent
【注】 -ing形式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用一般式， 表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，不可使用其完成式。如：
③suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage seized the girl and took her away, disappearing into the woods.
句中黑體部分可改為：who/that was driving a golden carriage
④the flowers smelling sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
句中黑體部分可改為：that/which smell sweet in the botanic garden
（3）限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
①we are living in an age when/in which many things are done on computer.
②many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the tiger.
2. 非限制性定語(yǔ)，一般放在后面，對(duì)中心詞起修飾作用，而不對(duì)其進(jìn)行限制。省略之后對(duì)句子意思的表達(dá)影響不大。
（1）名詞﹑數(shù)詞﹑形容詞等短語(yǔ)，可理解為一個(gè)省略的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
①david, our english teacher, appreciated your idea much.
句中黑體部分可改為：who was our english teacher
②he was sent to france, a european country.
句中黑體部分可改為：which was a european country
（2）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）,一般可轉(zhuǎn)換成非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如：
the manager, making it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
句中黑體部分可改為： who made it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us