2016屆高考英語第一輪語法專題教案
時態 結構 例句
現在完成時 助動詞(have / has) ＋ been ＋ 動詞的過去分詞 she has been told the news.
過去完成時 助動詞(had) ＋ been ＋ 動詞的過去分詞 the work had been done before i arrived.
過去將來時 would (was / were going to)be＋動詞的過去分詞[ ] i did not say that the equipment would be changed.
(二)被動語態的用法
【完成例句】
(19)新的課本將在下學期被使用。
the new test book will be used next term.
【結論1】動作的執行者不知道是誰或難以說明時常用被動語態。
【完成例句】
(20)這種自行車在我們店沒有賣。
this kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.
(21)那個賊昨天被警察抓了。
the thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.
【結論2】當動作的承受者比起動作的執行者來說更能引起人們的關心而需要加以強調時，要用被動語態。
【完成例句】
(22)學生被鋼琴家提了一些建議。
some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.
＝the pupils were given some advice by the pianist.
【結論3】含有雙賓語的句子，主動句中的間接賓語或者直接賓語都可變為被動語態中的主語，另一個保留不變。變為主語的若是主動句中的直接賓語，間接賓語前則需加介詞to 或for。
【完成例句】
(23)他們被老板強迫一天工作10小時。
they were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.
(24)他被看見進入房子。
he was seen to enter the house.
【結論4】在主動語態句中動詞make, have, let, see, watch, hear, feel等后接動詞不定式作賓語補足語，動詞不定式不加to。但變成被動語態時后面的不定式都須加上to。
【完成例句】
(25)眾所周知紙最先被中國發明。
it is known that paper was first made in china.
(26)紙被認為最先被中國發明。
paper was known to be first made in china.
【結論5】當句子的謂語為say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等時，被動語態有兩種形式：a. 謂語動詞用被動語態，動詞不定式作主補。b. 用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面，用主語從句來表示。
類似句型有：it is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped / thought that…
(三)不能用被動語態的幾種情況
【完成例句】
(27)我的家鄉近來發生了很大的變化。(take place)
great changes have taken place recently in my hometown.
【結論1】所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態之中。
【完成例句】
(28)他看起來像他父親。
he looks like his father.
【結論2】表示狀態的謂語動詞，如：hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist of等不用于被動。
【翻譯句子】
(29)這支筆屬于tom。
the pen belongs to tom.
【結論3】表示歸屬的動詞，如：have, own, belong to等不用于被動。
【翻譯句子】
(30)我想要些蘋果。
i would like some apples.
【結論4】表示“希望， 意圖”的動詞，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等不用于被動。