2017屆高考英語定語從句語法專題教案
【例句分析】
①whom / that / who指人,在限制性定語從句中作wanted to see的賓語,可以省略。
②which / that指物,在限制性定語從句中作are carrying的賓語,可以省略。
③which指前面主句內(nèi)容,在非限制性定語從句中作賓語,但不能省略。
④whom前有介詞to,雖然作賓語,但不能省略。
【結(jié)論1】關(guān)系代詞若在限制性定語從句中作賓語并且前面無介詞時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可省略,其他情況不可省。
【完成例句】
(1)我,你的好朋友,當(dāng)你陷入困境的時(shí)候會(huì)幫你的。
i, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.
(2) 《哈利•波特》是最受青少年歡迎的暢銷書之一。
harry potter is one of the best-sellers that are popular with teenagers.
《哈利•波特》是唯一一本讓作者成為億萬富翁的暢銷書。harry potter is the only one of the best-sellers that makes the author a billionaire.
(3)他通過了考試,這使我們很驚訝。
he has passed the exam, which makes us surprised.
眾所周知,中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
great changes have taken place in china, as is known to all.
(4)每家有臺(tái)電視,30年前我們認(rèn)為是不可能的,現(xiàn)在實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
to own a tv set in each family, which we think was impossible 30 years ago, now has become true.
【結(jié)論2】定語從句中的主謂一致問題
(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
(2) one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 關(guān)系代詞+ 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞;而the only one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 關(guān)系代詞+ 單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
(3)非限制性定語從句中,由關(guān)系代詞as或which代替整個(gè)主句時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。
(4)關(guān)系代詞和謂語動(dòng)詞之間有插入語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)要看關(guān)系代詞的指代。
【完成例句】
(5)所有能做的都做了。
all that can be done has been done.
(6)這就是我想要買的電影。
this is the very dictionary that i want to buy.
(7)他們?cè)趥惗貐⒂^的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。
the first place that they visited in london was the big ben.
(8)站在那兒的是誰?
who is the man that is standing there?
(9) they have set up a company, which deals with the things that are related to environment protection.
他們創(chuàng)立了一家環(huán)保公司。
(10)杭州不再是過去的杭州了。
hangzhou is no more the city that it used to be.
【結(jié)論3】指物時(shí),定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用that的情況:
①當(dāng)先行詞為everything, anything, nothing, the one, none, all, much, few, any, little等不定代詞時(shí),只用that。
②當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, all, much, few, any, little, no修飾時(shí),只用that。
③當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),只用that。先行詞既有人又有物時(shí),只用that。