高中英語詞法專題主謂一致精品教案
英語詞法專題講座十二:主謂一致一.就近原則
1. 由并列結構或連詞(either…or, neither…nor,not…but, not only…but also, or等)連接的并列主語,謂語動詞與較近的那個名詞或代詞保持一致。
neither his parents nor tom_____(be) at home.
2. 在倒裝句和there be句型中,謂語動詞與后面的第一個主語保持一致。
there _____(be) a book and some pens on the desk.
there ______(come) the bus.
3. 在定語從句中,關系代詞作主語,其謂語動詞應與它所指代的先行詞保持一致。
i know the man who_____(be) talking to my father.
4. 在強調句中,連接代詞又在句中作主語,這時它應與被強調的主語保持一致。
it is mary’s brother who_____(be) injured in the car accident yesterday.
二.意義一致原則
1. 當主語與謂語動詞之間插入along with,with,as well as,together with, besides,except, but, including等短語時,謂語動詞與第一個主語保持一致。
i along with my sister_____(be) going to shanghai next month.
2. 由“what”引導的名詞性從句作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數形式。
what i want to say _____(be) just “ take care!”.
3. “…+ (of) +名詞”作主語時,若“of”后的名詞為單數(不可數名詞),則謂語動詞用單數,如果名詞為復數,則謂語動詞用復數。
most of the water here ______(be) clean.
80% of cotton ______(have) been sent to america.
half of the apples ______(be) red.
4. 詞組“a number of”作主語時,謂語動詞應用復數;“the number of”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。
a number of ancient buildings _____ (be) destroyed in the war.
the number of the visitors _____ (have) decreased this year.
5. 英語的集體名詞(family, public, group, team, class等詞),指代“整體”時為單數;指代“其中的各成員”則為復數。
my family ____(be) very poor when i was a little girl.
my family ______(be) all looking forward for your coming.
三.整體原則
1. 從句、不定式、動名詞等作主語時謂語動詞用單數。
when to leave _____(have) not been decided.
watching tv too much _____(be) bad for your eyes.
注:如果主語是兩個(或兩個以上)的名詞性從句,謂語動詞常用復數。
what he said and what he did _____(be) always different last night .
2. 如果兩個以上的名詞組成一個整體概念作主語時,謂語動詞須用單數。
the novelist and poet _____(be) going to europe next year.
the novelist and the poet_____(be) going to europe next year.
3. 表示時間、距離、金額、度量等詞語作主語時,通常被視作整體,謂語動詞用單數。
10 minutes_____(be)enough.
4. 加減乘除等數學運算謂語動詞通常用單數。
2 and 3 ______5.
5.“the +姓氏名詞的復數”表示“一家人、….夫婦”,作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式。
the blacks ______(enjoy) working in china.
四.個體原則
1. every +….and every +…..或each+…and each +…作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。