備戰2019屆高考英語(通用版)一輪復習專題14 it的用法
備戰XX屆高考英語(通用版)一輪復習
專題14 it的用法
【考綱解讀】
根據近向幾年高考試題來看,it一直是考查的重點,尤其是it, that 和one不同的指代功能。試題注重情景的設置,需要利用特點語言環境中上下文的聯系,正確分析結構,理解句意是做此類題目的關鍵。
命題的熱點集中于以下幾個方面: .
1. it/that/one用法區別(it主要指代前面提到的同一物;one用來指代前面出現的單數名詞,相當于a/an+單數名詞,表泛指概念,往往是同類而同一物;that用來替代前面出現的特指的單數可數名詞或特指的不可數名詞,相當于the+單數/不可數名詞)
2. it用在某些動詞后,如:enjoy,like,,dislike,resent,hate,don’t mind,be fond of,feel like,see to 之后, 即這些動詞后面的賓語從句前要加it代替其后的從句
3. 用于強調句或固定句型(it is/was …when/since/before…)中.
4. 作形式賓語或形式主語(主要代替ving,to do或從句)
5. 考查it 構成的習語,it也常表示抽象的情況,屬于虛指. 如:take it easy.
【知識要點】
it的用法
(一)作人稱代詞
1、it代替前面(或后面)的單數名詞或分句等所表示的事物。
e.g. you cannot eat your cake but have it.(it代替前面的cake)
although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. (it代替后面的air)
they say he has left town, but i don’t believe it. (it代替前面they…town分句中的情況)
2、代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽性的東西(包括嬰兒)。
e.g. yesterday we saw a big tree. it was fully twenty metres high. (it代替前面的tree)
the baby cried because it was hungry. (it代替前面的baby)
3、在某些習慣說法中,可以代替人。
e.g. ---- someone is knocking at the door, peter. ---- who is it? ---- it’s me.
---- who are singing? ---- it is the children.
---- the light is still on in the lab. it must be the third-year students doing the experiment.
4、it與one的區別:這兩個詞都可以代表前面說過的名詞,但it用于同名同物的場合;one則用于同名異物的場合。
e.g. ---- do you still have the bicycle? ---- no, i have sold it.
---- is this knife yours? ---- no. it is xiao zhang’s. mine is the one on the desk.
5、it與that的區別:兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞,但that指同一類,并非同一個。
e.g. the climate of south china is mild(溫和的); i like it very much.(it指the climate of south china)
the climate of south china is much better than that of japan.(that指the climate)
(二)作無人稱代詞
it作無人稱代詞時,除了句中找不到它所代表的詞語外,另一個特點是它后面的內容都是表示天氣、時間、距離、度量衡及情況等。
it is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).
it is noon.
it is a half hour’s walk to the factory.