2019年高考英語代詞語法專題
i、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)解析
代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞八種。
代詞類別 例 詞 功 能
人稱代詞 主格 i, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 只做主語
賓格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 做及物動詞或介詞的賓語
物主代詞 形容詞性 my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their 只做定語
名詞性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 做主語、賓語、表語
反身代詞 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 做賓語、同位語、表語
指示代詞 this, that, these, those 做主語、賓語、定語、表語
相互代詞 each other, one another 做賓語
疑問代詞 who, whom, what, which, whose, etc. 引出疑問句
關(guān)系代詞 that, who, whom, whose, etc. 連接定語從句
不定代詞 some, any, no, either, neither, all, none, each, somebody, no one, everybody, etc. 視情況而定，一般的可做定語、主語、賓語等
下面舉例說明，其中疑問代詞見“句子種類”，關(guān)系代詞見“定語從句”。
一 人稱代詞的用法
1 作主語，用主格。作賓語用賓格。she teaches us english.
2 在句中作表語，常用賓格。who is it? it’s me. 但有時用主格。
if i were she, i would’t go there.
it was i who told him about it.
二 物主代詞的用法
1.形容詞性物主代詞——只作定語：
this is our classroom. his father is an engineer.
2.名詞性物主代詞
所作成分 例句
1 作主語 this is her coat. mine is over there.
2 賓語 something has gone wrong with my bike. may i use yours ?
3 表語 this book isn’t mine; it’s tom’s.
說明：
① 英語中必須有形容詞性物主代詞，而漢語中往往省略不譯。如：
jack took off his coat and went to bed.
杰克脫掉外套就上床睡覺了。
② “of + 名詞性物主代詞”可用作定語。如：
some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.
我的一些朋友要出席我的生日晚宴。
三 反身代詞
所作成分 例句
1 賓語 動賓 tom taught himself chinese.
介賓 she loves me for myself, not for my money.
2 表語 she is not quite herself today. （be oneself: 身心自在）
3 同位語 i myself can repair the bike. the table itself has only three legs.