選修七英語Unit 4  Sharing

   "you can think of working memory as a pure measure of your child's potential. many psychologists consider working memory to be the new iq (智商), because we find that working memory is one of the most important predictors (預示物) of learning ability,' said dr. tracey alloway of britain’s durham university.   many children with poor working memory are considered lazy or dull. working memory allows people to hold in their minds and deal with a few items, such as telephone numbers, over a short period of time. alloway compares working memory to a box. for adults, the basic box size is thought to be three to five items. it's important, therefore, to put in the right things. irrelevant (不相關的) information will clutter working memory.   the question many researchers are struggling with is how to help children with this problem, which appears to be closely, related to a lack of attention.   "in children with learning difficulties, it becomes a huge issue, especially around middle school, when the demands on working memory really grow," said dr. mel levine, co-founder of all kinds of minds, a nonprofit organization in north carolina that studies learning difficulties.   memory training may help improve working memory. alloway has a tool that allows teachers to assess (評定)the working-memory capacity of children as young as 4; it has been used in 35 schools across britain.   levine’s organization trains teachers through a program called schools attuned, which is working with several thousand schools across the united states, canada and europe. while he is not sure working memory can be expanded, levine said children can be taught ways to do better in school.41. which of the following is a characteristic of working memory?    a. it has a limited capacity.    b. it is usually better in children than adults.    c. it improves with use.    d. it can cause a lack of attention.42. according to the new research, ___________.    a. the importance of working memory has been long recognized    b. working memory is becoming recognized as a factor in intelligence    c. laziness can weaken working memory    d. working memory helps people remember things forever43. what does the underlined word "clutter" in paragraph 3 probably mean?    a. change.   b. improve.    c. strengthen.      d. confuse.