Under the sea Period 4 Grammar
period 4 grammarteaching aims 1.students will be able to recognize the －ing/being done forms and know the exact meanings of them.2.students will be able to use these two forms correctly.teaching procedures step 1 revision ask students to answer the following questions without referring to the textbook.1.what did clancy witness when he ran down to the shore?2.why did clancy run in a hurry?3.what did old tom do when they headed into the bay?4.what did old tom do after george beat the water?5.what did clancy witness when they drew near?suggested answers：1.he saw a whale throwing itself out of the water and then crashing_down again.2.because clancy had already heard that george didn't like being_kept_waiting.3.they could see old tom swimming by the boat，showing them the way.4.tom circled back to the boat，leading them to the hunt again.5.he could see a whale being_attacked by a pack of about six other killers.next，ask students to pay attention to the underlined words and lead into the grammar item—“v.－ing”/“being done”.step 2 grammar learning1.現(xiàn)在分詞(－ing 形式)的構(gòu)成。v.－ing 形式由 “do＋ing” 構(gòu)成，其否定形式是 “not doing”，v.－ing 可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成 v.－ing 短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。2.動詞－ing 形式的被動式分一般式和完成式：(1) 一般式：表示這個被動的動作正在進(jìn)行或與謂語表示的動作同時發(fā)生。(2) 完成式：強(qiáng)調(diào)這個被動的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前完成。 語態(tài)時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式(not)doing(not)being done完成式(not)having done(not)having been done 3.動詞－ing的被動式的句法功能。(1)作主語。如：so_being_killed_by_sharks was a common thing.(2)作賓語，用在介詞后或需要帶－ing 形式作賓語的動詞后。如：george didn't like being_kept_waiting.he was terrified of being_abandoned_by_us.do you remember_having_been_taken to beijing at the age of ten?(3)作表語。如：what worried the child most was his not_being_allowed_to visit his mother in the hospital.(4)作定語。如：the problem being_discussed is of great importance.(5)作狀語。如：having_been_shown_around the library，we were taken to see the lab.(6)作補(bǔ)足語。如：as we drew closer，i could see a whale being_attacked by a pack of about six other killers.when we approached him，i saw james being_held_up in the water by old tom.[注意](1)v.－ing 形式的被動式主要在句子中作狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和定語。但v.－ing 形式的被動式的完成式，一般在句中作狀語(偶爾作非限定定語)，不作其他成分。they don't like the_design_of_the_new_bridge_being_built.(正在建造的橋的設(shè)計(jì))