直接引語和間接引語

  help! he cried. 他喊到：救命啊！
  → he called for help. 他大聲呼救。
  what terrible weather it is!he said. 他說：多么糟糕的天氣！
  → he complained about the terrible weather. 他抱怨這糟糕的天氣。
  happy chrismas! he said. 他說：圣誕快樂！
  he wished me a happy christmas. 他祝我圣誕快樂。

二、 間接引語中的詞語變化

  直接引語變為間接引語時，間接引語中的動詞時態、人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、時間和地點狀語以及主謂語詞序往往要作相應的變化。

a. 時態的變化

  1.時態的變化
  ①現在時間推移到過去時間
  直接引語中的時態
  一般現在時
  現在完成時
  現在進行時
  現在完成進行時
  間接引語中的時態
  一般過去時
  過去完成時
  過去進行時
  過去完成進行時
  the old man said, i have lived in this street since 1960.
  →the old man said that he had lived in that street since 1960. 那老人說他自從196年起就住在那條街上了。
  he said, is it raining
  → he asked if it was raining. 他問是不是正在下雨。

  ②過去時間推移到過去的過去
  直接引語中的時態
  一般過去時
  過去完成時
  過去進行時
  間接引語中的時態
  過去完成時
  過去完成時（不變）
  過去完成進行時或不變
  she said to me, i wrote a letter to my parents three days ago.
  →she told me that she had written a letter to her parents three days before.她告訴我她三天前已給她母親寫了一封信。
   what were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday he asked
  → he asked me what i was doing at seven p.m. the day before. 他問我前一天晚上七點在干什么。

  ③將來時間推移到過去將來時間
  直接引語中的時態
  一般將來時
  isamare going to do
  isamare to do
  間接引語中的時態
  過去將來時
  waswere going to do
  waswere to do
  he said, we shall get ready by eight o'clock.
  →he said that they ould get ready by eight o'clock. 他說他們將在8點前準備好。
  we are to meet at the school gate, she said to me.
  → sh told me that they were to meet at the school gate. 她告訴我他們約定在校門口見面。

  ④間接引語中保持原來時態不變
  在下列情況下，間接引語中的謂語動詞時態可以保持不變。
  a. 主句為現在時或將來時，間接引語的時態保持不變。
  he thinks, she will be back in a month.
  → he thinks she will be back in a month. 他想她將在一個月后回來。
  he says, i have accepted her invitation.
  he says he has accepted her invitation. 他說他已接受了她的邀請。

  比較：
  間接引語中的謂語動詞時態對比。
  sarah said to me,i have two brothers.   莎莎對我說：“我有兩個弟弟。”