直接引語和間接引語
sarah told me that she has two brothers. 莎莎告訴我說她有兩個弟弟。（說話才認為這情況是真實的）
sarah told me that she had two brothers. 莎拉告訴我說她有兩個弟弟。（說話者對此沒有什么把握）
b. 間接引語表示的是現在的習慣動作、科學真理、客觀事實、格言等。
the geography teacher said to the students, the earth moves round the sun.
→ th geography teacher told the students that the earth moves round the sun. 老師告訴學生地球圍繞太陽轉。
he said, every dog has his day.
→ he said that every dog has his day. 他說是人皆有出頭日。
c. 間接引語中動詞表示的動作說話時仍在進行或狀態仍然存在，時態可保持不變。
he said,the window is brokn.
→ he said that the window is broken.他說玻璃窗碎了。
just now brown said, my son is ill today.
→ brown told me just now that his son is ill today. 布朗剛才告訴我說，他兒子今天病了。
d. 間接引語中有明確的過去時間狀語，仍可用一般過去時，不必改為過去完成時。
the girl said, iwas born in 1978.
→ the girl said that she was born in 1978.那女孩說她生于1978年。
she said, my teacher was busy yesterday.
→ she said that her teacher was busy yesterday. 她說她老師昨天很忙。
2.情態動詞的變化
情態動詞在間接引語中都可以改為過去式，must表示必、推測、禁止等意思時，可不變；表示必須時可不變，也可用had to 或would have to。
the senior said, all men must die.
→ the senior said that all men must die. 那老者說人總是要死的。
she said, i must go to see the doctor tomorrow afternoon.
→ she saidshe mustwould have to go to see the doctor the next afternoon. 她說第二天下午她一定得去看醫生。
he said to me, we used to go there every year.
→ he toldme that they used to come here every year. 他對我說他們過去每年都來這里。（used to在間接引語中不變）
b. 代詞的變化
1.人稱代詞的變化
①當主句的主語是第一人稱時，引語中的人稱代詞不變。
i said, you did quite well in the exam yesterday.
→ i said that you had done quite well in the exam the day before.我說你那天考得不錯。
②直接引語中主語是第一人稱時，在改為間接引語時，其人稱與主句中的主語的人稱一致。
he said to tom, i'll do my best to catch up with others.
→ he told tom that he would do his best to catch up with others. 他告訴湯姆他將盡他所能趕上其他人。
③直接引語中主語是第二人稱時，在改為間接引語時，其人稱和主句的賓語相一致。
he said to her, where did you put the glasses
→ he asked her where she had put the glasses. 他問她，她把杯子放哪兒了。