Unit 2 Friendship-Grammar學案

一、關系代詞

　　1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時常可省略關系詞，which在從句中作賓語也可以省略。[eg：this is your book （which）you want。]而且，如果which在從句中作“不及物動詞＋介詞”的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置

　　2. which作賓語時，根據先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟

　　3. 代表物時多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等不定代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時等，這時的that常被省略 還有先行詞前有序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時,或先行詞就是序數詞或最高級時.以及先行詞中既有人又有物時.還有句中前面有which時,都只能用that

　　4. who和whom引導的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語

　　二、關系副詞

　　關系副詞=介詞+關系代詞

　　why=for which

　　where=to which

　　when=during which

　　whose=of which

　　1. where是關系副詞，用來表示地點的定語從句

　　2. when引導定語從句表示時間［注］值得一提的是，表示時間“time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導，有時不用任何關系代詞，當然也不用that引導

　　by the time you arrive in london, we will have stayed there for two weeks. i still remember the first time i met her. each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.

　　3. whose是關系代詞，修飾名詞作定語，相當于所修飾成分的前置所有格.它引導的從句可以修飾人和物, 當它引導的從句修飾物體時, 可以與 of which 調換,表達的意思一樣.

　　4. 當從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時，常用there is來引導there is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 這里有人要和你說話some exercises1.    the teacher has two children, ___ are doctors.a.both of them   b. both of the childrenc,both of whom  d. both of who2.do you still remember the chicken farm___ we visited three months ago?  a.where  b. when  c. that  d.what3.george orwell,____was eric arthur,wrote many political novels and essays. a. the real name  b. what his real name  c. his real name  d. whose real name4.madame curie,for___life had once been very hard ,was successful later.a.whom  b.whose  c.which  d.that5. women ___drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____don’t.