The violence of Nature

module 3  the violence of nature
learning paper 1  words and phrases
learning aim: to master the usage of the words and phrases in module 3
leaning methods: make full use of the textbook, the guidebook and the dictionary.
i. new words
1. _________ v.經歷 ;n.經驗，經歷
2. ____________緯度   longitude __________
3. ______________ adj.熱帶的     tropic_________
4. 猛烈的；強烈的 adj.________________ n.___________________
5. 爆發(fā)，噴發(fā) vt.____________ n._________________
6. 可能 n.__________ ; adj___________--反義詞___________
7. 幸運地，幸虧adv.__________；_______________
 
ii. 單詞釋義連線：
1. flood        a. large objects that are used in houses, like beds, tables, etc.
2. furniture    b. a mountain with a large opening at the top through which melting rocks
3. erupt        c. a great overflow of water on to a place that is usually dry
4. volcano      d. a storm with a very strong fast wind
5. hurricane    e. a continuously moving mass of liquid or gas
6. cemetery     f. to explode and throw out fire, ash, and smoke
7. current      g. a place where dead people are buried
8. disaster     h. describing the hottest parts of the earth, north and south of the equator
9. feather      i. a terrible event
10. tropical    j. you can see this on a bird

iii. 詞義辨析
1. occur; happen; take place
三者都有“發(fā)生”的含義，但具體意義不同。
(1) occur為正式用語，可指偶然發(fā)生，也可指在制定的時間發(fā)生、出現，也可指抽象事物如思想等的發(fā)生。
(2) happen為常用語，指事物或情況偶然或未能預見地發(fā)生，其后接不定式或用在it happened that...句型中，意為：恰好，碰巧，偶然。
(3) take place指“按計劃使某事或效果發(fā)生”，一般沒有偶然的意味。
如：how did the accident happen? 事故是如何發(fā)生的？
when will the wedding take place? 婚禮何時舉行？
he told me how the accident occurred.他告訴我那事故是怎樣發(fā)生的。
2. ruin; damage; destroy
三者都有“破壞，毀壞”之意，但含義不同。
ruin表示破壞嚴重，以至不能修復，強調致使該物的功能出現了問題。
damage指部分“損壞，破壞”之意，或指價值、用途降低或外表損壞等，在破壞程度上damage要小于destroy，損壞了還可修復。
destroy指“通過某種有力的或粗暴的手段使之徹底毀壞以至不能或很難修復”，有時用于比喻意義，表示希望、計劃等被打破。如：
she poured water all over my painting, and ruined it. 她把水全倒在了我的畫上，把畫毀了。
take care not to damage the timer mechanism. 當心一點，不要弄壞計時裝置。