Module7 Revision-grammar學案

定語從句（一）定語從句一般由關系代詞和關系副詞引導1、關系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as   2、關系副詞：when, where, why關系代詞和關系副詞必須位于從句之首，主句先行詞之后，起著連接先行詞和從句的作用，同時在從句中又充當句子成分。e.g. she is the girl who sings best of all.（關系代詞who在從句中作主語）the comrade with whom i came knows french.（whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語）3、關系代詞和關系副詞的用法：1）當先行詞為人時用who 作主語，whom作賓語；2）當先行詞為物或整個句子時用which ，可作主語或賓語；3）先行詞為人、物時用that ，可作主語或賓語；4）whose用作定語，可指人或物；5）關系副詞when（指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語，where（指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語），why（指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語）。（二）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句       1、限制性定語從句：從句與主句關系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。       e.g. i was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定語從句，意思就不完整）       2、非限制性定語從句：從句對先行詞關系不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號隔開，不能that用引導。e.g. tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引導非限制性定語從句，整個句子可分成兩句來翻譯）（三）使用定語從句時特別注意的幾個問題1、that與which的區別。1）用that而不用 which的情況：①先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, …；②先行詞有最高級修飾，有序數詞修飾；③先行詞有only, very, any等詞修飾；④先行詞既有人又有物時。（5）當主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句。e.g. there is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。the first place that they visited in guilin was elephant trunk hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。this is the best film that i have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。mr smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他認識的唯一的外國人。they talk about the the teachers and schools that they had visited.他們在談論他們訪問過的那些學校與老師。2）用which而不用 that的情況：①引導非限制性定語從句；②當先行詞本身就是that時。；③介詞 + 關系代詞。e.g. he had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數學考試沒有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。     this is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去年居住過的房子。that which you told him about is what we want to know.你告訴他的事情就是我們想知意的。3）as引導定語從句時的用法①as引導限制性定語從句通常用于the same … as, such … as結構中。e.g. i want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。