Unit 7 To Your Good Health教案
step 4. grammar: 現在分詞
現在分詞表示“主動和進行”，分詞可以有自己的狀語、賓語或邏輯主語等。
1.分詞作狀語分詞在句子中作狀語，可以表示時間、條件、原因、結果、讓步、伴隨等。分詞做狀語時，它的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。作狀語的分詞相當于一個狀語從句。
【例如】 hear ing the news, they all jumped with joy. using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.
the students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.given better attention, the plants could grow better.
he looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother’s illness.
分詞在句子中作狀語，使用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語的關系：主謂關系用現在分詞，動賓或被動關系 用過去分詞。
【例如】 taught by mistakes and se tbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) .inspired by the international, the working people of all countries have been fighting for their final liberation. (the working people were inspired/ inspire the working people)____the earth to be flat, many feared that columbus would fall off the edge.
a. having believed b. believing c. believed d. being believed
本句意思為：相信地球是平的，許多人擔心哥倫布會從邊上掉下去。許多人與相信之間是主謂關系，及分詞與主語之間為主謂關系。因此，應用現在分詞，答案為b。
no matter how frequently ____, the works of beethoven always attract large audiences.
a. performing b. performed c. to be performed d. being performed
本句中貝多芬的作品被反復表演，可見分詞與句子的主語之間是被動關系，應該用過去分詞，故答案為b。
____ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.
a. being published b. published c. publishing d. to be published
本句中as引導的是讓步狀語從句，意思為：他的作品盡管在被這樣的時候出版，還是引起了關注，可見分詞與句子的主語之間是被動關系，應該用過去分詞，故答案為b.
2.“while ( when, once, until, if , though等連詞)＋分詞”結構現在分詞或過去分詞作狀語時，有時可以在分詞前加while，when, once, although, until, if等連詞。
【例如】 when leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.while waiting for the train, i had a long talk with my sister about her work..
once recovered, he threw himselfsintoshis work and made every effort to do it well.
although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam.if translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
3. 分詞作定語分詞作定語時，單個的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面。現在分詞修飾的是發出該動作的名詞(即與名詞有主謂關系)，過去分詞修飾承受該動作的名詞(即與名詞是動賓關系)。