定語從句

主謂一致 知識總結歸納（一）概述： 主語與謂語的一致：在英語表達中，謂語動詞的形式要和主語的人稱和數保持一致。主要體現在be動詞，助動詞do, have 以及一般現在時態中的動詞形式。謂語動詞與主語保持一致的基本原則：語法一致，就近一致和意義一致。名詞或代詞做主語有人稱和單，復數之分，動詞的單數就是第三人稱單數形式，而動詞的復數形式即動詞的原形。例句：1. i am seventeen, and he is sixteen. 2. there is a desk in the room, but there are no chairs in it. 3. john gets up at six o’clock every morning. 4. what is the latest news about the olympic games ? 5. the family are sitting at the breakfast table. （二）語法一致： 1. 由and連接的兩個名詞或代詞做主語： （1）這部分主語表示的是兩個人或兩件不同的事物，謂語動詞用復數形式。 例句： ① my brother and i have both seen that film. ② both rice and wheat are grown in this part of china. ③ the poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting. ④ reading, writing and arithmetic are called the three r’s. （2）這部分主語表示具有兩個身份或性質的同一個人或一個完整的事物，謂語動詞用單數形式。 例句： ① the professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. ② war and peace is a constant theme in history. ③ one more knife and fork is needed. ④ the statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life. ⑤ law and order has been established. ⑥ bread and butter is our daily food. ⑦ fish and chips is a popular fast food. ⑧ the stars and stripes is the national flag of u.s.a. （3）這部分主語前面有each, every, many a, no 等修飾時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式。 例句： ① each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt. ② no sound and no voice is heard. ③ many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. ④ every minute and every second is precious. 2. 動名詞，不定式，主語從句做主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。 例句： ① reading is a great pleasure in life. ② to live means to create. ③ that we need more time is obvious. ④ what is needed is food and medicine. 3. 表示時間，金錢，距離，重量的復數名詞表示數量做主語時，被視為一個整體，謂語動詞用單數形式。 例句： ① three thousand miles is a long distance. ② eight hours of sleep is enough. 4. 不定代詞anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。 例句： ① is anybody going to tell him the news ? ② someone wants to see you. （三）就近原則 由連詞or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 連接的兩個名詞或代詞做主語時，謂語動詞和離它最近的哪個名詞或代詞的人稱和數一致。 例句： 1. either you or jean is to be sent to new zealand. 2. not only his family but also he likes chaplin’s movies. 3. neither tom nor the browns enjoy their journey to beijing owing to the bad weather. 4. george or tom is wanted. 注意：there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一個名詞的數決定。 例句： 1. there aren’t any letters in the mail for you today. 2. there is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk. 3. here are some envelopes and paper for you. 名詞后面帶有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短語共同做主語時，謂語動詞與這些短語前面的那個名詞的數一致。 例句： 1. all but one were here just now. 2. a library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift. 3. an expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work. 4. you as well as i are wrong.