My First Ride on a Train教學案
(4) how he loves his country!
三、語法詳解
一、動詞的過去分詞
過去分詞是動詞的另一種非限定形式。從性質上它相當于形容詞和副詞,在句子中可以作表語、定語、賓補和狀語。
(1)本模塊主要學習過去分詞作定語的用法。過去分詞作定語時,它和它所修飾的詞之間是一種被動或完成的關系。
a fallen tree 一棵倒下的樹
trained camels 受過訓練的駱駝
a book written by lu xun魯迅寫的一本書
(2)單個的過去分詞作定語放在它所修飾的詞之前,分詞短語作定語放在所修飾的詞之后。
a polluted river 一條被污染的河流
meals cooked by experts 烹飪大師做的飯菜
(3)過去分詞作定語意思上相當于一個定語從句。
buses numbered 1 to 100 are limited to travel within the city center.
=buses which are numbered 1 to 100 are limited to travel within the city center.
標號為1~100的公交車只能在市中心運行。
二、一般過去時
(1)一般過去時主要表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態。
their children often went hungry in the old days.
在舊社會,他們的孩子經常挨餓。
(2)與一般過去時連用的時間狀語
①可以用一些表達過去時間的時間狀語表達,如:a minute ago,last year,yesterday,in 1992,during the night,in those days,at midnight 等。例如:
john was here two minutes ago.
兩分鐘前約翰在這兒。
②可以用一些表達過去意義的時間狀語從句來表達。例如:
when his mother died,he was only five years old.
他母親死的時候他才五歲。
though he was in his early twenties,he cooked dinner himself.
雖然他才剛二十出頭,但他不得不自己養活自己。
③可以用一些表達“現在意義”的時間狀語來表達,但它并不把這一“現在時間”包括在內。例如:
did you see him today?
今天你見過他么?
he went to japan this year.
今年他去了日本。
④有時候句中沒有時間狀語,但實際上是過去發生的,應當用過去時。這是近幾年的熱點。例如:
i didn’t know you were also invited to the party.
我不知道你也被邀請參加晚會了。(現在已經知道了)
i didn’t expect to meet you here.
沒想到在這兒碰見你。
單項填空
(1)the dam ______on the yangtze river has provided enough energy to the cent ral part of china.
a.being built______
b.building
c.built
d.to be built
提示:本題考查的是過去分詞作定語的用法。a項表示正在被修建;b項表示主動關系,大壩應該是被修建;d 項表示將要被修建。只有b項表示已經在長江上建成的大壩。
答案:c
(2)a television programme ______“kim’ll fix it” invites viewers to say what they really want to do.
a.being called
b.having called
c.calling
d.called
提示:此題考查分詞作定語。根據句子結構分析,空格處應是定語,修飾前面的programme,表達被動關系。a項雖是被動形式,但它表示“進行”,b項和c項表示“主動”。句意是:一個叫做“kim’ll fix it”的電視節目邀請觀眾說出他們真正想做的事情。
答案:d