Unit 22 A world of fun
1.相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句.
being ill(=as she was ill),she didn’t go to school today.
今天她生病了,所以沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué).
如果動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生,就需要用完成形式.
e.g.not having received(=as i had not received) an answer,i wrote to him again.
因?yàn)闆](méi)有接到回信,我又給他寫(xiě)了信.
2.相當(dāng)于when等引導(dǎo)的從句.
hearing the good news (when he heard the good news),he jumped with joy.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)好消息,他高興得跑了起來(lái).
如果動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,常在短語(yǔ)前加上when或while.
e.g.be careful when crossing the street.
過(guò)街時(shí)當(dāng)心.
when going to school,i met mary.
上學(xué)時(shí)我遇見(jiàn)了瑪麗.
如果動(dòng)詞-ing表示的動(dòng)作完成后,謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作才發(fā)生,此時(shí)分詞用完成形式.
e.g.having finished his work(=after he finished his work),henry went home.
亨利做完工作后就回家了.
3.表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明等.
e.g.laughing and talking,they went into the room.
他們又說(shuō)又笑地走進(jìn)房間.
4.表示結(jié)果.
e.g.her mother died in 1969,leaving her with four younger brothers and sisters.
1969年她母親死了,給她丟下4個(gè)弟妹.
5.表示條件.
e.g.turning to the right(= if you turn to the right),you will find the place you want.
往右轉(zhuǎn),你就會(huì)找到你要找的地方了.
6.表讓步狀語(yǔ).
e.g.knowing all this,they still insisted on my paying for the damage.
雖然知道這一點(diǎn),他們?nèi)匀粓?jiān)持要求賠償損失.
【閱讀分析點(diǎn)撥】
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由名詞或代詞加上其他成分(分詞、不定式、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ))構(gòu)成,在語(yǔ)法上,是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的短語(yǔ)不是句子,在意思上依附于整個(gè)句子,具有以下特點(diǎn):
(1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的作用相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句,可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況;
(2)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可置于句首,也可以放在句尾;
(3)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書(shū)面語(yǔ);
(4)獨(dú)立主格的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句中主語(yǔ)不同,不指同一個(gè)人或同一事物.
1.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成
(1)with/without+名詞/代詞(賓格)+分詞.
e.g.with him sitting next to her,she felt safe.
有他坐在身旁,她感到很安全.
(2)名詞(或代詞主格)(邏輯主語(yǔ))+分詞.
e.g.homework finished,he went to bed.
家庭作業(yè)做完后,他上床睡覺(jué).
(3)名詞(邏輯主語(yǔ))+介詞短語(yǔ)/形容詞/副詞
e.g.he walked out of the room,face with anger.
他走出房間,臉上帶著憤怒.
2.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能
(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).
e.g.the meeting over,they left the hall.
會(huì)議結(jié)束之后,他們離開(kāi)了大廳.
(2)原因狀語(yǔ).
e.g.my watch having been lost,i don’t know what time it is.
我的表丟了,我不知道現(xiàn)在是幾點(diǎn).
(3)條件狀語(yǔ).
e.g.time permitting,i shall go to the cinema with you.
如果時(shí)間允許,我就和你去看電影.
(4)描述伴隨行為或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明.
e.g.mary entered the room,with a big apple in hand.
瑪麗手里拿著一個(gè)大蘋(píng)果走進(jìn)了房間.