人教新課標(biāo):必修4 Unit3 單元重點(diǎn)輔導(dǎo)(通用3篇)
人教新課標(biāo):必修4 Unit3 單元重點(diǎn)輔導(dǎo) 篇1
人教新課標(biāo):必修4 unit3 單元重點(diǎn)輔導(dǎo)
一、日常口語突破
情感
(1)— what do you think of the lecture? 你認(rèn)為那講座如何呀?
— how wonderful. 好極了。
(2)— the party is so fun. 晚會是那么有趣。
— i‘m pleased you are amused at it. 很高興你被它逗樂了。
二、核心單詞例析
1. astonish vt 使驚訝(= surprise sb. greatly)
the earthquake astonished the whole country. 這次地震震驚了全國。
辨析:astonishing adj.令人震驚的;astonished adj.感到驚呀的
2. particular 非一般的,特別的,特殊的
he left for no particular reason. 他無緣無故就走了。
to jane, her diary is a particular friend. 對簡來說,日記是她的特殊朋友。
搭配:in particular =especially特別是
3. entertain vt. & vi. 使歡樂, 招待, 款待
we were all entertained by his humorous stories. 他的幽默故事使我們大家都很開心。
they often entertained their friends at weekends. 他們常在周末招待朋友。
i don‘t entertain very often. 我不常在家請客。
派生:entertaining adj. 使人愉快的,有趣:his entertaining silent movies他那逗樂的無聲電影,an entertaining story/guess一個有趣的故事/客人。
4. throughout prep. 遍及, 貫穿adv. 到處, 始終, 全部
it rained throughout the night. 雨下了一整夜。
i watched the film and cried throughout. 我看那個電影時從頭哭到尾。
5. failure n.失敗(不可數(shù));失敗的經(jīng)歷,失敗的人或事(可數(shù))
failure is the mother of success. 失敗是成功之母。
i became successful after many failures. 在多次失敗后,我終于成功了。
she was a failure as a manager. 她是一個不稱職的經(jīng)理。
6. overcome v. 克服,戰(zhàn)勝(defeat);找到解決……的辦法)
he has overcome the bad habit of smoking. 他改掉了吸煙的壞習(xí)慣。
after hours of hard working, they overcame the difficulty. 經(jīng)過幾個小時的努力,他們終于把這難題解決了。
搭配:be overcome with /by因……不能自持
he was overcome by the heat. 他熱得受不了。
7. fortunate adj. 幸運(yùn)的,交好運(yùn)的(=lucky)
he is a fortunate man (=a lucky dog)。 他是個幸運(yùn)的人。
i was fortunate to have a good teacher. 我很幸運(yùn),有位好老師。
派生:fortunately adv.幸好(=luckily常置于句首);unfortunate adj. 不幸的(=unlucky) ;unfortunately adv. 不幸的是(=unluckily);fortune n. 運(yùn)氣,財(cái)富,巨款
8. mouthful n. 一口, 滿口
i‘m so full i couldn’t eat another mouthful. 我吃得太飽了,一口也不能多吃了。
he took a mouthful of fresh air. 他吸一口新鮮空氣。
注:不要因以ful結(jié)尾而誤以為是形容詞,這類名詞還有handful(一把)等。
9. direct vt. & vi. 導(dǎo)演,指示, 指揮adj. 直接的adv. 直接地
chaplin directed the film. 卓別林導(dǎo)演這部電影。
he took a direct flight to new york. 他直飛紐約。
we flew direct from london to new york. 我們直接從倫敦飛到紐約。
10. outstanding adj. 突出的, 杰出的,顯著的
she is an outstanding actress. 她是一個杰出的演員。
he has many outstanding gifts. 他多才多藝。
12. sense n. 官能,感覺,理性vt. 感覺到,理解
she has no sense of time. 她沒有時間觀念。
he has a good sense of smell. 他的嗅覺很靈敏。
your brother has a good sense of humor. 你兄弟很有幽默感。
the dog sensed that i was afraid. 這只狗感覺到我害怕了。
三、關(guān)鍵短語精講
1. be content(=satisfied) with…/to do…對……感到滿意/滿足的
he was content with his work. 他對自己的工作很滿意。
the old man seems content to live here. 這個老人似乎很樂意住在這里。
注:content是表語形容詞,若需作定語,可用contented,如a contented person /smile心滿意足的人/微笑。
2. badly off 窮的,缺少的,處境差
比較級:worse off境況更差,更窮困
反義詞:well off富裕,處境好(比較級:better off)
i am quite badly off recently. 最近我經(jīng)濟(jì)上很拮據(jù)。
his health is worse off than before. 他的身體比以前更糟糕。
he is quite well off, i hear. 我聽說他相當(dāng)富裕。
he is much better off than i am. 他的日子比我寬裕得多。
注:well-to-do life或a better-off life小康生活;well-off family小康之家
3. pick out挑選出,認(rèn)出,弄懂
please pick out the books that you‘d like to read. 請把你想看的書選出來。
can you pick out your sister in this crowd? 你能在這人群中認(rèn)出你姐姐來嗎?
the box was so dirty that we couldn‘t pick out the directions on the label. 盒子太臟,我們看不清標(biāo)簽上的說明。
真題:this picture was taken a long time ago. i wonder if you can ________my father. (湖北)
a. find out b. pick out c. look out d. speak out
解析:表示從人群中“辨認(rèn)出”,用pick out,故選b.
4. cut off切斷,割下;隔開,斷絕;停止供應(yīng)
mind you don‘t cut your fingers off. 小心別切斷手指頭。
she feels very cut off living in the country. 她感到生活在鄉(xiāng)間很閉塞。
our water supply has been cut off. 我們斷水了。
真題:he was in hospital for six months. he felt as if he was ______from the outside world. (安徽)
a. cut out b. cut off c. cut up d. cut through
解析:表示與外界“隔絕”,用cut off (from…),故選b.
5. star in 主演,在……中擔(dān)任主角
she has starred in some thirty films. 她主演過大約三十部影片。
6. knock into撞上,撞見
the boy knocked into her. 那個男孩撞到了她身上。
i knocked into an old friend of mine in the park. 我昨天在公園里碰見一位老朋友。
7. bump into 碰上,偶遇,邂逅(= meet sb. /sth. by chance)
i bumped into an old friend of mine in the street yesterday.我昨天在街上遇到一個老朋友。
the bus bumped into the car in front.巴士撞上了前面那輛汽車。
8. in search of 尋找,尋求
they came here in search of new markets for their products. 他們來此為他們的產(chǎn)品尋找新市場。
they started off at once in search of (=in their search for) the missing girl. 他們立刻動身尋找那個失蹤的女孩。
注:若名詞search前有物主代詞或冠詞等限定詞時,多用介詞for.
9. be/get caught in a rain / traffic jam遇上雨/交通阻塞
we got caught in the storm. 我們碰上暴雨了。
caught in a rain, he was wet all over. 淋到了一場雨,他全身都濕了。
i was caught in the traffic jam. that‘s why i was late. 我遇上阻車了,這就是我遲到的原因。
10. as if = as though 好像 似乎
as if 引導(dǎo)狀語或表語從句時,從句內(nèi)容若是事實(shí)用陳述語氣,若不是事實(shí)就用虛擬語氣(be一般用were)。如:
she talked to me in such a way as if we were sisters. 她那樣對我說話,就好像我們是姐妹一樣。
he opened his mouth as if (he was) to speak. 他張開嘴好像要說話。
四、重要句型詳解
1. all(指事物)+定語從句
指事物的all后只能由that引導(dǎo)定語從句;all后接定語從句時常常有這樣兩個意思:the only thing或everything.如:
…and all there is to eat is a boiled shoe. 身邊所有能吃的東西只是一只煮了的鞋子。
he took all there was. 他把所械畝寄萌チ恕?/p>
all i want is peace and quiet. 我所要的只是安寧。
2. i will be better off if…要是……我的境況就更好了。
i will be better off if i have enough money because i can buy a computer for my lessons. 我要是有錢,我的境況就更好了,因?yàn)槲铱梢再I臺電腦來做功課。
五、課文難句剖析
1. do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road?
剖析:(1)句中find 后的it為形式賓語, 形容詞funny是賓補(bǔ),不定式to see…in the road為真正的賓語;(2)作主語的不定式中有see sb. doing句型,sliding…bumping…falling三個現(xiàn)在分詞短語都作someone的補(bǔ)足語;(3)要明白三個詞的意思:bump into撞到,碰上;around the corner在拐角處;fall down掉下,倒下。
譯文:你看到有人被香蕉皮滑倒,或看到有人在拐角處撞到另外一個人,或看到有人掉進(jìn)路邊一個洞里時,你會覺得滑稽可笑嗎?
2. however, some actors can astonish us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us for a character they are playing.
剖析:(that) they can inspire in us是定語從句,修飾the deep feeling,意為“在我們身上鼓動起來的深深情感”;(that) they are playing也是定語從句,修飾a character,意為“因?yàn)?用他們所演的角色”。inspire…in sb. 鼓動起/激起/喚起某人的……
譯文:然而,有些演員能用他們所演的角色在我們身上鼓動起來的深深情感震撼我們。
3. he played a poor and homeless person, who wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat and carried a walking stick.
剖析:這是個長句,who引導(dǎo)一個較長的非限制性定語從句; a small round black hat中的hat前有“大小+形狀+顏色”三個形容詞作定語,在英語中多個形容詞修飾名詞時的順序是:描繪+大小(長短,高低)+形狀+年齡(新舊)+顏色+國籍或產(chǎn)地+物質(zhì)材料+用途+名詞。
譯文:他扮演的是一位窮苦的無家可歸的人,穿著大褲子,破鞋子,頭頂著黑色的小圓帽,手里拿著一根手杖。
六、語法知識歸納
1. 動詞-ing形式作表語
(1)動名詞作表語,說明主語的內(nèi)容,指一般性、經(jīng)常性的動作。如:
his job is teaching english. 他的工作是教英語。(可以說成teaching english is his job.)
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語,相當(dāng)于形容詞,說明主語的性質(zhì);可有比較形式,亦可被very等副詞所修飾。如:
he was very amusing. 他很有趣。
skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比溜冰更刺激。
2. 動詞-ing形式作定語
(1)動名詞作定語表示所修飾名詞的功能;被修飾的名詞與動名詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系;可用“名詞+for+動名詞”來表達(dá);動名詞通常只能位于所修飾的名詞前。如:
a swimming pool (=a pool for swimming) 游泳池
a walking stick (=a stick for walking) 手杖
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)或動作;被修飾的名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系;可換成定語從句來表達(dá);單個的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,常置于被修飾的名詞的前面;現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語,須置于被修飾名詞的后面。如:
nobody can stop the running horse (=the horse that is running)。 沒有人能阻止那匹奔馬。(horse與running在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系)
i know the man standing there (=who is standing there.)。 我認(rèn)識站在那兒的那個人。(the man與standing there在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系)
3. 動詞-ing形式用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
(1)動詞-ing形式用作賓語補(bǔ)足語,賓語與補(bǔ)足語有主動關(guān)系,表示“動作正在發(fā)生(即處于發(fā)生的過程中)”。如:
she caught them stealing her apples. 她撞見他們偷她的蘋果。(them與stealing有主動關(guān)系;在“撞見”時,正在偷)
(2)試比較以下句子:
i saw the boy climb the wall. 我看見小孩爬墻。(強(qiáng)調(diào)爬墻這件事)
i saw the boy climbing the wall. 我看見小孩正在爬墻。(強(qiáng)調(diào)爬墻的情景)
七、背景知識介紹
查理-卓別林是著名的喜劇大師,他豐富的肢體語言使他在整個默片時代成為備受矚目的風(fēng)云人物,也是默片時代的巨星。他所創(chuàng)造出來的流浪漢夏洛特的形象是家喻戶曉,他擅長塑造小人物,通過他們的遭遇來諷刺生活的現(xiàn)實(shí)。他的喜劇不但引人發(fā)笑,而且引人深思,有深刻的內(nèi)涵。
1889年4月16日,卓別林誕生在英國倫敦的一個貧民區(qū)。他的父母都是喜劇演員,經(jīng)常在倫敦的游藝場里演出。后來父母離異,生活十分貧苦。由于過度勞累,母親染上了喉炎,卓別林五歲那年,母親在一次演唱時,由于嗓音過于微弱,被觀眾哄下了舞臺。管事靈機(jī)一動,讓卓別林代替母親演出,卓別林故意用沙啞的嗓子學(xué)媽媽唱歌,沒想到觀眾卻大為欣賞,報以熱烈的掌聲。此后,卓別林就開始了他用肢體演出的生涯。
1977年12月25日,喜劇大師卓別林在瑞士科西耶逝世。
人教新課標(biāo):必修4 Unit3 單元重點(diǎn)輔導(dǎo) 篇2
人教新課標(biāo):必修4 unit3 單元重點(diǎn)輔導(dǎo)
一、日常口語突破
情感
(1)— what do you think of the lecture? 你認(rèn)為那講座如何呀?
— how wonderful. 好極了。
(2)— the party is so fun. 晚會是那么有趣。
— i‘m pleased you are amused at it. 很高興你被它逗樂了。
二、核心單詞例析
1. astonish vt 使驚訝(= surprise sb. greatly)
the earthquake astonished the whole country. 這次地震震驚了全國。
辨析:astonishing adj.令人震驚的;astonished adj.感到驚呀的
2. particular 非一般的,特別的,特殊的
he left for no particular reason. 他無緣無故就走了。
to jane, her diary is a particular friend. 對簡來說,日記是她的特殊朋友。
搭配:in particular =especially特別是
3. entertain vt. & vi. 使歡樂, 招待, 款待
we were all entertained by his humorous stories. 他的幽默故事使我們大家都很開心。
they often entertained their friends at weekends. 他們常在周末招待朋友。
i don‘t entertain very often. 我不常在家請客。
派生:entertaining adj. 使人愉快的,有趣:his entertaining silent movies他那逗樂的無聲電影,an entertaining story/guess一個有趣的故事/客人。
4. throughout prep. 遍及, 貫穿adv. 到處, 始終, 全部
it rained throughout the night. 雨下了一整夜。
i watched the film and cried throughout. 我看那個電影時從頭哭到尾。
5. failure n.失敗(不可數(shù));失敗的經(jīng)歷,失敗的人或事(可數(shù))
failure is the mother of success. 失敗是成功之母。
i became successful after many failures. 在多次失敗后,我終于成功了。
she was a failure as a manager. 她是一個不稱職的經(jīng)理。
6. overcome v. 克服,戰(zhàn)勝(defeat);找到解決……的辦法)
he has overcome the bad habit of smoking. 他改掉了吸煙的壞習(xí)慣。
after hours of hard working, they overcame the difficulty. 經(jīng)過幾個小時的努力,他們終于把這難題解決了。
搭配:be overcome with /by因……不能自持
he was overcome by the heat. 他熱得受不了。
7. fortunate adj. 幸運(yùn)的,交好運(yùn)的(=lucky)
he is a fortunate man (=a lucky dog)。 他是個幸運(yùn)的人。
i was fortunate to have a good teacher. 我很幸運(yùn),有位好老師。
派生:fortunately adv.幸好(=luckily常置于句首);unfortunate adj. 不幸的(=unlucky) ;unfortunately adv. 不幸的是(=unluckily);fortune n. 運(yùn)氣,財(cái)富,巨款
8. mouthful n. 一口, 滿口
i‘m so full i couldn’t eat another mouthful. 我吃得太飽了,一口也不能多吃了。
he took a mouthful of fresh air. 他吸一口新鮮空氣。
注:不要因以ful結(jié)尾而誤以為是形容詞,這類名詞還有handful(一把)等。
9. direct vt. & vi. 導(dǎo)演,指示, 指揮adj. 直接的adv. 直接地
chaplin directed the film. 卓別林導(dǎo)演這部電影。
he took a direct flight to new york. 他直飛紐約。
we flew direct from london to new york. 我們直接從倫敦飛到紐約。
10. outstanding adj. 突出的, 杰出的,顯著的
she is an outstanding actress. 她是一個杰出的演員。
he has many outstanding gifts. 他多才多藝。
12. sense n. 官能,感覺,理性vt. 感覺到,理解
she has no sense of time. 她沒有時間觀念。
he has a good sense of smell. 他的嗅覺很靈敏。
your brother has a good sense of humor. 你兄弟很有幽默感。
the dog sensed that i was afraid. 這只狗感覺到我害怕了。
三、關(guān)鍵短語精講
1. be content(=satisfied) with…/to do…對……感到滿意/滿足的
he was content with his work. 他對自己的工作很滿意。
the old man seems content to live here. 這個老人似乎很樂意住在這里。
注:content是表語形容詞,若需作定語,可用contented,如a contented person /smile心滿意足的人/微笑。
2. badly off 窮的,缺少的,處境差
比較級:worse off境況更差,更窮困
反義詞:well off富裕,處境好(比較級:better off)
i am quite badly off recently. 最近我經(jīng)濟(jì)上很拮據(jù)。
his health is worse off than before. 他的身體比以前更糟糕。
he is quite well off, i hear. 我聽說他相當(dāng)富裕。
he is much better off than i am. 他的日子比我寬裕得多。
注:well-to-do life或a better-off life小康生活;well-off family小康之家
3. pick out挑選出,認(rèn)出,弄懂
please pick out the books that you‘d like to read. 請把你想看的書選出來。
can you pick out your sister in this crowd? 你能在這人群中認(rèn)出你姐姐來嗎?
the box was so dirty that we couldn‘t pick out the directions on the label. 盒子太臟,我們看不清標(biāo)簽上的說明。
真題:this picture was taken a long time ago. i wonder if you can ________my father. (湖北)
a. find out b. pick out c. look out d. speak out
解析:表示從人群中“辨認(rèn)出”,用pick out,故選b.
4. cut off切斷,割下;隔開,斷絕;停止供應(yīng)
mind you don‘t cut your fingers off. 小心別切斷手指頭。
she feels very cut off living in the country. 她感到生活在鄉(xiāng)間很閉塞。
our water supply has been cut off. 我們斷水了。
真題:he was in hospital for six months. he felt as if he was ______from the outside world. (安徽)
a. cut out b. cut off c. cut up d. cut through
解析:表示與外界“隔絕”,用cut off (from…),故選b.
5. star in 主演,在……中擔(dān)任主角
she has starred in some thirty films. 她主演過大約三十部影片。
6. knock into撞上,撞見
the boy knocked into her. 那個男孩撞到了她身上。
i knocked into an old friend of mine in the park. 我昨天在公園里碰見一位老朋友。
7. bump into 碰上,偶遇,邂逅(= meet sb. /sth. by chance)
i bumped into an old friend of mine in the street yesterday.我昨天在街上遇到一個老朋友。
the bus bumped into the car in front.巴士撞上了前面那輛汽車。
8. in search of 尋找,尋求
they came here in search of new markets for their products. 他們來此為他們的產(chǎn)品尋找新市場。
they started off at once in search of (=in their search for) the missing girl. 他們立刻動身尋找那個失蹤的女孩。
注:若名詞search前有物主代詞或冠詞等限定詞時,多用介詞for.
9. be/get caught in a rain / traffic jam遇上雨/交通阻塞
we got caught in the storm. 我們碰上暴雨了。
caught in a rain, he was wet all over. 淋到了一場雨,他全身都濕了。
i was caught in the traffic jam. that‘s why i was late. 我遇上阻車了,這就是我遲到的原因。
10. as if = as though 好像 似乎
as if 引導(dǎo)狀語或表語從句時,從句內(nèi)容若是事實(shí)用陳述語氣,若不是事實(shí)就用虛擬語氣(be一般用were)。如:
she talked to me in such a way as if we were sisters. 她那樣對我說話,就好像我們是姐妹一樣。
he opened his mouth as if (he was) to speak. 他張開嘴好像要說話。
四、重要句型詳解
1. all(指事物)+定語從句
指事物的all后只能由that引導(dǎo)定語從句;all后接定語從句時常常有這樣兩個意思:the only thing或everything.如:
…and all there is to eat is a boiled shoe. 身邊所有能吃的東西只是一只煮了的鞋子。
he took all there was. 他把所械畝寄萌チ恕?/p>
all i want is peace and quiet. 我所要的只是安寧。
2. i will be better off if…要是……我的境況就更好了。
i will be better off if i have enough money because i can buy a computer for my lessons. 我要是有錢,我的境況就更好了,因?yàn)槲铱梢再I臺電腦來做功課。
五、課文難句剖析
1. do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road?
剖析:(1)句中find 后的it為形式賓語, 形容詞funny是賓補(bǔ),不定式to see…in the road為真正的賓語;(2)作主語的不定式中有see sb. doing句型,sliding…bumping…falling三個現(xiàn)在分詞短語都作someone的補(bǔ)足語;(3)要明白三個詞的意思:bump into撞到,碰上;around the corner在拐角處;fall down掉下,倒下。
譯文:你看到有人被香蕉皮滑倒,或看到有人在拐角處撞到另外一個人,或看到有人掉進(jìn)路邊一個洞里時,你會覺得滑稽可笑嗎?
2. however, some actors can astonish us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us for a character they are playing.
剖析:(that) they can inspire in us是定語從句,修飾the deep feeling,意為“在我們身上鼓動起來的深深情感”;(that) they are playing也是定語從句,修飾a character,意為“因?yàn)?用他們所演的角色”。inspire…in sb. 鼓動起/激起/喚起某人的……
譯文:然而,有些演員能用他們所演的角色在我們身上鼓動起來的深深情感震撼我們。
3. he played a poor and homeless person, who wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat and carried a walking stick.
剖析:這是個長句,who引導(dǎo)一個較長的非限制性定語從句; a small round black hat中的hat前有“大小+形狀+顏色”三個形容詞作定語,在英語中多個形容詞修飾名詞時的順序是:描繪+大小(長短,高低)+形狀+年齡(新舊)+顏色+國籍或產(chǎn)地+物質(zhì)材料+用途+名詞。
譯文:他扮演的是一位窮苦的無家可歸的人,穿著大褲子,破鞋子,頭頂著黑色的小圓帽,手里拿著一根手杖。
六、語法知識歸納
1. 動詞-ing形式作表語
(1)動名詞作表語,說明主語的內(nèi)容,指一般性、經(jīng)常性的動作。如:
his job is teaching english. 他的工作是教英語。(可以說成teaching english is his job.)
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語,相當(dāng)于形容詞,說明主語的性質(zhì);可有比較形式,亦可被very等副詞所修飾。如:
he was very amusing. 他很有趣。
skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比溜冰更刺激。
2. 動詞-ing形式作定語
(1)動名詞作定語表示所修飾名詞的功能;被修飾的名詞與動名詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系;可用“名詞+for+動名詞”來表達(dá);動名詞通常只能位于所修飾的名詞前。如:
a swimming pool (=a pool for swimming) 游泳池
a walking stick (=a stick for walking) 手杖
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)或動作;被修飾的名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系;可換成定語從句來表達(dá);單個的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,常置于被修飾的名詞的前面;現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語,須置于被修飾名詞的后面。如:
nobody can stop the running horse (=the horse that is running)。 沒有人能阻止那匹奔馬。(horse與running在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系)
i know the man standing there (=who is standing there.)。 我認(rèn)識站在那兒的那個人。(the man與standing there在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系)
3. 動詞-ing形式用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
(1)動詞-ing形式用作賓語補(bǔ)足語,賓語與補(bǔ)足語有主動關(guān)系,表示“動作正在發(fā)生(即處于發(fā)生的過程中)”。如:
she caught them stealing her apples. 她撞見他們偷她的蘋果。(them與stealing有主動關(guān)系;在“撞見”時,正在偷)
(2)試比較以下句子:
i saw the boy climb the wall. 我看見小孩爬墻。(強(qiáng)調(diào)爬墻這件事)
i saw the boy climbing the wall. 我看見小孩正在爬墻。(強(qiáng)調(diào)爬墻的情景)
七、背景知識介紹
查理-卓別林是著名的喜劇大師,他豐富的肢體語言使他在整個默片時代成為備受矚目的風(fēng)云人物,也是默片時代的巨星。他所創(chuàng)造出來的流浪漢夏洛特的形象是家喻戶曉,他擅長塑造小人物,通過他們的遭遇來諷刺生活的現(xiàn)實(shí)。他的喜劇不但引人發(fā)笑,而且引人深思,有深刻的內(nèi)涵。
1889年4月16日,卓別林誕生在英國倫敦的一個貧民區(qū)。他的父母都是喜劇演員,經(jīng)常在倫敦的游藝場里演出。后來父母離異,生活十分貧苦。由于過度勞累,母親染上了喉炎,卓別林五歲那年,母親在一次演唱時,由于嗓音過于微弱,被觀眾哄下了舞臺。管事靈機(jī)一動,讓卓別林代替母親演出,卓別林故意用沙啞的嗓子學(xué)媽媽唱歌,沒想到觀眾卻大為欣賞,報以熱烈的掌聲。此后,卓別林就開始了他用肢體演出的生涯。
1977年12月25日,喜劇大師卓別林在瑞士科西耶逝世。
人教新課標(biāo):必修4 Unit3 單元重點(diǎn)輔導(dǎo) 篇3
人教新課標(biāo):必修4 unit2 單元重點(diǎn)輔導(dǎo)
一、日常口語突破
建議與應(yīng)答
①—how about going out for a walk after class?下課后出去散步好嗎?
—i‘d prefer to stay at home because it is raining. 因天下雨,我寧愿呆在家里。
②—would you rather go to the movie tonight with us? 你愿意今晚和我們一起去看電影嗎?
—i think i‘d better look after my sick father at home. 我想最好還是在家照顧生病的父親。
二、核心單詞例析
1. struggle vi. & vt. 努力,拼搏,斗爭
struggle to do sth (=make great efforts to do sth.)努力做某事
…h(huán)e has struggled for the past five decades to help them.他在過去50年來一直在努力幫助他們。
she struggled to keep back the tears. 她努力忍住淚水。
搭配:struggle for爭奪;struggle with /against同……斗爭
2. equip vi. & vt. 使(某人)具備條件;裝備,配備
(1)equip sb. for/to do sth.使某人具備做某事的條件,使某人能夠做某事
your training will equip you for your future job. 你的訓(xùn)練使得你能夠勝任將來的工作。
your education will equip you to earn a good living. 你受的教育能夠使你能謀上好生計(jì)。
(2)equip…with…用……裝備……
he equipped his bike with a head light. 他給自行車裝上了前燈。
we should equip our children with a good education. 我們應(yīng)讓孩子應(yīng)到良好的教育。
3. confuse vt. 使某人迷惑;把某事搞亂
they confused me by asking so many questions. 他們提了一大堆問題上,把我弄糊涂了。
her unexpected arrival confused all our plans. 她的突然到來把我們的計(jì)劃全打亂了。
don‘t confuse austria with /and australia. 不要把奧地利和澳大利亞弄混了。
比較:confused感到迷惑的;confusing令人迷惑的
4. reduce vt. 減少, 縮小, 簡化
he is trying to reduce expenses. 他正試圖減少開支。
we must gradually reduce the wage gap. 我們必須縮小工資差別。
同義:bring down, cut, cut down 降低,削減
5. supply n.& vt. 供應(yīng),補(bǔ)給
we have a good supply of water here. 我們這里供水充足。
the water supply to the room failed. 這個房間的供水中斷了。
we supply the market with fruits and vegetables. 我們?yōu)槭袌鎏峁┧褪卟恕?/p>
we supply power to the three nearby towns. 我們對附近的三個城鎮(zhèn)提供電力。
注:作名詞時一般是不可數(shù)名詞,但有修飾語時可加不定冠詞;另外,表示“供應(yīng)品,日用品”等時常用復(fù)數(shù)。如medical supplies醫(yī)療用品,office supplies辦公用品。
6. whatever
(1)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 (=no matter what)
whatever you say, i won‘t believe you. 無論你說什么,我都不信。
you have to go on, whatever difficulties you meet. 不管你碰到什么困難,你都要繼續(xù)干。
(2)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句[=any (thing) (that)]
whatever she did was right. 凡是她所做的都是正確的。
one should stick to whatever one has begun. 應(yīng)當(dāng)持之以恒。
真題:the poor young man is ready to accept ______help he can get. (全國)
a. whichever b. however c. whatever d. whenever
解析:因選項(xiàng)b和d不能作定語,應(yīng)排除;沒有選擇范圍,排除選項(xiàng)a;選c,whatever=any(任何)。
7. export vi. & vt. 輸出,出口
we export rice but import wheat. 我們出口稻米,但進(jìn)口小麥。
our factory exports to southeast asia. 我廠向東南亞出口產(chǎn)品。
8. suitable adj. 合適的,適當(dāng)?shù)模嗯涞?/p>
this toy is not suitable for young children. 這個玩具不適合小小孩玩。
i don‘t think she is suitable for the job. 我認(rèn)為她不適合這個工作。
this wine is not suitable to my taste. 這酒不合我的胃口。
同義:be suitable for =be fit for適合
三、關(guān)鍵短語精講
1. born into…family (由于)出生于……的家庭
born into a poor farmer‘s family in 1931…袁博士1931年出生于一個貧苦農(nóng)民家庭
born into a poor peasant family, he couldn‘t go to college. 由于出生在貧苦農(nóng)民家庭,他沒能上大學(xué)。
2. graduate from畢業(yè)于
dr yuan graduated from southwest agriculture college. 袁博士畢業(yè)于西南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)。
注:表示畢業(yè)于某專業(yè),用in.如:
he graduated in law from oxford. 他畢業(yè)于牛津大學(xué)法律系。
3. thanks to (=because of) 由于,多虧
thanks to your help, we were successful. 由于你的幫助,我們成功了。
thanks to you, i was saved from drowning. 幸虧你,我才沒淹死。
4. rid…of…使……擺脫……(討厭或不想要的)
thanks to his research, the un is trying to rid the world of hunger. 由于他的研究,聯(lián)合國正在使世界擺脫饑餓。
you should rid yourself of that bad habit. 你應(yīng)改掉那個壞習(xí)慣。
5. be satisfied with 對……感到滿意/滿足
i‘m very satisfied with you. 我對你很滿意。
i‘m not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我對目前的情況一點(diǎn)都不滿意。
6. care about感興趣,關(guān)心
he also doesn‘t care about being famous. 他對成名也毫不在意。
the only thing he cares about is money. 他唯一關(guān)心的只是金錢。
7. lead a…life過著……的生活
he didn‘t want to lead an empty life.他不想過空虛的生活。
they lead an easy life (=a life of ease)。他們過著舒服的日子。
注:其中的lead也可用live替換。
8. would rather寧愿
(1)表示寧愿做某事,直接接動詞原形。注意否定式、疑問式及其回答。
he would rather keep time for his hobbies. 他寧愿把時間花在自己業(yè)余愛好上。
i‘d rather not go there.我寧愿不去那里。
-wouldn‘t you rather live in the country?你不愿住農(nóng)村?
-no, i wouldn‘t. i’d rather live here.是的。我寧愿就住在這里。
(2)表示“寧愿做……不愿做……”,后接than (do) sth.。
i‘d rather stay at home than go. 我寧愿呆在家里也不愿去。
(3)后接從句,從句謂語動詞用一般過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚眠^去完成時表示過去。
i‘d rather you came tomorrow than today. 我寧愿你明天來,不要今天來。
i‘d rather you hadn’t done that. 我真希望你沒做過那事。
真題:to enjoy the scenery, irene would rather spend long hours on the train ______ travel by air. (廣西)
a. as b. to c. than d. while
解析:因would rather do a than do b是固定句型,故選c.
9. refer to
(1)指的是,指……而言(mean);與……有關(guān)(concern)
you know who i am referring to. 你知道我指的是誰。
(2)提到,談及,說起(mention, speak of)
i promised not to refer to the matter again. 我答應(yīng)過再也不提這事了。
(3)查閱,參考,征詢(turn to /look at…for information)
you may refer to your notes if you want. 如果需要,可以查閱筆記。
(4)提交(處理),使(某人)找 (send to…for decision /help)
you should refer this matter to an expert. 你應(yīng)把此事交給專家處理。
10. insist on堅(jiān)決主張,一定要(后接doing)
he insisted on my going with him.他堅(jiān)持要我跟他一起去。
i insist on seeing it. 我一定要見到它。
注:insist表示“堅(jiān)決主張,堅(jiān)決要求”時,后面的that從句的謂語要用“(should+)動詞原形”;但表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時,用直陳語氣。請比較:
she insisted that he was wrong. 她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他錯了。
he insisted that we (should) accept these gifts. 他一定要我們收下這些禮物。
真題:the man insisted______ a taxi for me even though i told him i lived nearby. (江蘇)
a. find b. to find c. on finding d. in finding
解析:因?yàn)閕nsist后接on doing sth.,故選c.
11. with /in the hope of懷著……的希望
i called in the hope of finding you at home. 我去看你是希望你在家的。
12. used to 過去常常(現(xiàn)在已不是如此了)
he used to walk to his rice fields twice a day, but now he prefers to ride his motorcycle. 他過去一天兩次走著去稻秒田,但現(xiàn)在他更喜歡騎摩托車去。
he is not what he used to be. 他已不是舊日的他了。
you used to live in london, usedn‘t /didn’t you? 你過去是住倫敦的,是吧?
比較:be/get used to (doing) sth. 習(xí)慣于(做)某事
you must get used to getting up early. 你必須習(xí)慣于早起。
13. (be) rich in盛產(chǎn),豐富
the country is rich in oil and coal. 這個國家石油和煤資源豐富。
this is a play rich in humour. 這是一部富于幽默的戲劇。
please try to make your speech rich in humour. 盡量使你的發(fā)言富于幽默。
四、重要句型詳解
1. 倍數(shù)+as…as…
using his hybrid rice farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的雜交水稻種子,農(nóng)民們種出比以前多一倍的糧食。
this book is three times as thick as that one. 這本書的篇幅是那本書的三倍厚。
注:表示倍數(shù)還可用“倍數(shù)+比較級+than”或“倍數(shù)+the+名詞+of”。如:
this book is three times thicker than that one.
this book is three times the thickness of that one.
真題:it is re ported that the united states uses ______ energy as the whole of europe. (廣西)
a. as twice b. twice much
c. twice much as d. twice as much
解析:因題干中有as,選項(xiàng)中有twice(兩倍),可見是考查用as…as表示倍數(shù)的結(jié)構(gòu),故選d.
2. not all…并非所有的(部分否定)
not all students enjoy working in the fields. 并非所有的學(xué)生都喜歡到田間勞動。
not all men can be masters. (= all men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能當(dāng)頭頭。
注:(1)all…not易誤解為“所有都不”,其實(shí)與not all同義。(2)下列句子也是部分否定:
both (the) windows are not open. 兩扇窗子并不都開著。
not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜歡這本書。
he is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都這樣悲傷。
3. 疑問詞+do you think+賓語從句的其余部分?
do you think / believe / suppose / imagine / say / suggest / guess / consider等后面接一個由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,通常要將疑問詞提到句首,構(gòu)成復(fù)雜疑問句:疑問詞+do you think+賓語從句的其余部分?
what do you think would happen if tomorrow there was suddenly no rice to eat? 你認(rèn)為要是明天突然沒有大米吃,會發(fā)生什么事呢?
why do you think jane goodall went to africa to study chimps rather than to a university? 你認(rèn)為簡。古多爾為什么去非洲研究黑猩猩而不去大學(xué)?
真題:mum is coming. what present _____for your birthday? (福建)
a. you expect she has got b. you expect has she got
c. do you expect she has got d. do you expect has she got
解析:因?yàn)槭且蓡柧洌懦x項(xiàng)a和b;do you expect后是賓語從句,只是其中的what present提到了句首,其語序與陳述句語序相同,排除選項(xiàng)d;故選c.
五、課文難句剖析
1. he wants everyone to call him a farmer, for that's how he regards himself.
剖析:本句是并列句,for是表示原因的并列連詞;for分句中有一個how引導(dǎo)的表語從句,意為“他就是這樣看待自己的”。
譯文:他讓大家叫他農(nóng)民,因?yàn)樗彩沁@樣看待自己的。
2. in 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
剖析:that has a high output是定語從句,修飾rice,即“高產(chǎn)的水稻”;to grow rice that has a high output是不定式短語作定語,修飾agricultural pioneer,即“種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先鋒”;值得一提的是,在序數(shù)詞后作定語,通常只用動詞不定式。
譯文:1974年他成為世界上第一位種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先鋒。
六、語法知識歸納
1. 動名詞作主語
(1)謂語動詞用單數(shù)
wishing for things costs nothing. 愿望是不花本錢的。
(2)有時用形式主語,且多用于一些固定句式中。
it‘s no use worrying about it.發(fā)愁沒有用。
it‘s useless arguing(=to argue) with them. 跟他們爭辯徒勞無益。
it‘s no good waiting here.在這里等沒有用。
do you think it's worthwhile quarrelling with me?你認(rèn)為和我吵值得嗎?
it is hopeless arguing about it.為此爭論毫無用處。
(3)有時用被動式。
it‘s fun being taken to the zoo. 被帶去逛動物園很有意思。
being lost can be a terrifying experience. 迷路有時很可怕。
(4)前面有時用形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格做邏輯主語。
it‘s a waste of time your talking to him. 你和他談話是白費(fèi)時間。。
jenny‘s not going to college is her one regret. 杰妮沒上過大學(xué)是她感到遺憾的事。
真題:______ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. (上海)
a. the president will attend b. the president to attend
c. the president attended d. the president‘s attending
解析:因gave是句子的謂語動詞,前面應(yīng)是主語;用名詞所有格加動名詞作主語,選d.句意是:總統(tǒng)親自來參加會議對他們是極大的鼓舞。
2. 動名詞作賓語
(1)牢記只能接動名詞,不接不定式的動詞、短語或句型
動詞:allow, permit(允許), consider(考慮), suggest, advice(建議), keep(on)(反復(fù),不停), finish(完成), imagine(想象), practise(練習(xí)), understand(明白), appreciate, enjoy(喜歡), miss(錯過; 懷念), prevent(阻止), forbid(禁止), escape(避免), include(包括), deny(否認(rèn)), forgive, pardon, excuse(原諒), dislike(厭惡), discuss(討論), report(報道), admit(承認(rèn)), mind(介意), risk(冒險), delay, postpone (推遲)等。
短語:put off(推遲), can‘t stand(不能忍受), burst out(突然開始), feel like(想要), insist on(堅(jiān)持), give up(放棄), be busy(忙于), be worth(值得), succeed in(在某方面成功), look forward to(盼望), devote…to /be devoted to(致力于), be/get used to(習(xí)慣), lead to(導(dǎo)致), get down to(開始認(rèn)真), pay attention to(注意), refer to(談到), point to(指向), turn to(轉(zhuǎn)向), object to(反對), equal to(等于, 能勝任), belong to(屬于)等。
句型:spend…in doing 在做某事方面花費(fèi)
prevent /stop /keep…from doing 阻止……做……
how /what about doing sth.做……怎么樣?
have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 在做某事方面有些困難
have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艱難
there is no sense in doing做……是沒有道理的
(2)牢記接動名詞和接不定式意義差別很大的動詞或短語
①remember to do(記住去做),remember doing(記得做過)
②forget to do(忘記去做),forget doing(忘記做過)
③regret to do (遺憾地做),regret doing(后悔做了)
④mean to do(打算做),mean doing(意味著)
⑤stop to do(停下來去做),stop doing(停止做)
⑥try to do(設(shè)法做),try doing(試做)
⑦go on to do(接著做另一事),go on doing(繼續(xù)做同一事)
⑧can‘t help to do(不能幫助做),can’t help doing(情不自禁做)
⑨sb. need /want /require to do(需要/想要/要求做某事), sth. need /want /require doing (=to be done) (某物需要做某事)等。
真題:(1)i really can‘t understand ______ her like that. (安徽)
a. you treat b. you to treat c. why treat d. you treating
解析:因understand要接動名詞作賓語,you是treating的邏輯主語,故選d.
(2)victor apologized for ______to inform me of the change in the plan. (上海春)
a. his being not able b. him not to be able
c. his not being able d. him to be not able
解析:for是介詞,要接動名詞,排除b和d;動名詞的否定式是在其前面加not,故選c.
(3)the discovery of new evidence led to ______. (上海)
a. the thief having caught b. catch the thief
c. the thief being caught d. the thief to be caught
解析:因lead to中的to是介詞,要接動名詞,排除b和d;邏輯主語the thief與catch是被動關(guān)系,所以用動名詞的被動式,故選c.
(4) when asked by the police, he said that he remembered ______at the party, but not______. (北京)
a. to arrive; leaving b. to arrive; to leave
c. arriving; leaving d. arriving; to leave
解析:由語境可知,是表示“記得曾經(jīng)做過某事”,用remember doing,另外but not是與前面并列的,都作remember的賓語,所以都用動名詞,故選c.
七、背景知識介紹
現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè):中國的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)數(shù)千年來變化不大。大多數(shù)的土地都是由單個家庭來耕作,盡管中國是個大國,但只有7%的土地能用來耕作。從二十世紀(jì)九十年代初開始,科學(xué)家們就開始開發(fā)新技術(shù),而不破壞環(huán)境來增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量。未來的農(nóng)業(yè)既要依靠傳統(tǒng)方法又要依靠高科技,不僅食物產(chǎn)量重要而且也要愛護(hù)環(huán)境。
中國農(nóng)民最大的問題是缺少可耕作的土地,中國科學(xué)家們用最新的技術(shù)在溫室里種蔬菜,這些蔬菜的根不是種在泥土里,而是懸掛在容器的水中。今天,許多蔬菜不是種在菜地,而在種在溫室里了,不受風(fēng)、雨和昆蟲的破壞,溫度由電腦來控制。