2018屆中考英語語法匯總

　　第二句"be有人稱、時、數變"即be有人稱、時態和單、復數的變化。"情助"是指情態動詞和助動詞must，may，can，shall，will等一律隨新主語(多是主動句中的賓語)來變化。"疑問一助置主前"是說有兩個助動詞的話，應把主語放在第一助動詞之后或把第一助動詞置于主語之前。下面詳細舉例說明之。
　　一般現、過用be done, be有人稱、時、數變
　　例：1、主動：the children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
　　被動：the foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
　　孩子們熱烈地歡迎外賓。
　　2、主動：people regard him as brilliant.
　　被動：he is regarded as brilliant by people.
　　人們認為他很有才華。
　　以上兩例都是一般時態用be done的例子，be有人稱、時、數變，第三人稱foreign friends是復數，時態一般過去時，所以"be done"就是were given，而people regard him as brilliant一句，被動后的"be done"就變成單數第三人稱is regarded的形式了。
　　完成時態have done，被動將been加中間。
　　(過去完成時had done也包括在內)。
　　例：1、主動：we have studied english for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.
　　被動：english has been studied for 3 by us years off and on at the spare-time school. (have隨新主語變為has)
　　我們已經在夜校里斷斷續續地學了三年英語了。
　　2、主動: they had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
　　被動: 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.
　　到去年年底我們已生產出一百臺拖拉機。
　　3、主動：they have set up a power station in their home town.
　　被動：a power station has been set up in their home town.
　　他們的家鄉建立了一座發電站。
　　4、主動：they have warned us to be careful of rats.
　　被動：we have been warned to be careful of rats.
　　他們已提醒我們要注意老鼠。
　　5、主動：people have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
　　被動: plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.
　　人們把裝滿垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。
　　6、主動：we have used nuclear energy to produce electricity.
　　被動：nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity.
　　核能已用來發電。
　　7、主動：no one has ever beaten him at tennis.
　　被動：he has never been beaten at tennis.
　　就網球來說還沒有人是他的對手。
　　(no one涉及到全否定和部分否定問題，見否定一講)
　　過去完成時也是一樣：
　　主動: somebody had cleaned my shoes.
　　被動: my shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
　　有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。
　　一般將來shall (will) do，被動變do為be done
　　即由shall do或will do變為shall done或will be done。
　　例：主動: we shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year.
　　被動：several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.