中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤一覽表2
［析］ buy是截止性(即瞬間)動(dòng)詞，它可以有完成時(shí)，如：i have bought this dictionary. 但是不能與表示較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如要講我這本字典已買(mǎi)了3年了則要用have had這一結(jié)構(gòu)即我擁有這本字典已3年了。
by
［誤］ the boy shot the cat by a gun.
［正］ the boy shot the cat with a gun.
［誤］ he came to school by a taxi this morning.
［正］ he came to school by taxi this morning.
［析］ 作為某種運(yùn)輸手段來(lái)講，by與名詞間不能有冠詞，如：by car, by bike, by air等。如有了冠詞或其他修飾詞，則應(yīng)用別的相應(yīng)的介詞，如："我們今天早上是乘他的車(chē)來(lái)的"一句應(yīng)譯為：we came here in his car this morning.與by結(jié)合而成的詞組很多，常用的有：by the way順便說(shuō)說(shuō)；by hand手工制作；by oneself獨(dú)自地；by no means決不。
c
call
［誤］ i'll call at mr brown.
［正］ i'll call on mr brown.
［誤］ i'll call on mr brown's home.
［正］ i'll call at mr brown's home.
［析］ 作"拜訪"講時(shí)，at后面接訪問(wèn)地點(diǎn)，而on后面接訪問(wèn)的人。
call on drop in visit
call on比較正式的為公務(wù)的訪問(wèn)，如：we were called on by the old students. 而drop in則是比較隨便的走走，順便拜訪，如：if you're free, drop in. 而visit則是更正式的外交訪問(wèn)或友好往來(lái)，如：my school's headmaster will visit america next week.
can
［誤］ a blind man can not judge colours.
［正］ a blind man cannot judge colours.
［誤］ i cann't call for you at ten.
［正］ i can't call for you at ten.
［析］ can的否定形式應(yīng)為cannot或can't.
［誤］ it's only six o'clock. that mustn't be the postman.
［正］ it's only six o'clock. that can't be the postman.
［析］ must用來(lái)表示一種肯定的推斷，如：she must have some problems. she keeps crying. 但在否定句中則要用can't， 要表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)則要用"must+have+過(guò)去分詞"的表達(dá)法，如：the lights have gone out.a fuse must have blown.而對(duì)過(guò)去的否定推測(cè)則多用"can't+have+過(guò)去分詞"，如：i don't think he can have heard you. call again.
［誤］ we could not help to laugh at once.
［正］ we could not help laughing at once.
［正］ we could not help but laugh at once.
［析］ "couldn't help+動(dòng)名詞"表示禁不住做了某事。但could not help but與could not but后面要加不帶to的不定式，意思都是不得不去做某事.如：you could not (help) but respect him.
can be able to
can與be able to都可以用來(lái)表示能力，但can只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過(guò)去時(shí)，be able to則可用任何時(shí)態(tài)，如：he will be able to teach the child. 但要表示經(jīng)過(guò)努力而達(dá)到的一次性動(dòng)作則只能用be able to，如：he finally was able to jump over 210 meters. 或：the plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是這兩個(gè)詞都沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而be able to后面不接不定式的被動(dòng)態(tài)。
can could