Fishing with birds
chapter 4
【本講教育信息】
一. 教學內容：
chapter 4 fishing with birds language and writing
（一）被動語態
（二）書面表達寫作練習
二. 本周知識總結與歸 納
（一）被動 語態
被動語態概述
英語的語態是通過動詞形式的變化表現出來的。英語中有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。
主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者。
例如：many people speak chinese.
謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執行的。
被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。例如：chinese is spoken by many people.
主語english是動詞speak的承受者。
1、被動語態的構成
被動語態由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。人稱、數和時態的變化是通過be的變化表現出來的。現以speak為例說明被動語態在各種時態中的構成。
一般現在時：am/is/are＋spoken
一般過去時：was/were＋spoken
一般將來時：will/shall be＋spoken
現在進行時：am/is/are being＋spoken
過去進行時：was/were being＋spoken[
現在 完成時：have/has been＋spoken
過去完成時：had been + spoken
2、被動語態的用法
（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰。
例如：some new computers were stolen last night . 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道電腦是誰偷的）
this bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。
（2）強調動作的承受者，而不強調動作的執行者。
例如：the glass was broken by mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。
this book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。
your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業必須及時完成。
3、主動語態變被動語態的方法
（1）把主動語 態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。
（2）把謂語變成被動結構（be＋過去分詞） （根據被動語態句子里的主語的人稱和數，以及原來主動語態句子中動詞的時態來決定be的形式）。
（3）把主動語態中的主語放在介詞by 之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如：
all the people laughed at him.
he w as laughed at by all people.
they make the bikes in the factory.
the bikes are made by them in the factory.
he cut down a tree.
a tree was cut down by him.
書中練習講解
a1
1. cormorants.
2. cormorants.
3. damin.
4. damin.
a2
1. a
2. p
3. p
4. a
5. p
6. p
a3
1. is raised 2. are examined 3. is removed 4. is hatched 5. is watched 6. is looked
7. is fed 8. is controlled 9. are not allowed 10. is taken
b
1. by artists 2. by businessman 3. by lorry 4. by workers 5. by shop assistants
6. by tourists 7. by plane 8. by these paintings
c
1. was employed by the french producer 2. were interviewed by the interpreter
3. was chosen by the producer 4. were transported by lorry
5. was used by the cameraman 6. was filmed by the crew