Unit 5 Learning about China.
[誤] how an interesting story he told us! [正] what an interesting story he told us! [析]what an interesting story!=how interesting a story! [誤] i can’t remember the thing what he told me. [正] i can’t remember what he told me. [析]what引導賓語從句,相當于the thing that。 5. no matter+ what/who...與whatever/whoever...的區(qū)別:前者只能引導讓步狀語從句,而后者既可引導讓步狀語從句,也可引導名詞性從句。 [誤] i will make friends with no matter who shares my interest. [正] i will make friends with whoever shares my interest. [析]引導名詞性從句時只能用whoever。 [誤] you must hand in no matter what you’ve found. [正] you must hand in whatever you’ve found. [析] 引導名詞性從句時只能用whatever。 6. whether和if的區(qū)別:兩者引導名詞性從句時都是從屬連詞,作“是否”講,本身不作成分,此時句子中往往出現(xiàn)表示“不肯定”意義的一些短語,如not sure/certain, not known/decided,...is still question, depend on等。 whether 和if 引導動詞后的賓語從句時可互換,但下列情況一般只能用whether: (1) 引導介詞后的賓語從句;(2)引導主語從句; (3) 引導表語從句;(4)引導同位語從句;(5)后面出現(xiàn)or not。 [誤] if you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work. [正] whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work. [析]引導主語從句只能用whether。 7. while, when, as 引導時間狀語從句時的區(qū)別: while只能表示“在一段時間或過程中”,即只能表示時間的“一段”,后面一般用進行時或表示狀態(tài)的結構;when可以表示一段時間,也可表示時間的“一點”;as引導時間狀語從句時,表示兩個動作同時進行,作“一邊……一邊……”講。 [誤] i picked up some french words as i was having a holiday in paris. [正] i picked up some french words while i was having a holiday in paris. [析]while強調(diào)在……過程中;as說明兩個動作同時進行。 [誤] we were having classes while someone knocked at the door. [正] we were having classes when someone knocked at the door. [析]when可表示時間的“一點”,而while不能。 8. because, as, since(now that)引導原因狀語從句時的區(qū)別: because引導原因狀語從句時,表示直接的原因,可以回答why的提問;as只能是一種“附加的”理由,不能回答why的提問;since(now that)多表示雙方都已很清楚的事實,作“既然”講。 [誤]because we’ve finished most of the work, let’s have a rest. [正]since(now that) we’ve finished most of the work, let’s have a rest. [析]表示大家都清楚的理由用since(now that)。 9. however和as 引導讓步狀語從句時的區(qū)別: however引導讓步狀語從句時,相當于no matter how,后面跟形容詞或副詞;as引導讓步狀語從句時,用倒裝語序,即把作狀語的副詞或作表語的形容詞或名詞提前,而且如果作表語的是單數(shù)名詞,前面不加冠詞,也可以把謂語動詞部分的實義動詞提前。