初中英語語法總復習提綱1

2、集體名詞(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主語時,①              如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數形式,如：class three is a very good class.(三班是好班)②              如果表示其中的所有成員時,則謂語用復數形式,如：class three have a map of china.(三 班有張中國地圖)3、chinese, japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示單個時謂語用單數,表示許多時,謂語用復數。如：there is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只綿羊) / there are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些綿羊)4、maths, news等雖然有s結尾,但不是復數,因此謂語仍用單數：the news is very exciting. (這個消息令人興奮)5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用復數形式,故謂語用復數。如：the trousers  are  very  cheap and i want to take them.(褲子很便宜,我想買)6、a lot of 后跟名詞復數時謂語用復數形式,跟不可數名詞時謂語用單數形式。如：a lot of students  are playing  baseball now.(現在有許多學生在打壘球)  a lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的時間花在了那個工作上)(被動句)7、and 連接兩個名詞做主語時,謂語原則上用復數,但是兩個名詞若構成一個整體事物時,謂語則用單數。如：the teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果) / fish and chips  is  very famous food. (魚和薯條是一種出名的食品)8、 there be 句型中be的單復數一般由靠近的名詞決定。如：there is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子)9、用both…and…連接兩個事物做主語時,謂語一般用復數。如：both you and i  are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來)10、主語中含有with的短語時,謂語單復數由with之前的人物決定。如：a woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名婦女帶著一個七歲的孩子(當時)就站在路邊)11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…連接兩個人物做句子主語時,謂語采用就近原則。如：either you or he is right.(要么是你對,要么是他對。/你和他有一個人是對的) / neither you nor  i  am  going  there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 12、表示一段時間或長度概念的復數名詞做主語時,謂語一般用單數。如：two months is not a short time.(兩個月不是個短時間)two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距離).(兩千千米是相當長的一段距離)13、主語中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等詞語時,謂語的單復數由名詞確定,如：over three quarters of the information on the internet is in english.(因特網上四分之三以上的信息是用英語寫的) / a third of the students were playing near the lake.(學生的三分之一(當時)正在湖邊玩耍) / all of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些河流中的水已經被污染了)(被動句)