By the time I got outside the bus had already left教案（通用3篇）
By the time I got outside the bus had already left教案 篇1
unit 9 by the time i got outside, the bus had already left.
the seventh period
reading: changing english
ⅰ. teaching aims and demands
1. knowledge objects
key vocabulary
quarter, normal, traffic light, competition, significant, position and so on.
2. ability objects
train students’ ability of identify main idea.
train students’ ability of understanding words in context.
train students’ ability of reading for special information.
3. moral object
if you can speak both good english and your native language, it may help you get more chances in searching jobs.
ⅱ. teaching key points key vocabulary
read the text to identify main idea.
read the text to understand words in context.
read the text for special information.
ⅲ. teaching difficult points
train students’ reading skill.
ⅳ. teaching methods
1. up-down reading methods.
2. pairwork.
3. groupwork.
ⅴ. teaching aid
a projector.
ⅵ. teaching procedures
step i key vocabulary
this activity introduces the key vocabulary words.
show the following vocabulary on the screen by a projector.
quarter n.四分之一
population n. 人口
native adj. 本國的；本地的
speaker n. 說話者；演講者
wherever adv.無論哪里
singaporean n. 新加坡人 adj. 新加坡人的；新加坡的
india n. 印度
hindi n. 印地語；印地人 adj. 印度北部的
german n. 德語；德國（人）的
invention n. 發明；創造
business n.生意；商業
say the words and have students repeat several times until they can pronounce them fluently and accurately.
step ⅱ part 1
this activity is designed to activate students’ background knowledge before attempting the reading.
read the title changing english to the class. ask, what do you think the article is about?
read the instructions to the class.
point to the three questions in the box.
say, you are to discuss the questions about english with your partner. but don’t look at the reading. use your background knowledge instead.
get students to complete the task in pairs. as the pairs work together, walk around the room. ensure that they are discussing the questions in english.
when most students are finished, invite pairs of students to report their results.
don’t say yes or no to their answers.
step ⅲ part 2
this activity provides practice in scanning for specific information.
look at the picture. ask students to describe what is happening in the picture.
read the instructions and draw students’ attention to the list of numbers. get a student to say the sample answer like this: in 1950 english started being more popular for science.
please read through the article silently.
find information for the numbers. remember to skim for the key ideas rather than read slowly. get students to work on their own. as they are doing this, move around the classroom answering questions they may have and offering language support as needed.
check the answers.
answers
1950—in this year english started being more popular for science.
10 000—number of words in the south african dictionary not found elsewhere in the world.
a hundred—number of years ago that
german was the most popular language for science.
one billion—number of people learning english.
375 million--the number of native speakers of english.
step ⅳ part 3
this activity encourages students to use the strategy of reading in context.
ask students to read the article once.
say, pay attention to the bold word and expressions? and note any other word or sentence you don’t understand. read in context, guessings their meanings from the other words around them.
a few minutes later, ask different students to say the meanings of the words and expressions indicated in bold by guess. don’t give them the correct answers. let students look at the words and expressions and their meanings in the box. point out the sample answer. then ask students to match the correct meanings with the correct words and expressions. allow them one or two minutes to do this.
check the answers.
answers
quarter d, normal a, traffic light e, competition f, significant b, position c
get students to make sentences with the words and expressions. remind them to look at the article again for extra help.
answers to this activity will vary. ask a student to write his/her answers on the blackboard.
sample answers
1. a quarter of students in my class are girls.
2. i hope the situation will soon return to normal.
3. when the traffic lights are red, you must stop.
4. he took part in a swimming competition.
5. listening, speaking, reading and writing are four significant skills in learning english.
6. she is fit for the position.
step ⅴ part 4
this activity helps students read for specific information.
read the instructions to the class. call students’ attention to the chart. ask a student to read the five sentences to the class. say, you are to read the article again and decide if these sentences are true or false. and correct the false sentences.
give students a sample answer to the first sentence.
t: do you think the first sentence is true or false?
ss: false.
t: why is it false?
ss: because egyptians say welcome to egypt.
get students to do the activity on their own. as students work, move around the room answering any questions they may have.
check the answers. ask different students to give their answers. for the false sentence, have them give the correct statement.
answers
f egyptians say welcome in egypt.
f traffic lights in south africa are called robots.
t
t
f hinglish of chinese and english is called chinglish.
step ⅵ part 5
this activity lets students work in groups and think critically about what they have read.
read the instructions to the class.
call students’ attention to the chart. set a time limit for students to go through all the sentences and the lettered languages.
say, the underlined words come from different languages. you are to read the sentences again and guess where these words come from or look them up in a dictionary. try to match them with the languages they come from.
give students a sample answer to the first sentence （the word mattress comes from arabic.）
get students to do the activity in groups of four. as the groups work together, walk around the room checking progress and offering help as needed.
check the answers.
answers
mattress a. arabic
pajamas d. hindi
mosquitoes f. spanish
snorkel e. german
yoghurt b. turkish
bazaar c. persian
chauffeurs h. french
soprano g. italian
culture note
most people who speak english as a native language don’t have the same grammatical background as people who study english as a second language.
however, what a person who was born speaking english knows is whether or not things sound "right". he or she might not be able to explain the reason, but will usually have a good sense of how english should be used. because english is a language made up from many different languages with a lot of odd rules, a learner should be a bit flexible and understand that some rules are made to be broken.
stepⅶ summary
in this class, we’ve done much reading and writing practice. and it improves our reading comprehension ability.
step ⅷ homework
ask students to collect some more words used in english along with the different languages they come from.
step ⅸ blackboard design
reading: changing english
the seventh period
samples answers to activity 3
1. a quarter of students in my class are girls.
2. i hope the situation will soon return to normal.
3. when the traffic lights are red, you must stop.
4. he took part in a swimming competition.
5. listening, speaking, reading and writing are four significant skills in learning english.
6. she is fit for the position.
By the time I got outside the bus had already left教案 篇2
unit6-5 by the time i got outside,the bus had already left. selfcheck
ⅰ.teaching aims and demands
1.knowledge objects
(1) verbs: rush, realize, invite, show up, stay up.
(2) write an article according to the pictures given.
(3) vocabulary:homework, look, costume, empty
2.ability objects
(1) train the students to use these verbs correctly:
rush, realize, invite, show up, stay up.
(2) train the students writing skill.
ⅱ.teaching key points
1.help the students have a self check on the key words and target language of this unit.
2.practise using these verbs: rush, realize, invite, show up, stay up.
3.review the new vocabulary introduced in this unit: homework, lock, costume, empty.
4.direct the students to write an article according to the pictures given.
ⅲ.teaching difficult points
1.help the students make sentences with the verbs.
2.direct the students to write an article with the pictures given.
ⅳ.teaching methods
1.teaching by providing sample sentences.
2.teaching by describing the pictures.
ⅴ.teaching aid: just the blackboard.
ⅵ.teaching procedures
step ⅰ revision
1.revise the contents in the three articles in activity 3a on page 72 by asking the question below
questions:
(1) what did a radio program announce in 1938?
(2) what had happened by the time the authorities revealed the story was a hoax?
(3) what did a reporter announce on april fool's day?
(4) what had happened by the time people realized that the story was a hoax?
(5) what did a famous tv star once do on april fool's day?
(6) what was the ending of the last story?
2.ask three different students to read the articles.
3.dictate the following words:announce, convince, panic, authority, reveal, spaghetti, describe, hoax, thrill, flee/fled/fled.
step ⅱ
part 1this activity focuses on vocabulary introduced in the unit. focus attention on the box. invite a student to read the vocabulary words at the top.you are asked to fill in the blanks with the words. in some cases, you may need to use another form of the word, for example, adjusting for tense or subject/verb agreement.ask students to fill in the blanks on their own. check the answers. five students each reads a sentence, filling in the blanks. the rest of the students check their work.
answers:1.realized 2.rush 3.stay up 4.invite 5.show up
suggested answers:
1.as soon as the bell rang, the students rushed to the playground.
2.by the time he got to the office he realized that he had locked all his
keys at home.
3.mr. green invited his good friends to have a big dinner at home last
sunday.
4.we have to finish the task before the boss shows up.
5.jack stayed up very late last night. he couldn't wake up on time this
morning.
step ⅲ part 2
ask: what is happening to ming? get the whole class to read the instructions. then ask the students to describe each picture in order. write some useful sentences on the blackboard. for example, for the first picture, help the students to say ming wakes up at 10: 00 and thinks she is late for school.the sentences can vary. a sample answer:ming woke up at 10; 00 o'clock in the morning. she thought that she must be late for school. so she got up and rode a bike to school was empty. she was the only one there. then she realized that it was sunday.her good friend, han mei, came to see her after she had got home. ming told han mei the whole story happened in the morning earlier. it made han mei laugh a lot.ming went to her grandparents' house with her parents. they had dinner together and talked happily. ming watched tv in the evening and she went to bed at 10 : 00.
step ⅳ part 3the first one has been given as a model. ask some students to tell their answers to the class. check the answers with the whole class.
answers: 1.homework 2.lock 3.costume 4.empty
step ⅴ just for fun!
ask the students to read the sentences under the pictures together.then ask the children what is funny about this cartoon. help the students to answer like this:
the boy saw the clouds and he felt the rain long before he got home. he should have realized much sooner that he had forgotten his umbrella.
step ⅵ summary:in this class, we've practiced using some verbs and we've written an article based on the pictures given.
step ⅶ homework
1.revise all the language points in this unit.
2.make another more sentence with each verb below, rush, realize, invite, show up, stay up.
教后反思：
主備人：劉華 備課時間：.10.27 上課人： 上課時間：
審閱人： 審閱時間： 課 型：new 教案序號：
review of units1-6
teaching aims:
1.review the vocabulary of units1-6.
2.review the grammar of units1-6
step1 1a.draw students’ attention to the sample answer.check that they understand what they need to do by having one or two students complete other answers.ask students to do the crossword individually or in pairs.check the answers.ask different students to read out and spell the answers.
step2 1b.explain to students that they need to write clues like the clues for the crossword in activity 1.draw students’attention to the example.write a few words on the board and ask the class to suggest clues.
step3 2a.say,this picture matches the first conversation you wil hear.now listen to the tape and match the other conversations to the correct pictures.students listen and write the numbers in the boxes next to the pictures.
step4 2b.explain to students that they need to listen for information in the dialogues that will help them answer the questions.have students do the activity in pairs.as they work,move around the classroom listening and offering help where necessary.
step5 2c.have two students model the sample dialog.ask students to practice their conversations.ask them to share their conversations with the class.
step6 finish activity3-7 individually.ask them about unusual situations where they had to make difficult decisions.encourage them to talk about situations different from those in the task.ask them to work in groups of three.do alarge survey with the class.
sample answers:
1.a man on a horse or a map of islands
2.a vase or two faces
3.an old woman looking down and a young woman looking away
tell them to look at pictures and diss with their partners what they look like,then share their answers as conversations with the class.
教后反思：
unit6-5 selfcheck 達標訓練
i.單項選擇
1.the woman_____ the child quickly and took him to hospital.
a. put on b dressed c. had on d. was wearing
2. ______ weather is!
a. what a fine b. how fine c. what fine d. how fine the
3. who was the first one____?
a.to reach b. to arrive c. to get to d. to arrive at
4.______ books must produced for the children.
a.many thousand b.many thousands of c. many thousand of d. many thousand
5. we want to play basketball after school. would you like to _____us?
a. invite b. play c. get d. join
6. by the time i walked into the class, the teacher had started teaching already.(改為同義句)
the teacher____ _____ his class already before i _______ class.
7. linda said to me, “ i bought a new bike.” (改為賓語從句)
linda told me that ____ ____ _____ a new bike.
8. the play began at 8:00. we arrived the minutes late. (合并句子)
the play _____ ____ ____ _____ten minutes late when we arrived.
9. i can’t decided whether i would go or not. (改為簡單句)
i can’t decided whether ___ ___or not.
10. he had left by the time i came back, ______ ___?(完成反義疑問句)
ii.make sentences.
1. 你明天要上學, 我不想讓你熬夜。
2. 我們的時間很多, 用不著太急促。
3.我一看到他，就覺得不太對勁。
4.你接到參加瑪麗生日聚會的邀請了嗎？
5.在燈光下,媽媽臉上的皺紋清晰可見。
我的收獲：
review of units1-6達標訓練
一. 知識點講解
1. he is worried about his exam.他很擔心他的考試。
be worried about=worry about為……擔心
我不擔心我的考試。_________________________________________
=_________________________________________
2. we should al try to take care of our planet.
我們應該盡力保護好我們的行星。
take care of=_________________=______________________
3. is it neighbor?是鄰居嗎？
neighbor指人，而neighborhood則指附近地區，也可以指附近地區的人。
4. i’d give it to the police.我會把它交給警察。
police是名詞，通常用作the police,視為復數名詞，意思是“警方，警察”。如果指一個警察，要用a policeman或a policewoman表示。
二. 根據句意及首字母完成單詞
1. k________are from australia.their back legs are longer than the front ones.
2. listening to music is very relaxing.it makes people feel r___________.
3. the river is about 4,000 f___________long.
4. he has to work 12 hours a day to r__________money for his son’s education.
5. the discarded paper can be used by r______________.
6. we should e__________children to be polite to others.
7. thanks for c__________for my dog.
8. the boy won an a____________because of his excellent performance.
9. the company can p___________us with 500 dollars a month.
10. yang liwei is an i____________to all the chinese people.
三. 用所給單詞的適當形式填空
1. volunteering is both interesting and______________(educate).
2. did you have fun___________(play)football?
3. it takes him ten minutes________(walk) to school every day.
4. you mustn’t forget__________(bring)your books here tomorrow.
5. i don’t know what___________(do) next.
6. he was surprised_____________(see)me at the party.
7. so far,man____________(travel)farther than the moon.
8. we should speak to the old_____________(polite).
9. ___________(thousand)of trees were planted last year.
10. i’m looking forward to_______________(visit) england.
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By the time I got outside the bus had already left教案 篇3
unit 10 by the time i got outside, the bus had already left.
一. 教學內容：
unit 10 by the time i got outside, the bus had already left.
【學習目標】
1. 通過本單元的學習，掌握過去完成時態的用法，特別是與一般過去時態和現在完成時態的區別。
2. 合理安排自己的學習和生活，守時守信。
二、教學重點難點：
過去完成時態的用法及本模塊中的一些重點短語
三、重點詞和短語
1. by the time 到……時候
2. get dressed 穿衣服
3. run all the way to school 一路跑向學校
4. leave +物+地點 把某物落在某地
【即學即用】
he his umbrella in the train.
a. leave b. left c. forgot d. forget
5. no wonder 難怪
6. run back to school 跑回學校
7. start doing / to do 開始做某事
8. go off 發出響聲
【即學即用】
in the morning, i didn’t hear my alarm clock .
a. going off b. went off c. go off d. to go off
9. wait for sb. to do sth. 等待某人做某事
10. run off / away 跑掉 離開
11. unfortunately 不幸地
luckily 幸運地
【即學即用】
, he didn’t pass the english exam again.
a. luckily b. fortunately c. unfortunately d. unfortunate
12. on time 準時
in time 及時
【即學即用】
people to the meeting all arrived here .
a. in time b. on time c. after time d. for time
13. give sb a ride 讓某人搭便車
【即學即用】
he walked me and asked where i was going and told me that they offered to .
a. by; give me a ride b. off; give me rides
c. by; give me some feet d. through; give me a walking make it
14. break down 出故障
【即學即用】
my bike on my way to school, so i had to walk there.
a. broke out b. broke in c. broke down d. broke away
15. show up 出席；露面
【即學即用】
he didn’t until supper was nearly over.
a. show off b. show up c. show round d. show in
16. stay up late 熬夜到很晚
stay up all night studying 熬夜學習
17. costume party 化妝舞會
18. happen to sb 某人發生了什么事
happen to do 碰巧做某事
19. set off 激起
set off=set out 出發/起程
【即學即用】
his action a heated argument.
a. set out b. set up c. set off d. set free
20. across the whole country 遍及整個城市
21. thousands of 成千上萬
22. flee-fled-fled 逃離
flee from + 地點 從某地逃離
flee away 逃離/逃跑
23. sell out 賣光
24. marry sb=get/be married to sb 和某人結婚
四、重點、難點、考點及疑點注釋
1. i started walking, but i knew i couldn’t get to school on time. 我開始步行，但我知道我已經不能按時到達學校了。（section a, 3a）
(1)start to do sth.和start doing sth都表示“開始做某事”，常可相互替換。
at the age of 12, he started writing his own newspaper.
= at the age of 12, he started to write his own newspaper.
他十二歲時，開始編寫自己的報紙。
(2)on time在本句中意為“準時，按規定的時間不早也不遲”。
li ming’s father seldom goes work on time. 李明的父親很少準時上班。
the party began on time that evening. 晚會在那天晚上準時舉行。
知識拓展：
time表示“……次/倍”時，是可數名詞，其復數形式為times。
how many times did you see the movie? 那部電影你看了幾遍？
i have four times as many books as you.我的書是你的4倍。
特別提示：
in time意為“及時”。
i will try my best to finish it in time. 我會盡力及時完成。
will you be home in time to see the children before they go to bed?
你來得及在孩子們上床睡覺之前趕回家看看他們嗎？
短語鏈接：
all the time始終、總是, at any time在任何時候, at the same time同時, from time to time偶爾, have a good/bad time過得快樂/不快樂, in no time立刻, many a time屢次, at times有時, take one’s time慢慢來/別著急, the times《泰晤士報》（英國一大報）, two times three 2乘以3
2. when i got to school, the final bell was ringing. i only just made it to my class. 我到學校的時候，上課鈴正在響。我剛好正點趕到教室上課。（section a, 3a）
(1) final bell在此處作“上課鈴”解，有時也寫為second bell，而“預備鈴”則表示為first bell。
(2) made it在這里表示“到達、趕上”的意思。
you can make it if you hurry. 如果你快一點的話，就會按時趕到的。
3. welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole country. welles的話是如此具有說服力，以至于成百上千人相信了他的話，全國處于一片恐慌之中。（section b, 3a）
(1)so...that在這里引導結果狀語從句，表示“如此……以至于……”，so強調形容詞或副詞，that后面接從句，常用于下面的結構中：
例如：
the computer is so useful that each of us wants to buy one.
計算機太有用了，我們每個人都想買一臺。
he ran so fast that we couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得太快，我們追不上他。
he had so many falls that he could ride a bike at last.
他摔了很多跤，終于學會了騎車。
there’s so much noise in the meeting room that i can’t hear the speaker clearly.
會議室里的噪音太大，我聽不清演講者的發言。
知識拓展：
so...that句型轉換的四種方法：
◎當從句的主語與主句中的主語一致，且that從句是否定式時，常用too...to...轉換。
the little girl was so tired that she couldn’t walk farther.
=the little girl was too tired to walk farther.
這個小女孩太累了，她不能再走更遠的路了。
◎當從句的主語與主句中的主語不一致，且that從句是否定式時，常用too...for sb to do sth轉換。
the work is so difficult that we can’t finish it in time.
=the work is too difficult for us to finish it in time.
這份工作太難了，我們不能按時完成。
◎當從句的主語與主句中的主語一致，且that從句是肯定式時，常用...enough to do sth轉換。
he is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.
=he is strong enough to lift the heavy box.他強壯得足以舉起那個重箱子。
◎當從句的主語與主句中的主語不一致，且that從句是肯定式時，常用...enough for sb to do sth轉換。
he spoke so clearly that i could hear him.
=he spoke clearly enough for me to hear him.他說得很清楚，我能聽明白。
特別提示：
so that連在一起使用，意為“為了，以便”，表示目的，此時主句和從句的主語不一定一致；另外，還可以引導結果狀語從句，前面一般用逗號。
speak louder so that we can hear you. 你說大聲點兒，以便我們能聽得見。
she was ill, so that she was unable to go with you. 她病了，不能和你一起去了。
相關鏈接：
such也表示“如此……以至于……”，但such強調名詞，常用于下面的結構中：
例如：
he is such a little boy that i can’t believe him.
= he is so little a boy that i can’t believe him.
他是如此小的一個孩子，以至于我不能相信他說的話。
it was such bad weather that we had to stay at home. 天氣如此惡劣我們只好呆在家里。
【即學即用】
⑴—jack, you look tired today. what’s wrong?
—i was busy i didn’t go to bed until midnight yesterday.
a. too; to b. enough; to c. so; that d. such; that
⑵it’s that we had to stay at home all day.
a. such hot weather b. so hot weather c. such a hot weather d. so hot a weather
（2）動詞短語set off在本句中是“引起、激起”的意思。
a letter from home set off an attack of homesickness.
一封家書激起了一片思鄉之情。
特別提示：
set off在作“出發、動身”解時,與set out意思相同。
it was raining when we set off/out. 我們出發時,天還下著雨。
4. one april fool’s day, a reporter in england announced that there would be no more spaghetti because the spaghetti farmers in italy had stopped growing spaghetti. 一個愚人節，有位英國記者宣稱以后不會再有意大利式細面條可以吃了，因為意大利的農民已經停止生產這種細面條了。（section b, 3a）
there would be是there be的過去將來時，意為“過去將有”。
知識拓展：
過去將來時由“would+動詞原形”構成，表示從過去某個時間看將來要發生的動作或存在的狀態，常用于賓語從句中。
the students didn’t know where they would go tomorrow.
同學們不知道明天要去哪兒。
nobody knew where he would go. 沒人知道他要去哪里。
◎過去將來時也常可用“was/were+going to+動詞原形”表示。
she said that she was going to speak at the meeting.她說她要在大會上發言。
li ping said that she was going to visit her aunt in the town the next sunday.
李萍說她下個星期日要去拜訪住在城里的姑姑。
5. she was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married. 她很激動，因為她真的想結婚。（section b, 3a）
(1)thrilled是形容詞，意為“非常激動的、非常興奮的”，常用來說明一個人的心情。
he was thrilled when he heard the news. 他聽到這個消息時很激動。
she was thrilled and shy when she heard “i love you” from her boy friend.
當她聽到她男朋友說“我愛你”的時候，她很激動也很害羞。
(2)get married是固定短語，意為“結婚”，表示動作；而be married表示狀態，意為“結婚了”，這兩個短語都可以和介詞to連用。
she’s married to my brother. 她嫁給了我哥哥。
they’re saving up to get married. 他們儲錢準備結婚。
魔力糾錯：
他和我的一個朋友結了婚。
誤：he was married with a friend of mine.
正：he was married to a friend of mine.
魔力解析：
當表示“與……結婚”時，marry用作及物動詞，其后接介詞to，而不能用with。
特別提示
marry是短暫性動詞，當表示“結婚多長時間”時，要用be married。
lucy married robert two years ago.
= lucy has been married to robert for two years. 露茜和羅伯特結婚兩年了。
知識拓展：
◎問某人“婚否”時應說are you married?或is he married？等；如果“未婚”，可以說i’m single.。
◎問某人“何時結的婚”應說when were you married?或when did you get married?。
【即學即用】
⑴—when did you ?
—i’ve for two months.
a. get married; been married b. be married; been married
c. get married; got married d. get married; married
⑵his daughter is going to be married an engineer.
a. with b. for c. to d. /
五、語法：
“過去完成時”闖關
★過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經完成的動作，它表示動作發生的時間是“過去的過去”，它是一種相對的時態，即其相對于一般過去時，沒有一般過去時就沒有過去完成時，如圖解：
★過去完成時由“助動詞had（had用于各種人稱）+ 動詞的過去分詞”構成
【第1關】用動詞的正確時態填空：
by the time he was ten, he (set) up a lab of his own.
【融會貫通】表示過去某一時間或動作以前已經完成的動作，可以用by, before, by the end of等介詞短語或by the time引導一個時間狀語從句來表示。應填寫：had set。
又如：i had seen you before you saw me. 在你看到我之前，我早已看到你了。
【第2關】用動詞的正確時態填空：
he said she (work) in a foreign company for five years before she (become) an english teacher.
【融會貫通】在賓語從句中，主句謂語動詞為一般過去時（said, asked, told），從句用過去完成時，此時從句中的動作發生在主句的動作之前。應填寫：had worked; became。
又如：the teacher asked me what had happened to me.老師問我發生了什么事。
【第3關】改錯：
when we got there, the movie had begun for almost twenty minutes.
【融會貫通】表示從過去某一時間開始，持續到過去某一時間的動作或狀態。常與for引導的一段時間連用。
注意：此時謂語動詞只能用延續性動詞。所以句中had begun應改為had been on。
又如：i had worked for three hours when he called. 當他打電話時，我已經工作了三個小時了。
【第4關】用動詞的正確時態填空：
paul helped me repair the bike that i (ride) for two years.
【融會貫通】在含有定語從句的主從復合句中，如果敘述的是過去的事，先發生的動作常用過去完成時。應填寫：had ridden。
又如：i returned the books that i had borrowed last week. 我已經還了上周借的書。
【第5關】用動詞的正確時態填空：
i didn’t get to the airport until the plane (take) off.
【融會貫通】由連詞after, until引導的復合句中，如果主句謂語動詞和從句謂語動詞所表示的過去動作不是同時發生的，那么先發生的動作通常用過去完成時表示。應填寫：had taken。
【第6關】翻譯填空：
我很快沖了個澡，吃了點早飯，然后迅速向車站跑去。
i a quick shower, some breakfast, and then off to the bus stop.(見section a, 3a)
【融會貫通】區別過去完成時與一般過去時
兩種時態都表示過去發生的動作或存在的狀態，但使用時應注意以下幾點：
1. 過去完成時在時間上強調“過去的過去”；而一般過去時只強調過去某一特定的時間，試比較：
by yesterday morning, i had called you ten times. 到昨天上午，我已經給你打了十個電話了。
i called you yesterday morning. 昨天上午我給你打的電話。
2. 當兩個或兩個以上的動作接連發生時，按時間順序，只需用一般過去時。應填寫：took, had, ran。
又如：she took up her schoolbag, locked the door and went to school by bike. 她拿起書包，鎖上門，然后騎著自行車去上學了。
【闖關練習】
i. 下列各句中均有一處錯誤，找出并改正。
1. when we got there, the movie had begun for almost ten minutes.
2. he said he has finished his homework already.
3. how long was your father worked in that firm before he came here?
4. by the time you rang me, all my homework had done.
5. i met han mei yesterday. i have never met her since we left school
ii. 用所給動詞的正確形式填空。
1. i thought we (meet) each other before.
2. we (learn) 3,000 words by the end of last year.
3. he told me that he (have) a cold for three days.
4. mr smith (finish) his work, so he left for home.
5. i (receive) a letter from my friend yesterday. we (not hear) from each other since .
參考答案：
i 1.begun →been on 2. has →had 3. was→ had 4. had done→ had been done 5. have →had
ii. 1. had met 2. had learned / learnt 3. had had 4. had finished 5. received; hadn’t heard
中考聚焦：
考點1. make it
—math is difficult for me. how i wish to improve it!
—don’t lose your confidence. i believe you will it if you keep trying.（湖北宜昌）
a. take b. work c. pick d. make
【要點簡析】make it意為“做好；做到；做成功”或“及時到達”。選 d。
考點2. leave sth. + 地點
this morning i went to work in such a hurry that i the key in my office at home. （山東青島）
a. forgot b. left c. missed d. lost
【要點簡析】“leave sth. + 地點”表示“把某物忘在某處”。選b。
考點3. stay up
—don’t too late, or you will feel tired in class.
—i won’t, mum. （四川內江）
a. stand up b. stay up c. wake up d. get up
【要點簡析】stay up 意為“熬夜；不睡覺”。 stand up意為“起立”； wake up意為“喚醒”；get up意為“起床”；選b。
考點4. 過去完成時
by the end of last year, we the work. （內蒙古烏蘭察布）
a. has finished b. had finished c. have finished d. finish
【要點簡析】由介詞短語by the end of last year 可知，該句應用過去完成時。選b。
考點5. announce
根據漢語提示寫單詞：the vote was completed. the teacher （宣布）the result.（江蘇蘇州）
【要點簡析】announce是及物動詞，意為“宣布；公布；發布；通告”，其名詞形式為 announcement。應填寫：announced。
考點6. so… that …
she worked so quietly no one knew she was there. （浙江杭州）
a. which b. after c. as d. that
【要點簡析】so… that… 如此……以至……，so后面接形容詞或副詞，that之后接從句。選d。