情態動詞（精選16篇）
情態動詞 篇1
九年級教學案
課題m5u3 語法復習 情態動詞課型 復習課
教學
目標歸納語法情態動詞 鞏固練習 情態動詞
重點鞏固練習 情態動詞
難點歸納語法情態動詞
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情態動詞
情態動詞有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情態動詞無人稱和數的變化；不能單獨使用，必須與其后的動詞原形構成謂語。
1. can, could
1) 表示能力（體力、知識、技能）。 例如：can you lift this heavy box?（體力） mary can speak three languages.（知識） can you skate?（技能） 此時可用be able to代替。can只有一般現在時和一般過去式；而be able to則有更多的時態。
例如： i’ll not be able to come this afternoon. （一般將來時）當表示“經過努力才得以 做成功某事”時應用be able to，不能用can。如： he was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
2) 表示請求和允許。
例如：-----can i go now? ---yes, you can. / no, you can’t. 此時可與may互換。在疑問句中還可用could, might代替，但could, might 并不表示過去式，只是語氣更委婉。它們不能用于肯定句和答語中。
例如：--- could i come to see you tomorrow? -- yes, you can. (no, i’m afraid not.) 3) 表示客觀可能性（客觀原因形成的能力）。例如： they’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. this hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推測（驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態度），用于疑問句、否定句和感嘆句中。
can this be true? this can’t be done by him. how can this be true?
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2. may, might
1) 表示請求和允許。might比 may語氣更委婉，而不是過去式。否定回答時可用can’t 或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。 例如：
----might/ may i smoke in this room? --- no, you mustn’t.
---- may/might i take this book out of the room?
--- yes, you can. (no, you can’t / mustn’t. ) 用may i...？征徇對方許可時比較正式和客氣，而用can i...？在口語中更常見。
2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 例如：may you succeed!
3) 表示推測、可能性（不用于疑問句）。might不是過去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 例如：he may /might be very busy now.
your mother may /might not know the truth.
3. must, have to
1) 表示必須、必要。例如： you must come in time.
在回答引出的問句時，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不準），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）。
例如： -- must we hand in our exercise books today? --- yes, you must. --- no, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2) must是說話人的主觀看法，而have to則強調客觀需要。must只有一般現在時，have to 有更多的時態形式。
例如：his play isn’t interesting, i really must go now. i had to work when i was your age.
3) 表示推測、可能性（只用于肯定的陳述句）例如： you’re tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. your mother must be waiting for you now.
4. dare, need
1) dare作情態動詞用時, 常用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中, 過去式形式為dared。例如： how dare you say i’m unfair?
2) need 作情態動詞用時, 常用于疑問句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
例如：you needn’t come so early. ---- need i finish the work today? --- yes, you must. / no, you needn’t.
3) dare和 need作實義動詞用時， 有人稱、時態和數的變化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。而need后面只能接帶to的不定式。
例如：i dare to swim across this river. he doesn’t dare (to) answer.
5. shall, should 1) shall 用于第一人稱，征求對方的意見。 例如：what shall we do this evening? 2) shall 用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。 you shall fail if you don’t work hard. (警告) he shall have the book when i finish it.(允諾) he shall be punished.(威脅 )
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6. will, would
1) 表示請求、建議等，would更委婉。
例如： will / would you pa ss me the ball, please?
2) 表示意志、愿望和決心。例如： i will never do that again. they asked him if he would go abroad.
3) would表示過去反復發生的動作或某種傾向。would表示過去習慣時比used to正式，且沒有“現已無此習慣”的含義。
例如： during the vacation, he would visit me every other day. the wound would not heal.
7. sho uld, ought to
1) should, ought to表示“應該”，ought to表示義務或責任，比s hould語氣重。
i should help her because she is in trouble. you ought to take care of the baby.
2) 表示勸告、建議和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑問句中常用should。
you should / ought to go to class right away.
should i open the window?
3) 表示推測
should , ought to (客觀推測), must(主觀推測)。
he must be home by now. (斷定他已到家)
he ought to/should be hom e by now.(不太肯定)
this is where the oil must be. (直爽)
this is where the oil ought to/should be. (含蓄)
一，選用can, could, may, must, shall, should, will, would, can’t, mustn’t, needn’t或have to
1. there is air around us, thought we ________ see it.
2. your mother is getting better and better. you _______ worry about her.
3. you _______ play football in the busy street.
4. “_______ it be true ?.” “yes. it _______ be true indeed.”
5. tom _______ come to the party tonight, but i’m not sure.
6. _______ you please fetch me some water for me?
7. young trees ________ be planted in spring.
8. “must we hand in our exercise books today?”
“yes, you ______.” “no, you ________.”
9. “may i take this magazine out of the reading-room?”
“yes, you _______.” “no, you _______.”
10. please speak a little louder so that i _______ hear you.
二1. if you are not careful in the street, a car ______ hit you.
a. can b. may c. would d. must
2. –may i watch tv now, mum?
-no, you _____. you _____ do your homework first.
a. don’t; must b. don’t; can’t c. can’t; must d. can’t; can
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︶3. –mr. john, we must hand in our work today, ______?
-no, you ______. but you must bring it to school tomorrow.
a. needn’t we; mustn’t b. mustn’t we; needn’t
c. mustn’t you; mustn’t d. needn’t we; needn’t
4. he isn’t in the school. i think he ______ be ill. a. can b. shall c. must
5. children ______ play on the road or in the street. it is dangerous.
a. may not b. mustn’t c. couldn’t d. needn’t
6. even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem, so it _____be very difficult. a. may b. must c. can d. need
7. –can you ride a bike? -no, i _____.
a. may not b. can’t c. needn’t d. mustn’t
8. –must i return the book this morning?
-no, you _____. but you ______ return it before supper.
a. needn’t; must b. mustn’t; can c. mustn’t; may d. can’t; need
9. you ____ to go and see the doctor right now.
a. must b. should c. have d. will
10. don’t play with the knife. you ______ hurt yourself.
a. may b. should c. have to d. need
三，1. what _____ i do for you, madam?
a. may b. must c. can d. will
2. you’re made the same mistake again. how _____ you be so careless!
a. shall b. may c. can d. must
3. peter _____ come with us this afternoon, but he isn’t very sure yet.
a. shall b. may c. can d. must
4. don’t worry! the news _____ be true.
a. may not b. mustn’t c. will not d. needn’t
5. the traffic _____ stop when the lights are red in the street.
a. can’t b. don’t have to c. mustn’t d. must
6. –look! it _____ be the new headmaster.
-it _____ be him. he went to beijing yesterday.
a. can; mustn’t b. can; can’t c. must; can’t d. must; may
7. ______ i close the window? it’s so cold here.
a. must b. will c. need d. shall
8.you ___ return the bike now. you can keep it till tomorrow if you like.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. needn’t d. may not
9.you _____ yourself about money. a. needn’t worry b. needn’t to worry c. don’t need worry d. needn’t be worry
10.many people want to see you. _____ they wait here or outside?
a. do b. will c. need d. shall
11.____ i ask your name, please? a. will b. shall c. may d. must
12.you _____ do it even if you don’t want to.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. have to d. needn’t
13.i _____ like someone to take me to the museum.
a. will b. would c. shall d. need
14.look, what you have done! you _____ more careful.
a. may be b. had to c. should be d. should感悟反思：
情態動詞 篇2
h.dare
dare既可用作情態動詞，也可用作行為動詞，指勇氣和膽量上的可能，可譯為“敢”。
1.情態動詞dare
①dare作為情態動詞時主要用于疑問句和否定句，一般不用于肯定句中。
i dare not daren't walk through the forest at night.
我不敢在黑夜穿過森林。
--- dare you walk through the forest at night
你敢在黑夜穿過森林嗎？
--- yes, i dare.
是的，我敢。
--- no, i daren't.
不，我不敢。
he dare not drive too fast on the rainy day.
下雨天他不敢開得太快。
he dared not do it last year.
去年他不敢做這事。（dare的過去時為dared）
②可以用于表示懷疑的名詞性從句中。
i wonder how he dare say such things.
我真奇怪他怎么竟敢說出這樣的話。
we don't know whether he dare climb the mountain.
我們不知道他是否敢爬那座山。
③可以用于條件狀語從句中。
if the enemy dare enter the village, we'll fight against them to the end.
如果敵人敢進入村里，我們就和他們戰斗到底。
if you dare cheat in your exam, i will give you some punishment.
如果你們敢在考試中作弊，我就懲罰你們。
2.行為動詞dare
① dare可以作為行為動詞，多用于肯定句中，但也可用在疑問句和否定句中
he will dare any danger.
他敢面對任何危險。
he dared me to jump over the stream.
他激我跳過小溪。
did anyone dare to admit it
有人敢于承認嗎？
i have never dared (to) go back to take a look.
我再也不敢返回去看一眼了。（否定句中to可省略）
②和其他行為動詞一樣，dare在句子中要隨著主語的人稱和數發生變化。
he doesn't dare to walk at night.
他不敢走夜路。（作行為動詞）
he daren't walk at night.
他不敢走夜路。（作情態動詞）
does he dare to walk at night
他敢走夜路嗎？（作行為動詞）
dare he walk at night
他敢走夜路嗎？（作情態動詞）
he didn't dare to walk at night fifteen years ago.
XX年前他不敢走夜路。（作行為動詞）
he daren't walk (=dared not walk) at night fifteen years ago.
XX年前他不敢走夜路。（作情態動詞）
will you dare to do the same experiment tomorrow
明天你敢做同樣的實驗嗎？（作行為動詞）
dare you do the same experiment tomorrow？
明天你敢做同樣的實驗嗎？ （作情態動詞）
必背：
英語口語中dare的幾個常用結構：
● i dare say...
我想, 大概, 可能, 或許……
i dare say things will improve.
我想情況會好轉的。
● how dare you ...
你怎么敢……？
how dare you ask me such a question
你怎么敢問我這樣的問題？
● i dare you ...
我諒你也不敢……
i dare you to tell your parents!
我諒你也不敢告訴你父母！
i.need
1.情態動詞need
need 和dare一樣，作為情態動詞時，主要用于否定句和疑問句，一般不用于肯定句中（在肯定句中常被 must, have to, ought to, should等情態動詞取代）。作為情態動詞，它的詞形只有need一種形式。
you needn't return the book now. you can keep it till next week if you like. 你現在不必還書， 如果愿意，你可以下周還。（needn't = don't have to）
need i hand in my homework now
我現在就要交家庭作業嗎？
--- need he finish the article next week
他要下個星期完成這篇文章嗎？
--- yes, he must.
是的，他必須完成。
--- no, he needn't.
不，他不需要。（= he doesn't have to）
2.行為動詞need
need和dare一樣，也可以作行為動詞，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑問句中。行為動詞need有人稱和數的變化。
plant needs water.
植物需要水。
my shirt needs a button.
我的襯衫需要一枚鈕扣。
my car needs repairing.
我的車該修理了。
he has grown up. we don't need to worry about him.
他已經長大了，我們不必為他擔心。
you don't need to buy so many things for the picnic.
你不必為這次野餐買這么多東西。
patience is needed for that job.
干那工作，需要耐心。
提示：
need作為情態動態時，不要用于肯定句中。
【誤】she need do her homework by herself. (need作為情態動詞時，不用于肯定句中)
【正】she needs to do her homework by herself.
她該獨立完成家庭作業。
情態動詞 篇3
a. may和might
1.表示請求、許可，常譯為“可以”。
在口語中可用can, could代替may，但在正式場合用may。表示允許時，也可用might代替，might不表示過去時，而是表示口氣比較婉轉。
you may take this seat if you like.
如果你喜歡可以坐這個位置。
maycan could might i have a talk with you
我可以和你談談嗎？
--- maymight i come into the room to see my mother
我可以進房間看我母親嗎？
--- no, you mustn't. she needs to have a good rest.
不，你不能進。她需要好好休息。
提示：
may i ... 問句常見的肯定回答和否定回答。
肯定回答
yes, please.
certainly.
yes, of course.
sure.
go ahead, please.
否定回答
no, you can't. （最常見）
no, you mustn't. （具有強烈禁止的意思）
please don't. you'd better not.
i don't think you can.
i'm sorry it's not allowed.
2.表示推測，可譯為“可能，也許”。
your math teacher maymight be in his office. 你們的數學老師可能在辦公室里。（一般情況下，might表示的可能性很小）
the light isn't on. it maymight be broken.
那盞燈沒有亮，它可能壞了。
there may might be some ink left in the bottle.
瓶子里也許還剩點兒墨水。
注意：
用may表示推測一般不用于疑問句，在疑問句中通常用can來代替。
can he be at home
他可能在家嗎？
--- can it be true
這可能是真的嗎？
--- it may be, or may not be.
可能是，也可能不是。
3.用在目的狀語從句中，構成謂語。
he wants to take a taxi so that he may get there in time.
他想坐出租車，這樣他就能及時到達那里。
i arrived at the airport earlier in order that i might meet him.
我早早地就到了機場為了能接到他。
4. 有時可以用于祈使句表示祝愿。
may you succeed.
祝你成功
may you be happy.
祝你快樂。
may that day come soon.
希望這一天早日到來。
b. can和could
1. 表示能力，可譯為“能，會”。
i can swim. 我會游泳。
emily can dance well and her mother could dance well when she was young.
艾米麗舞跳得很好，她媽媽年輕時舞跳得也很好。
the cinema can seat 1,000 people.
這電影院能容納1，000人。
i could not read such an easy book when i was 7 years old.
我七歲時連如此簡單的書我也看不懂。
2. 表示允許、許可，常用在口語中。could比can語氣上要客氣。
--- could i use your dictionary
我可以用一下你的字典嗎？
---yes, go ahead.
可以，用吧。（或yes, you can. 但不能說yes, you could.）
could can you tell me how to get to the zoo
勞駕，你能告訴我怎么去動物園嗎？
he asked me whether he could take the book out of the reading room.
他問我可不可以把書帶出閱覽室。
3.表示推測，可用于肯定句（can罕見）、否定句和疑問句，但更常見于疑問句或否定句。在此種用法中can和could沒有時態的區別，只是表示可能性的大小，can表示推測的可能性比could大。
can he be ill at home
他會是生病在家嗎？
can the story be true
這個故事會是真的嗎？
he cannot be at home.
他不可能在家。
you mustn't smoke while you are walking around in the woods. you could start a fire.
在林子里走時一定不要吸煙，那樣可能會引起火災。
4.表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態度，主要用于否定句和疑問句中。
how can you be so careless
你怎么這么粗心？
where can could they have gone
他們會去了哪里？
he can'tcouldn't be over sixty.
他不可能超過60歲。
5.could可以用在虛擬條件句中。
if i could fly, i should be very happy.
如果我能飛， 我會很高興。
if you had followed my advice, you could have finished it.
如果你當時聽我的，你早就做完了。
if you had tried harder, you could have passed your exam.
如果你再努力些，你就能通過考試了。
6.can與be able to的區別
①can表示“能力”時，和be able to相當，許多場合都可以互相替換。但當敘述過去經過一番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊說明，表示你有能力時，只能用be able to。
【正】can you speak any foreign languages
你會說外語嗎？
【正】are you able to speak any foreign languages
你會說外語嗎？
【誤】the fire spread the building quickly but everybody could escape.
【正】the fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.
大火迅速蔓延到整幢大樓，但大家都逃了出來。
【正】the fire spread the building quickly but everybody managed to escape.
大火迅速蔓延到整幢大樓，但大家都想法逃了出來。
②be able to 比can有更多形式。
no one could answer the question.
沒人能回答這個問題。（這里could可用was able to 代替）
when he grows up, he will be able to support his family.
他長大后就能養家了。
frank is ill. he hasn't been able to go to school for one week.
弗蘭克病了，已經一周沒去上學了。
i'm sorry for not being able to help you in time.
對不起，不能及時幫你的忙。
③could經常和動詞see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand等連用。
when we went into the house, we could smell something burning.
當我們走進屋子時，我們聞到什么東西燒焦了。（不用was able to）
she spoke in a very low voice, but i could understand what she said.
雖然她講話的聲音很低，但我還是明白了她說的話。
④在談論說話時發生的動作，用can，不用be able to。
【誤】look! i'm able to swim.
【正】look! i can swim.
看，我會游泳了！
c.must和have to
1.must表示有做某一動作的必要或義務，強調主觀看法，可譯為“必須，應該”。
everyone must obey the rule.
人人都必須遵守制度。
we must do everything step by step.
我們必須逐步做每件事。
teachers must be patient enough with their students.
老師必須對學生有足夠的耐心。
2.have to 表示因客觀需要促使主語不得不做某事。
you can't turn right here. you have to turn left.
你不能在這里右拐，你必須左拐。
my eyesight is very poor. i have to wear glasses for reading.
我的視力很差，看書時不得不戴眼鏡。
you have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence.
你在取得駕照之前必須先通過考試。
提示：
在口語中，我們可以使用have got to來代替have to.
i've got to work on sunday.
我不得不星期天工作。
when has ann got to go
安必須什么時候走？
3.must 與have to的比較。
must 與have to在表示“必須”這個意思時意義相近，但在用法上有所區別。
①must含有說話者的強烈決意（表示主觀的看法），have to 則表示外力環境或習慣使然（即表示客觀的必要，作“不得不”解）。
i must study hard.
我必須努力學習。（發自內心的決定）
i have to study hard.
我不得不努力學習。（外界因素逼迫）
you must stay for supper.
你必須留下來吃晚飯。（because i want you to）
you have to stay for supper.
你得留下來吃晚飯。（because there is nowhere else to go）
②must只有一種形式，而have to可有多種時態。
they had to put off the sports meet due to the bad weather.
由于壞天氣，他們不得不推遲運動會。
these last two days he has had to take a rest at home.
這兩天他必須一直在家休息。
③must的否定式和have to的否定式的意思完全不同。
you must keep it a secret. you mustn't tell anyone.
你必須保密，你不可以告訴任何人。（mustn't表示“禁止”）
you don't have to tell me the secret. 你不必告訴我這個秘密。
（don't have to意思是“沒有必要”= don't need to）
4.must用于表示推測，它的肯定程度比may, might, could大得多，一般只用于肯定句。
①must do (這里的do通常是狀態動詞或系動詞) ，表示對現在狀態的推測。
he must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy.
他肯定很懶，因為他的課桌很不整潔。
carol must get very bored with her job. she does the same thing every day.
卡羅爾肯定對她的工作厭煩了，她每天都做同樣的事。
②must be doing表示對現在動作或狀態的推測。
put on more clothes. you must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
多穿點兒衣服，你只穿一件襯衣，肯定覺得冷。
③must have done表示對過去的動作或狀態的推測。
the ground is wet. it must have rained last night.
地面是濕的，昨晚肯定下雨了。
i didn't hear the phone. i must have been asleep.
我沒聽見電話鈴響，我一定是睡著了。
提示：
must表示推測只用于肯定句，否定句和疑問句要用can, could來代替must。
he's just had his lunch. he can't be hungry already.
他剛吃過午飯，不會餓的。
they have just arrived here. they can't know many people.
他們剛到這里，不可能認識很多人。
leslie walked past me without speaking. he can'tcouldn't have seen me.
萊斯利從我身邊走過而沒打招呼，他肯定沒看見我。
5.must可用來表示根據邏輯推理必然要發生的事，可譯為“必然會，總是會”。
we all must die.
我們都會死。
truth must be out.
真相必然會大白的。
winter must be followed by spring.
冬天到了，春天還會遠嗎？
6.must有時可用來表示“偏偏”的意思。
why must it rain today
為什么偏偏在今天下雨？
when i was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.
正當我午睡時，偏偏一個學生在這個時候來敲門。
情態動詞 篇4
XX高考二輪復習英語學案專題七 情態動詞和虛擬語氣
【典例精析】
1.（ 全國卷ii， 8） _______ he had not hurt his leg, john would have won the race.
a. if b. since c. though d. when
【解析】a 有題干可知，“若不是他傷了腿，約翰就能贏得比賽了”，運用了虛擬語氣，故用if。
2.（山東卷, 24） thank you for all your hard work last week. i don’t think we ____ it without you.
a. can manage b. could have managed
c. could manage d. can have managed
【解析】 b 此題考查情態動詞表示虛擬意義的用法。i don’t think…是否定前移。意為：我認為沒有你我們本不能做成這件事的。此題關鍵是要根據句意知道是虛擬語氣，其基本形式是情態動詞（過去式）+have done,所以其他選項皆可排除。
【答案】b
3（09福建）. but for the help of my english teacher, i____the first prize in the english writing competition.
a. would not win b. would not have won c. would win d. would have won
【答案】b 虛擬語氣。此處虛擬語氣表示與過去事實相反，句子謂語動詞用would/should/could/might + have done結構，故選b。
4.（09湖南）— it’s the office! so you _____ know eating is not allowed here.
— oh, sorry.
a. must b. will c. may d. need
【解析】a 句意為：這是辦公室！因此你必須知道吃的不允許帶到這里。must表示“絕不”的意思。
5.（09海南）what do you mean, there are only ten tickets? there _____ be twelve
a. should b. would c. will d. shall
【答案】a。 你這是什么意思，只有十張票嗎?應該有十二人。should表示“應該，應當”。
6.（09上海）it_____ have been tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.
a. may b. can c. must d. should
【解析】c 考查情態動詞的基本用法。此處表示肯定性較強的猜測，故答案選c。
7.（09四川）—i don’t care what people think.
—well, you _______
a. could b. would c. should d. might
【解析】c考查情態動詞的用法。答話的人提了一個建議——你應該關注別人對你的評價的。should可以用來向別人提建議，所以答案為：c
8.（09天津）this printer is of good quality. if it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
a. would b. should c. could d. might
【解析】b 考查虛擬語氣中的情態動詞用法。表示對將來情況的虛擬假設，條件從句可以用should+v.原形；
9.（09重慶）—hi, tom. any idea where jane is?
—she_____in the classroom. i saw her there just now.
a. shall be b. should have been c. must be d. might have been
【答案】c 考查情態動詞表示猜測的用法。由后面的just now暗示現在一定在教室推知對現在情況的猜測，故答案為c.
10.（09全國2）i can’t leave. she told me that i______stay here until she comes back.
a. can b. must c. will d. may
【解析】b 考查情態動詞的基本用法。由前面的i can’t leave.推知我必須呆在這里，故答案為b。
11.（09江蘇）11. he did not regret saying what he did but felt that he____ it differently.
a. could express b. would express
c. could have expressed d. must have expressed
【解析】c 考查情態動詞的用法。由前面的后悔表示做過啦，故后面的意思為本能夠表達的不同，答案為c符合。
【專題突破】情態動詞和虛擬語氣密不可分，情態動詞表示推測的考查，虛擬語氣中對情態動詞的考查，這些都是需要注意的地方，要想突破，可以從語境、語義、說話者的語氣等方面著手，具體說：
1.根據時間確定時態、時間段
即要分清情態動詞表推測時涉及的是現在情況還是過去情況。原則上說，若對現在情況進行推測，情態動詞后接動詞原形或進行式；若對過去情況進行推測，則后接動詞的完成式(這通常是高考的重點)；若是對正在發生的情況進行推測，后接動詞的進行式；判斷出時間段套用現在、過去、將來虛擬語氣的句式。
2.充分利用句子語境、語義
綜觀歷年高考英語情態動詞和虛擬語氣的考查情況，有相當一部分考題從本質上看都是在考查情態動詞在具體語境、語義中的運用，即只要考生能弄清各個被考查情態動詞的意思，就可作出正確選擇。
3.注意分清適用句型
即要分清所考查的情態動詞是用于肯定句型，還是用于疑問句型或否定句型，同時還要注意情態動詞在某些特殊情況下所使用的特殊句型。
4.弄清說話者的語義、語氣推斷屬于哪個時間段的情況，正確把握隱含、混合等虛擬語氣。
5.掌握固定句式，從固定句式著手，套用虛擬語氣句型。
1.—catherine, i have cleaned the room for you.
—thanks. you _________it. i could manage it myself.
a. needn’t do b. needn’t have done
c. mustn’t do d. shouldn’t have done
【解析】b 句子的語境是：“我自己能做”，所以“你本不必做的”。選a還是b呢？根據前面一句中的 have cleaned 可知，動作已經發生，所以此處談論的是一個過去情況，故選 needn’t have done。
2. this cake is very sweet. you _________ a lot of sugar in it.
a. should put b. could have put c. might put d. must have put
【解析】d前文說“蛋糕很甜”，下文的語境顯然應該是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”，故用“must+完成式”表示對過去情況的肯定推測。
3. —the woman biologist stayed in africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
— oh, dear! she _________ a lot of difficulties!
a. may go through b. might go through
c. ought to have gone through d. must have gone through
【解析】d由上文的stayed可知，此題是對過去情況有把握的肯定推測。句意為“那個女生物學家呆在非洲研究野生動物XX年才回來。”“天啊！她一定經歷了不少苦難！”
4. helen _________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
a. shall b. must c. may d. can
【解析】c由于下文說“她還沒有把握”，所以前文要用may表示沒有把握的肯定推測，即“可能會與我們去旅行”。
5. —i’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—it _________ harry’s. he always wears green.
a. has to be b. will be c. mustn’t be d. could be
【解析】d 后文說“他總是穿綠色衣服”，據此語境可推知，這件衣“可能是”哈利的，could表示可能性。
6. —do you know where david is? i couldn’t find him anywhere.
—well. he _________have gone far—his coat’s still here.
a. shouldn’t b. mustn’t c. can’t d. wouldn’t
分析：答案選c。后文說“他的外套還在這里”，據此語境可知“他不可能走遠了”，故選can’t
5. he paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free.
a. could b. would c. must d. need
【解析】a could have done的意思是“本來可以做某事”。句子語境為“雖然他本來能夠免費入場，但他買了票”。
6. —lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
—she _________. i’ve already borrowed one.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. needn’t d. shouldn’t
【解析】c 既然“我已經借了一本”，所以“她就沒有必要借給我了”。needn’t在此表示“不必”。
7.the world wide web is sometimes jokingly called the world wide wait because it _________be very slow.
a. should b. must c. will d. can
【解析】 d在通常情況下，情態動詞 can 表示推測時，只用于否定句和疑問句，不用于肯定句，但有一種特殊情況就是它可以用于肯定句中表理論上的推測或表示“有時”之意，而此題考查的正是can 表示“有時”的用法。
8. zhang lin was addicted to computer games during his last year in high school , otherwise he____________a student of beijing university .
a.would have been b.should be c.has been d.had been
【解析】a otherwise引起虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣屬于含蓄型的，由句意可以得知是與過去的事實相反，主句用 would have done。
9. ---your sister nearly _______ all her spare time to her study during the three years.
----that's right， or she ________ the first place in her school in the college entrance examination.
a. devoted; wouldn't have taken b. spent; wouldn't have taken
c. had devoted; hadn't taken d. had spent; couldn't take
【解析】a devote … to 為固定搭配，因此第一個空應從ac選。or 翻譯成“否則，要不然”，相當于otherwise，引起句子運用虛擬語氣，主句用 would have done。
10.—any information about your son?
—no. if only i ______ those tough words to him.
a.didn't say b.hadn't said
c.shouldn't have said d.couldn't have said
【解析】b if only 引起的句子要用虛擬語氣。與wish跟從句用虛擬的規則一樣。與過去的事實相反，用過去完成時態。
11. it is vital that we _____ act out at once to protect the environment.
a. would b. should c. will d. can
【解析】b it is vital/important/strange/necessary/natural…that 從句中，從句運用should跟動詞原形。
12. john’s pale face suggested that he ______ill, and his parents suggested that he ______a medical examination.
a. be, should have b. was, have c. should be, had d. was, has
【解析】b suggest表示“表明，暗示”時，賓語從句不用虛擬語氣，而表示“建議”時，要用should 跟動詞原形的虛擬語氣。根據句意可以得知，答案為b
13. but for the leadership of our party and our government, we __________ these splendid results.
a.have achieved b.shouldn’t have achieved
c.should have achieved d.would achieve
【解析】b but for 相當于without，可以用if 非真實條件句替換。有句意可知時發生在過去，與過去事實相反。
14. --where have you been?
--i_______in the heavy traffic. otherwise i______here earlier.
a. got stuck; would have come b. got stuck; was
c. have got stuck; would have come d. had got stuck; would come
【解析】a 由句意得知被交通堵塞困住是發生在過去，第一空用一般過去時，排除cd，第二空為與過去事實相反，故選a
15.he hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.
a. had scored b. scored c. would score d. would have scored
【解析】d 這是otherwise 引出的含蓄虛擬語氣，再根據前面的 hesitated 可進一步知道這是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣 .
【學法導航】考生在復習情態動詞和虛擬語氣時要注意如下幾點：
1.掌握情態動詞的基本用法；2.正確辨析相近意義的情態動詞；3.把握常用情態動詞句式；
4.學生要明確所敘述的內容不可能發生或發生的可能性很小時，要用虛擬語氣；
5.把握虛擬語氣的常用句式； 6.正確辨析混合時間的虛擬語氣，如果條件句中的動作和主句的動作不是同時發生，主句和從句的謂語動詞的形式應分別根據各自所表示的時間加以調整。
7.注意虛擬語氣中的倒裝句，如果虛擬語氣的條件從句謂語動詞中含有were, had, should，有時可將if省去，而將條件從句的主語置于were, had, should, 之后
8.分清含蓄條件句，有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中不總是出現if引導的條件句，而通過用其他詞來代替條件句，常見詞有otherwise, or, but for 和if only等
9. 掌握在表語從句，同位語從句和主語從句中，表示間接的命令、要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。 從句中的謂語動詞是should +動詞原型，should 可以省略。
10.掌握口語中的虛擬語氣和固定句式中的虛擬語氣。
【專題綜合】1. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.
a. breaks b. has broken
c. were broken d. had been broken
2. but for the help you gave me, i _______ the examinations.
a. would have passed b. would pass
c. wouldn’t have passed d. wouldn’t pass
3. i forget where i read the article, or i _____ it to you now.
a. will show b. would show c. am going to show d. am showing
4. “it looks as if he were drunk.” “so it does. _____.”
a. he’d better give up drinking b. he shouldn’t have drunk so much
c. health is more important than drink d. i wonder why he is always doing so
5. “mary looks hot and dry” “so _____ you if you had so high a fever.”
a. do b. are c. will d. would
6. “he will come tomorrow.” “but i’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.”
a. will come b. is coming c. came d. had come
7. all the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.
a. should be; be operated on b. were; must be operated on
c. was; should be operated d. was; be operated on
8. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
a. was he given up b. had he given up c. did he give d. if he gave up
9. “i still haven’t thanked aunt lucy for her present.” “it’s time you _____.”
a. do b. did c. had d. would
10. “do you know his address？” “no, i also wish i _____ where he _____.”
a. knew, live b. knew, lives c. know, lives d. know, lived
11. it is hard for me to imagine what i would be doing today if i ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the melinda cox library in my hometown.
a. wouldn’t have fallen b. had not fallen
c. should fall d. were to fall
12. without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
a. would be freezing cold b. will be freezing coldly
c. would be frozen cold d. can freeze coldly
13. look at the trouble i am in! if only i _____your dvice.
a. followed b. would follow c. had followed d. should follow
14. ---- don't you think it necessary that he _______ to miami but to new york?
---- i agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.
a. will not be sent; that b. not be sent; that
c. should not be sent; what d. should not send; what
15. if i____plan to do anything i wanted to ,i’d like to go to tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
a.would b.could c.had to d.ought to
16. ____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
a. would you be b. should you be c. could you be d. might you be
17. if it were not for the fact that she_______sing, i would invite her to the party.
a.couldn’t b.shouldn’t c.can’t d.might not
18. after hours of repair, the driver tried to start the machine but it __________ work.
a. won’t b. shouldn’t c. wouldn’t d. couldn’t
19. you ________ pay too much attention to your assignment, for it is that important.
a. must b. needn’t c. cannot d. need
20. he _________ another career, but at the time, he didn’t have enough money to attend graduate school.
a. might choose b. might have chosen c. had to choose d. must have chosen
參考答案和解析
1.【解析】c as if 引導的句子，有時用虛擬語氣，有時不用。原則上說，若指事實或可能為事實，不用虛擬語氣；若指現在，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時（be 用 were）；若指過去用過去完成時，若指將來用過去將來時或用 were to do sth.
2.【解析】c but for 的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出與事實相反的假設，通常與虛擬語氣連用。根據句中的 the help you gave me，可知它表示與過去事實相反，故選c.
3.【解析】b根據上文的語境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個虛擬的條件，即 or=if i didn’t forget where i read the article（要是我沒忘記我在哪兒讀過這篇文章的話——但事實上忘了）。
4.【解析】d關鍵信息是it looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語氣，句子既然用了虛擬語氣，也就是說，“他喝醉了”不是事實，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是d.
5.【解析】d 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語從句的謂語用的是虛擬語氣（這是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應選d.
6.【解析】c 按照英語習慣，would rather 后接that 從句時，從句謂語通常要用虛擬語氣，即用過去式表示現在或將來，用過去完成時表示過去。
7.【解析】d insist后的從句謂語有時用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣，有時不用，具體要看該謂語動詞所表示的含義。一般說來，若該謂語動詞所表示的動作尚未發生，或尚未成為事實，則用虛擬語氣；若該謂語動詞所表示的動作已經發生，或已經成為事實，則要用陳述語氣。分析上題的句意，可知只有選d最合適。
8.【解析】b是因為時態前后有矛盾。由于主句謂語是would not have got，這表明是對過去事實作出的假設，所以從句謂語應該是 had given up，而不是像d項那樣用一般過去時。另外，當虛擬條件句中有 had, should, were 等詞時，通常可以省略 if，并將 had, should, were 提前置于句首。
9.【解析】b it’s time you did 為 it’s time you thanked aunt lucy for her present 之略。按照英語語法，it’s time 后從句通常要用過去式。
10.【解析】b第一空填 knew，因為 i wish 后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣（即用過去式表示現在的想法）；第二空要填lives，即用陳述語氣，因為 where he lives 是一個客觀事實，而不是 i wish 的內容。
11.【解析】b 此題涉及錯綜時間虛擬條件句，主句與現在事實相反，條件句與過去事實相反。句意為：要不是在七歲時就迷上了 melinda cox 圖書館，我真不能想像我如今會在做什么。
12.【解析】a without 引出的介詞短語為一個與現在事實相反的含蓄條件句。
13.【解析】c if only 意為“,但愿，要是……就好了”，其后的句子謂語要用虛擬語氣，用以表達愿望或非真實條件，同時根據 句意可以得知從句是與過去事實相反
14.【解析】b本題考查虛擬語氣和表語從句。在it is necessary that…句型中，從句中常常用虛擬語氣，其形式為“should+動詞原型”，should也可以省略。第二空考查了表語從句。that沒有實際的意義，只起一個連接的作用。
15.【解析】b考查虛擬語氣。從主句的謂語動詞及句意推測應選b。其他選項不符合題意。
16.【解析】 b 本題考查了虛擬語氣的倒裝。如果虛擬語氣的條件從句謂語動詞中含有were, had, should，有時可將if省去，而將條件從句的主語置于were, had, should之后。
17.【解析】c雖然前有虛擬條件句, 后有使用了虛擬語氣，但the fact不是與事實相反，而是現在的真實情況， 故不用虛擬語氣。
18.【解析】c,表示機器什么的不能工作了。是一種關于性能方面的，很固定的用法。
19.【解析】c can not too...to 是詞組，意思是就算怎么樣也不過分。
20.【解析】b可是根據句子的意思。must have chosen 是本來肯定會------，故答案為b。
情態動詞 篇5
第九章 情態動詞
我們使用語言有時需要提出要求、意向或建議，有時需要表達我們的愿望和打算。我們也可能想更禮貌一些，更得體一些。為了表達上述意義我們需要一組叫情態動詞的動詞。情態動詞有時又叫情態助動詞。情態動詞本身雖有一定詞義，但不能獨立用作謂語、也沒有人稱和數的變化，其后一定要跟隨動詞原形，共同構成復合謂語。
一、情態動詞的特點及形式
情態動詞是用于表示說話人的某種感情或語氣的詞類，有自己的詞義，但是不能單獨作謂語 ，而必須與其他原形動詞共同構成謂語。
情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化(因此單數第三人稱不加s)，有過去式，但無分詞形式。
經常使用的情態動詞有：can, may, must, ought to, will, shall, would, should, need , dare等。它們的不同形式分別表示請求、允諾、愿望、命令、能力、需要、拒絕等情感和態度。
例如：
you may come in now.
你現在可以進來。(表示“許可”)
the schoolbag can hold so many books.
這個書包能裝下這么多的書。(表示“能夠”)
you must be here on time.
你必須準時到這兒。(表示“必須”)
you mustn't make a friend with such a man.
你絕不能與這樣的人交朋友。(表示“禁止”)
二、情態動詞的用法
1.can, could, be able to
(1)can表示能力，其疑問形式表示請求，其否定形式常表示猜測。can只有現在時和過去時 兩種形式，其他時態只能用be able to進行表達。
can i sit here?
我可以坐在這里嗎?(表示“請求”)
she could play the violin well when she was a little girl. (表示“過去的能力”)
她很小的時候就能出色地演奏小提琴了。
they have not been able to beat the brazilian team.
他們沒有能夠打敗巴西隊。(完成時用be able to表示)
she can't be there now.
她現在不可能在那里。(表示“猜測”)
(2)could用于疑問句，表示比can更為客氣的語氣；could用于肯定句可以表示沒有多大把握 的猜測或表示過去曾有過的能力；could還可用于虛擬語 氣表示與現在情況相反的假設。
could i sit here?
我可以坐在這里嗎?(比can更為客氣的請求)
she could be serious, but i don't think so.
她可能是認真的，但我不這樣認為。
we wish we could go to the moon like the two americans.
我們要是能像那兩個美國人一樣也去月球看看多好啊。(虛擬語氣)
she could type 100 words within one minute in her twenties.
她二十多歲的時候，能夠在一分鐘之內打一百個字。(表示過去的能力)
(3)was (were) able to與could的區別是表示不但有能力，而且曾經做過某件事情。
he was able to swim across the yangtze river last summer.
他去年夏天能夠游過長江。
he was able to leave germany for america during the world war 2.
在二戰期間，他設法離開德國去了美國。
2.may， might
may用于陳述句表示“可以”，“允許”的意思；還可以表示“可能”。例如：
you may sit down.
你可以坐下。(表示“允許”)
you may be correct.
你可能是正確的。(表示“猜測”)
may用于疑問句表示“請求”；用于否定句表示說話人“不允許”，“不許可”。
may i take the dictionary away?
我可以把這本詞典拿走嗎?(表示“請求”)
you may not take it away.
=i don't want you to take it away.
我不允許你把它拿走。(表示“拒絕”)
注意：may引導的疑問句，肯定回答用：yes, you may.否定回答用： no, you mustn't. (no, you can't或no, you had better not.)表示“千萬不要”，“不可 以”，“禁止”的意思。
may i come in?
我可以進來嗎?
yes, please. no, you mustn't.
請進。 不，不行。
might(could)用于一般現在時，表示更為委婉和禮貌的語氣。
i'm afraid it might rain this evening.
我看今晚恐怕要下雨。
might i ask a question?
我可以提個問題嗎?
might可用于表示與現在的事實相反情況的虛擬語氣。
if the boy were older, he might understand.
要是這孩子年齡再大一些，他就可能懂了。
if i were you, i might finish it earlier.
如果我是你，我會更早一些干完這件事。
may和 might用于從句中表示目的，意為“以便能……”、“使……可以”。he wrote down my address so that he might remember it well.他把我的地址寫下來了，以便能記住。
3.must, have to
must強調個人的意志和主觀的決心，意為“一定，必須”； have to側重于客觀上 的必要，強調客觀條件作用的結果，意為“務必，不得不”。如果用于過去時或將來時 ，要用have to來代替，但must可用于間接引語，表示過去的必要和義務。
you must stop smoking.
你必須把煙戒掉。(強調主觀意志)
you must complete the painting before next friday.
你必須在下星期五以前完成這幅畫。(強調主觀)
i have to stop the car and wait for the policeman.
我不得不停車等那個警察。(強調客觀)
there was little time left and she had to drive quickly to the airport.
剩下的時間不多了，她只得開快點趕往機場。(用于一般過去時)
you'll have to wait for me for a little while tomorrow.
你明天得稍微等我一會兒。(用于將來時)
she said she must do well in her english.
她說她必須要把英語學好。(用于間接引語)
must構成的疑問句，回答的否定形式經常是needn't或don't have to，意為“不必要”，“不用……”，而不說mustn't(除非特別強調)。
must i hand it in before five?
我必須在五點鐘以前把它交上去嗎?
yes, you must. no, you needn't.
是的，必須交。 不，用不著。
must的肯定句，還經常用于表示推測。
he must be at home.
他肯定在家里呢。(對現在情況的推測)
they must have gone back to their hometown.
他們一定是回老家去了。(對過去的事的推測)
they must be repairing your car at the garage.
他們肯定在車間修你的車呢。(對現在的行為的推測)
4.need
need可以作情態動詞使用，也可作行為動詞使用。
作為情態動詞使用，need沒有時態與人稱的變化，并且多在否定句，疑問句和條件句中使 用，含義為“需要，必須”。
you need not hand in the exercise today.
你不必今天交作業。(=i don't think you need hand in the exercise today.)
need we find time to go into the question?
要不要我們找時間把這個問題深入研究一下?
(=do you think we need find time to go into the question?)
if you need repair your car, come to me.
如果你需要修車，就來找我。
need 作情態動詞時的用法，情態need 表需要，沒有時態、數、人稱，其后直接跟動詞，用于疑問和否定。
注意：①need作為情態動詞，一般不在肯定句中使用。在肯定句 中通常用must, have to, ought to, should等。例如：
need i tell mr. li about it?
我是否需要把這件事情告訴李先生?
(否定回答)no, you needn't.
不，沒有必要。
(肯定回答)yes, you must. you must tell him about it.
是的，你必須把這件事情告訴他。
②這里“need i...?”與“must i...?”在意思上差別不大，因此回答也是一樣的，肯定為 must，否定用needn't。
③needn't+ have done表示“做了本不需要做的事”。例如：
you needn't have completed so many exercises.
你本來不必完成這么多習題。(實際已經做完了)
she need't have gone there with him.
她本來沒有必要和他一塊去那里。(實際已去了)
need作實義動詞(或稱行為動詞)使用時，其句型變化與其他行為動詞一樣，要加助動詞do , does, did等等。例如：
i need your help.
我需要你的幫助。
do you need anything to eat?
你要不要吃點東西?
she doesn't need to take any medicine.
她不需要吃藥。
注意：
need作為動詞使用，賓語可以是動名詞或不定式；動名詞用主動形式，而不定式一定要接用被動形式。例如：
this car needs repairing.
(=this car needs to be repaired.)
這輛汽車需要修理。
does this shirt need washing?
(=does this shirt need to be washed?）
這件襯衣需要洗嗎?
5.should， would
should后接原形動詞表示應該做某事或承擔責任、義務；should還可以表示一種推測。
例如：
you should work harder and pass the exam.
你應該更加努力，通過考試。(表示應該)
he should brush his teeth before going to bed.
他應該睡覺以前把牙刷一下。(表示應該)
she should have arrived in hong kong by this time.
她這時候已經到香港了。(表示推測)
the book is written by a famous professor, so it should be selling well.
(表示推測)
這本書是一位著名教授寫的，應該很有賣點。
would有兩種用法：
①多用于一般現在時，表示比will更為婉轉的請求。
②用于一般過去時，表示過去的習慣性行為。
例如：
would you like a cup of tea?
來一杯茶好嗎?(婉轉的請求)
would you show me the way to the post office?
請告訴我去郵局怎么走好嗎?(請求)
when even they came to see him, they would bring him a lot of farm products.
無論何時他們來看他，總會給他帶來許多農產品。(表示過去的習慣)
each time he passed the food shop, he would buy some chocol ate for his daughter.
每次路過食品店，他都會給女兒買些巧克力。(表示過去的習慣)
6.would， used to
would和used to都表示過去的習慣和過去反復發生的動作，但would只強調過去的情況，后 面通常接表示動作的動詞不能接表示狀態的動詞。而used to強調過去的情況與現在的情況 的對比，說明現在情況不同了。
each time his mother's birthday came, he would buy her a present .
每次到他母親生日的時候，他都要給她買一件禮物。(表示過去的習慣)
my father used to go to the office by bike when he was young.
我父親年輕的時候總是騎車去上班。(現在不是這樣了)
when he had a meal at this restaurant, he would sit at the table by the window.
當他在這家餐廳吃飯時，總是坐在靠窗的桌子邊。(過去的習慣)
he used to drink so much when he lost his job.
當他失業時，他酗酒很厲害。(現在不酗酒了)
比較：must, may和might用于表示猜測的區別：
must表示最大的可能性，意思是“必定，一定，肯定”；
do you notice the way the man speaks? he must be a business man.
你注意到這個人說話的方式了嗎?他一定是一個商人。
look at the fire over there! something must be happening to mr. cameron's house.
看那邊的大火!肯定是卡梅隆家出事了。
someone must have told you the news yesterday.
昨天一定是有人已經告訴了你這個消息。
may表示的可能性小于must，意為“可能”。
the opportunity may come at any time.
機會可能會隨時到來的。
go to miss li and she may help you with it.
去找李老師，她可能會幫助你解決此事。
your parents may know nothing about it.
你父母對此可能一無所知。
might表示的可能性最小，意為“也許，大概”。might表示可能性，不含有過去時的意思。
they might be at susan's house.
他們也許都在蘇姍家呢。
your mother might be angry with you.
你媽媽大概生你的氣了。
mr. cameron might refuse to attend the meeting today.
卡梅隆先生今天可能會拒絕出席會議。
7.dare
dare作為情態動詞，意為“敢于，敢做……”，多用在否定句、疑問句或條件狀語從句中。
例如：
the girl dare not stay here alone in this empty house.
這個姑娘不敢獨自一人呆在這所空房子里。
dare you swim across the river?
你敢游到河那邊去嗎?
how dare you do such a thing?
你怎么敢做這樣的事情?
i don't know if she dare say that to him.
我不知道她敢不敢跟他說那話。
三、情態動詞+have+ done的用法
1. must have done與can't (couldn't) have done
must have done用于表示對過去的肯定推測，只能用于肯定句，表示“一定……，肯定已經 ……”；而can't (couldn't) have done用于表示對過去的否定的推測，用于否定句， 表示“不可能……”。
look at your school report. you must have made a lot of mistakes in your test papers.
看看你的成績單。你一定是在試卷上出了好多錯。
she suddenly fell down on her way to school, she must have been ill.
她在去上學的路上突然摔倒了，肯定是生病了。
he can't have been in his office this time yesterday.
昨天這個時間他不可能在他的辦公室里。
she couldn't have seen me because i wasn't there at all yesterday.
昨天她不可能看見我，因為我根本沒在那里。
2.may (might) have done
該結構只用于肯定句或否定句之中，表示對過去情況的猜測，意為“也許”，“已經”，“ 本來可以”等。其否定形式含義為“大概不會”，“可能不是”等。而疑問句形式要用can 或could來 提問。
he may have arrived in america by now.
到這時候他可能已經到達美國了。
i might have told you about the things earlier.
我本來可以早一些告訴你這些情況的。
i might have lent him more money when he came to me.
當他來找我時，我本可以多借給他一些錢。
could he have returned it?
他不會不還這些錢吧?
3.ought to have done與should have done
這兩種結構都表示過去必須做的事而沒做，含有“本來應該怎樣”的意思。
you ought to have gone into this question earlier.
你本來應該再早一些深入研究一下這個問題。
they ought to have prepared the work for the meeting more carefully.
他們本該把會議工作準備得更充分一些。
he should have done better in the car race.
他本應該在汽車大賽之中表現得更好一些。
we should have climbed up to the top of the mountain.
我們本來應該爬到山頂的。
4.needn't have done
該結構表示過去不需要做的事情，但卻已經做了，含有“本來不必怎樣”的意思。
you needn't have done it instead of him yesterday.
你昨天原本不必替他做那件事情的。
he needn't have given her so much money at that time.
那時他本來不必給她那么多的錢。
there were plenty of time, she needn't have hurried.
時間很充裕，她本不必匆忙
情態動詞 篇6
1. sorry i’m late. i ____have turned off the alarm clock andgone back to sleep again.
a.might b. should c.can d.will
2.----write to me when you get home.
----________.
a. i must b.i should c.i will d.i can
3.i was really anxious about you . you ______home without aword.
a. mustn’t leave b.shouldn’t haveleft
c. couldn’t have left d. needn’tleave
4. --------i hear you’ve got a set of valuable coins. ______ ihave a look?
-------- yes, certainly.
a. do b.may c.shall d.should
5. oh, i’m not feeling well in the stomach . i_____ so muchfried chicken just now.
a. shouldn’teat b. mustn’thave eaten
c. shouldn’t haveeaten d. mustn’t eat
6. -------i heard they went skiing in the mountains lastwinter.
-----it _______true because there was littlesnow there.
a. may notbe b. won’tbe c.couldn’t be d. mustn’t be
7. -------the room is so dirty ._____we clean it?
-------of course.
a. will b.shall c.would d. do
8. my dictionary has disappeared. who _____have taken it?
a. should b.must c.could d.would
9. i often see lights in that empty house. do you think i ____report it to the police ?
a. should b.may c.will d. can
10.mr. white ______at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t showup.
a. should have arrived b.shouldarrive
c. should have had arrived d. should be arriving
11.----isn’t that ann’s husband over there ?
-----no, it _____ be him. i’m sure he doesn’twear glasses.
a.can’t b. must not c. won’t d.may not
12.------tom graduated from college at a very young age.
----- oh, he _____ havebeen a very smart boy then.
a.could b.should c.might d.must
13.------- i don’t mind telling you what i know.
--------you _____. i’m not asking you forit.
a. mustn’t b. maynot c.can’t d. needn’t
14. -----who is the girl standing over there?
------- well, if you _____know, her name ismabel.
a. may b.can c.must d. shall
15.----i’ll tell mary about her new job tomorrow.
-----you _____her last week.
a. ought to tell b. would havetold
c. musttell d.should have told
16. （福建卷）it is usually warm in my hometown in march， but it_____ be rather cold sometime。
a. must b. can c.should d.would
17.（湖南卷）you don't have to know the name of the author tofind a book. you _____ find the book by the title。
a. must b. need c.can d.would
18.（江蘇卷）
—i'm sorry. i ______ at you the other day。
—forget it. i was a bit out of control myself。
a. shouldn't shout b. shouldn't have shouted
c. mustn't shout c.mustn't have shouted
19（山東卷） thank you for all your hard work last week. i don'tthink we ______ it without you。
a. can manage b.could have managed
c. couldmanage d. can have managed
20（江西卷） what a pity. considering his ability and experience，he ____ better。
a. need have done b.must have done
c. can have done d.might have done
21（遼寧卷） peter ______ be really difficult at times eventhough he's a nice person in general。
a. shall b.should c.can d. must
22（全國ii） liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- shehates traveling。
a. will b. can c.must d. may
23（陜西卷）
—what sort of house do you want to have？ something big？
—well， it _________ be big--that's not important。
a. mustn't b. needn't c.can't d. won't
24（四川卷） although this ____ sound like a simple task， greatcare is needed。
a. must b.may c. shall d.should
25（浙江卷） you ______ be hungry already — you had lunch onlytwo hours ago！
a. wouldn't b. can't c.mustn't d.needn't
26（09安徽） some people who don’t like to talk much are notnecessarily shy；they justbe quiet people.
a.must b. may c.should d. would
27（09北京）one of the few things you ____ say about english peoplewith certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.
a. need b.must c.should d.can
28（09福建）. but for the help of my english teacher,i the first prize in the english writing competition.
a. would not win b. would not havewon
c. wouldwin d. would havewon
29（09湖南）
— it’s the office! so you knoweating is not allowed here.
— oh, sorry.
a. must b. will c. may d. need
30（09海南） what do you mean, there are only ten tickets?there be twelve
a. should b. would c.will d. shall
31（09上海）it_____ have been tom that parked the car here, as he isthe only one with a car.
a.may b.can c. must d.should
32（09四川）—i don’t care what people think.
—well, you _______
a.could b. would c.should d. might
33（09天津）this printer is of good quality. if it _______ breakdown within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
a.would b.should c.could d. might
34（09重慶）—hi, tom.any idea where jane is?
—she_____in the classroom.i saw her there just now.
a.shall be b.should have been
c.must be d. might have been
35（09全國2）10. i can’t leave. she told me that i stayhere until she comes back.
a.can b.must c.will d. may
keys: 1-5:acbbc 6-10:cbcaa 11-15: addcd
16-20bcbbd 21-25cdcbb 31-35 cccbcb
情態動詞 篇7
1 情態動詞的語法特征
1） 情態動詞不能表示正在發生或已經發生的事情，只表示期待或估計某事的發生。
2） 情態動詞 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。
3） 情態動詞沒有人稱，數的變化，即情態動詞第三人稱單數不加-s。
4） 情態動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式。
2 比較can 和be able to
1）can could 表示能力；可能 (過去時用could),
只用于現在式和過去式(could)。be able to可以用于各種時態。
they will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。
2）只用be able to
a. 位于助動詞后。
b. 情態動詞后。
c. 表示過去某時刻動作時。
d. 用于句首表示條件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事時，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。
he was able to flee europe before the war broke out.
= he managed to flee europe before the war broke out.
注意：could不表示時態
1）提出委婉的請求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。
--- could i have the television on?
--- yes, you can. / no, you can't.
2）在否定，疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。
he couldn't be a bad man.
他不大可能是壞人。
3 比較may和might
1） 表示允許或請求；表示沒有把握的推測；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。
may god bless you!
he might be at home.
注意： might 表示推測時，不表示時態。只是可能性比may 小。
2） 成語： may/might as well，后面接不帶to 的不定式，意為"不妨"。
if that is the case, we may as well try.
典型例題
peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
a. must b. may c. can d. will
答案b. 表可能性只能用may. 此句意可從后半句推出。
4 比較have to和must
1) 兩詞都是'必須'的意思，have to 表示客觀的需要， must 表示說話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。
my brother was very ill, so i had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫生請來。(客觀上需要做這件事)
he said that they must work hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事）
2) have to有人稱、數、時態的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務。
he had to look after his sister yesterday.
3） 在否定結構中： don't have to 表示"不必"
mustn't 表示"禁止"，
you don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告訴他。
you mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把這件事告訴他。
5 must表示推測
1) must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測，意為"一定"。
2) must表對現在的狀態或現在正發生的事情的推測時， must 后面通常接系動詞be 的原形或行為動詞的進行式。
you have worked hard all day.you must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（對現在情況的推測判斷）
he must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。
比較：
he must be staying there.
他現在肯定呆在那里。
he must stay there.
他必須呆在那。
3) must 表示對已發生的事情的推測時，must 要接完成式。
i didn't hear the phone. i must have been asleep. 我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了。
4) must表示對過去某時正發生的事情的推測，must 后面要接不定式的完成進行式。
---why didn't you answer my phone call?
---well, i must have been sleeping, so i didn't hear it.
5) 否定推測用 can't。
if tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果湯姆五點才離開這兒，他此時一定還未到家。
6 表示推測的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推測，其用法如下：
1）情態動詞+動詞原形。
表示對現在或將來的情況的推測，此時動詞通常為系動詞。
i don't know where she is, she may be in wuhan.
2）情態動詞+動詞現在進行時。
表示對現在或將來正在進行的情況進行推測。
at this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
這時，我們老師想必在批改試卷。
3）情態動詞+動詞完成時。
表示對過去情況的推測。
we would have finished this work by the end of next december.
明年十二月底前我們很可能已完成這項工作了。
the road is wet. it must have rained last night.
地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4）情態動詞+動詞的現在完成進行時。
表示對過去正在發生事情的推測。
your mother must have been looking for you.
你媽媽一定一直在找你。
5）推測的否定形式，疑問形式用can't, couldn't表示。
mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因為早上他是坐公共汽車來上班的。
注意：could, might表示推測時不表示時態，其推測的程度不如 can, may。
7 情態動詞+ have +過去分詞
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示過去，推測過去時間里可能發生的事情。
philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2) must have +done sth，對過去時間里可能發生的事情的推測，語氣較強，具有"肯定"，"諒必"的意思。
--- linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
---she must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
本應該做某事，而事實上并沒有做。否定句表示"不該做某事而做了"。
you ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
he ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事實上已扔了。）
ought to 在語氣上比should 要強。
4) needn't have done sth 本沒必要做某事
i dressed very warmly for the trip, but i needn't have done so. the weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
i would like to have read the article, but i was very busy then.
8 should 和ought to
should 和ought to 都為"應該"的意思，可用于各種人稱。
---ought he to go?
---yes. i think he ought to.
表示要求，命令時，語氣由 should（應該）、had better最好）、must（必須）漸強。
9 had better表示"最好"
had better 相當于一個助動詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動詞原形。
had better do sth
had better not do sth
it is pretty cold. you'd better put on my coat.
she'd better not play with the dog.
had better have done sth表示與事實相反的結果，意為"本來最好"。
you had better have come earlier.
10 would rather表示"寧愿"
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 寧愿……而不愿。
還有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"寧愿"、"寧可"的意思。
if i have a choice, i had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
i would rather stay here than go home. = i would stay here rather than go home.
典型例題
---- shall we go skating or stay at home?
----which ___ do?
a. do you rather b. would you rather c. will you rather d. should you rather
答案b。本題考查情態動詞rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意為"寧愿"，本題為疑問句， would 提前，所以選b。
11 will和would
注意：
1）would like； would like to do = want to 想要，為固定搭配。
would you like to go with me?
2）will you…? would you like…? 表示肯定含義的請求勸說時，疑問句中一般用some, 而不是any。
would you like some cake?
3）否定結構中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一種委婉語氣。
won't you sit down?
12 情態動詞的回答方式
問句 肯定回答 否定回答
need you…? yes, i must. no,i needn't
must you…? /don't have to.
典型例題
1）---could i borrow your dictionary?
---yes, of course, you____.
a. might b. will c. can d. should
答案c.could表示委婉的語氣，并不為時態。答語中of course，表示肯定的語氣，允許某人做某事時，用can和 may來表達，不能用could或might。復習： will 與you連用，用來提出要求或下命令。should與you 連用，用來提出勸告。
2）---shall i tell john about it?
---no, you ___. i've told him already.
a. needn't b. wouldn't c. mustn't d. shouldn't
答案a。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 將不, 不會的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不應該。本題為不需要，不必的意思，應用needn't。
3）---don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
a. i don't b. i won't c. i can't d. i haven't
答案b. will既可當作情態動詞，表請求、建議、也可作為實義動詞表"意愿、意志、決心"，本題表示決心，選b。
13 帶to 的情態動詞
帶to 的情態動詞有四個：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，為六個。它們的疑問，否定形式應予以注意：
do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
she didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
you ought not to have told her all about it.
ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作為情態動詞使用。其他的詞作為實義動詞使用，變疑問，否定時，須有do
等助動詞協助。
典型例題
tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
a.have told b.tell c.be telling d. having told
答案a。由于后句為過去時，告訴秘密的動作又發生在其前因，此地應用過去完成時，但它在情態動詞 ought to 后，所以用 have。
14 比較need和dare
這兩詞既可做實義動詞用，又可做情態動詞用。作為情態動詞，兩者都只能用于疑問句，否定句和條件句。 need 作實義動詞時后面的不定式必須帶to，而dare作實義動詞用時, 后面的to 時常可以被省略。
1) 實義動詞： need （需要, 要求）
need + n. / to do sth
2) 情態動詞： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式為need not。
need you go yet?
yes, i must. / no, i needn't.
3) need 的被動含義：need, want, require, worth（形容詞）后面接doing也可以表示被動：
need doing = need to be done
情態動詞 篇8
“情態動詞+have done”是情態動詞的一個十分重要的結構，這種結構有兩個主要的用法。
表示對過去發生的動作或狀態的推測或估計
may might have done
表示“大概已經”
通常用于肯定句和否定句。
might有時可用于疑問句。
can could have done
表示“可能已經”
通常用于疑問句和否定句。
could有時可用于肯定句。
must have done
表示“一定已經”
只用于肯定句，具有較大的可能性
should have done表示“該”,可能性較小
表示對過去發生的動作的遺憾或責備
might have done
表示“本可以
通常用于肯定句
could have done
表示“本可以
通常用于肯定句。
should have done
表示“應該
可用于肯定句、否定句和疑問句。
ought to have done
表示“應該”
同should have done。
needn't have done
表示“本沒有必要”
只用于否定句。
a. may /might /have done
1.表示對過去事實不大肯定的推測，常譯為“可能已經”。
they might have taken a later train. 也許他們乘坐的是晚一點兒的火車。
he seems to know the city quite well. he may have been there before. 他似乎對那個城市很熟悉，他以前可能去過那兒。
2.表示“本來應該或可以做但沒有做某事”，含有輕微的責備口吻或遺憾。
you might have given him more help, though you were busy. 你本來應該給他更多的幫助，雖然你很忙。
the proposal might have been refused. 這個建議本該拒絕的。
b. cancould have done
1.表示對過去事實的推測，常用于否定句和疑問句。
he can't couldn't have watched tv yesterday for he knew they would have an exam. 昨天他不可能看電視，因為他知道快要考試了。
i don't know why she didn't call me yesterday. can (could) she have forgotten my telephone number 我不知道昨天她為什么沒給我打電話，難道她會把我的電話號碼忘了嗎？
he didn't come to school yesterday. can he have been ill 他昨天沒來學校，難道他生病了？
2.could可表示對過去能做而未做的事感到惋惜、遺憾，可譯成“本來是可以……的”。
why didn't sophie apply for the job she could have got it. 為什么索菲不申請這項工作？她本來是能得到的。
why did you stay at a hotel when you went to new york you could have stayed with barbara. 你到紐約時為什么住賓館？你完全可以和芭芭拉住在一起的。
given more time, we could have done the work better. 如果給我們更多的時間，我們完全可以把這項工作干得更好。
c. must have done
1.表示對過去事實有把握的推測，具有較大的可能性。只用于肯定句中，否定句和疑問句用cancould have done。
his watch must have stopped. 他的表肯定停了。
--- i rang your flat yesterday. a man answered but i didn't recognize the voice. 昨天我給你家打電話，一位男士接了電話，但我沒聽出來是誰的聲音。
--- oh, it must have been my brother peter. 哦，那一定是我哥哥彼得。
2.用于虛擬語氣中時，表示與過去事實相反。
you must have caught the bus if you had got up earlier. 如果你早一點兒起床的話，你準能趕上那一班公共汽車了。（事實上沒有趕上公共汽車）
he must have won the game if he had been careful enough. 如果他足夠細心的話，他準能贏得比賽。.
d. needn't have done
用于對過去的責備，表示“沒有必要做某事，可是做了”。
the airport is close to us. you needn't have hurried there early. 機場離這兒很近，你沒必要早早地趕到那里。（可是你早早地到那兒了）
he is still young. you needn't have sent him such an expensive present. 他還小，你沒必要送他這么昂貴的禮物。
注意：
如表示“過去不必做也沒有做”之意，需用didn't need to do。
it is not cold today. i didn't need to take the thick sweaters out. 今天天氣不冷，我沒有必要把厚毛衣拿出來。（實際上也沒拿）
e. shouldought to have done
1.表示對過去動作的責備或批評。
you should have gone over your lessons. (in fact you didn't go over your lessons.) 你們應把功課復習好的。（可事實上你們沒有。）
you shouldn't have watched tv last night. (in fact you watched tv last night.) 你們昨天晚上本不該看電視。（可你們看了。）
you oughtn't to have entered the teachers' office without permission. 沒有經過允許，你們本不該進老師的辦公室。
you oughtn't to have gone to the deserted place alone. 你不該獨自去那荒涼之地。
2.表示期待或推測。
if the flight was on time, you should ought to have arrived in shanghai early this morning. 如果航班準點的話，你今早就能到上海了。
the building should ought to have been completed by the end of the week. 這幢建筑物本周末前應該能完工。
f.would have done
表示與過去事實相反的假設或結果。
i would have been happy to see him, but i didn't have time. 我會很高興和他見面的，但我沒時間見他。
if your father had still been alive, he would have felt very proud of you. 你父親如果還健在的話，他會為你驕傲的。
情態動詞 篇9
英語詞法專題講座十：情態動詞
一.情態動詞的用法
1. can 用法
1）表示能力，與be able to同義，但can只用于現在時和過去時，be able to可用于各種時態。
two eyes can see more than one.
注：can you … ? yes, i can / no, i can’t.
2). 表示允許、請求
用could比can 語氣更加委婉客氣，常用于could i /you …..? 句型中，若表示同意時，用can回答而不用could.
could i borrow the book ? no, you can’t.
3). 表示推測 “可能”常用于否定句或疑問句中。（can’t表示一定不是）
it can’t be true.
can it be true?
2. may 用法
1）表允許，請求= can
表示許可或征求對方的許可，常于第一人稱連用。
注：may i ….? yes, you may. no, you can’t / mustn’t.
在回答以may引起的問句時，多避免用這個詞，而用其它方式，如yes, please. / certainly.
2）表推測，可能、也許。常用于肯定句中。
maybe he knows the news. =
he _____ _____ the news.
3. must
1）表示義務。意為“必須”（主觀意志）。
we must do everything step by step.
注：must i ….? yes, you must / no, you needn’t (don’t have to ).
--must we hand in our exercise—books now?
--no, you needn’t. / no, you don’t have to.
2）mustn’t 表禁止、不允許。
you mustn’t talk to her like that.
3）表示揣測。意為“想必、準是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定、疑問句中must改為can.
he must be ill. he looks so pale.
she’s wearing a diamond necklace. she must have a lot of money.
注：must表推測時，其反義疑問句與must后面的動詞一致。
there must be something wrong, ____ ____?
4. need的用法
need既可用作情態動詞，也可用作實義動詞。用作情態動詞時，主要否定句或疑問句中。用作實義動詞時，可用于各種句式。
1). 用作情態動詞，用于否定句和疑問句中。
a). need i ….? yes, you must / no, you needn’t .
need we finish the work today ? yes you __?
a. need b. can c. may d. must
b). need + do sth . 變否定句：needn’t do sth
變疑問句：need sb do sth ?
2). 用作實義動詞
a). need + to do sth . we need _______(buy) some school things .
變否定句：don’t /doesn’t /didn’t +need to do sth .
變疑問句：do / does /did sb + need to sth ?
yes , … do/ does / did no, sb don’t / doesn’t /didn’t.
you don’t need to do it yourself.
b). 當主語是物時。sth + need + doing sth = sth +need to be done .
the table needs painting. =the table needs _____ _____ _____ .
5. had better 的用法
1). had better + 動詞原形 = it’s best to do sth.
you had better ______ (stay )at home. = _____ ______ ______ stay at home.
2). had better not +動詞原形
we had better ________(not play ) the computer games.
6. must 與have to
1). 一般情況下，兩者可互換。 must = have to
2). must “必須，應該”表示說話人的主觀看法，即說話人認為必須干某事。
（內在原因）
have to “必須，不得不”強調客觀需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。（外界原因）
i can’t stop playing the computer games. for your health, i’m afraid you ______.
a. can b. may c. must d. had to
二.情態動詞后跟完成式和進行式的用法
1. 情態動詞后跟完成式，表“原本應該干某事，而實際上沒干”
i should have finished the work earlier.
he isn’t here. he must have missed the train.
2. 情態動詞后跟進行式，表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“應當正在”等意。
it’s twelve o’clock. they must be having lunch.
they may be discussing this problem.
he can’t be telling the truth.
she shouldn’t be working like that. she’s still so weak.
三.情態動詞的同義轉換.
1. can = be able to
2. must = have to
3. needn’t = don’t have to
4. need do sth = need to do sth .
情態動詞 篇10
XX年《高考風向標》•英語
目 錄
第一部分 教材梳理
必修一
unit 1 friendship
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 2 english around the world
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 3 travel journal
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 4 earthquakes
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 5 nelson mandela—a modern hero
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
必修二
unit 1 cultural relics
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 2 the olympic games
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 3 computers
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 4 wildlife protection
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 5 music
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
必修三
unit 1 festivals around the world
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 2 healthy eating
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 3 the million pound bank note
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
……
第二部分 語法專題
專題一 冠詞
專題二 名詞
專題三 代詞
專題四 數詞
專題五 形容詞和副詞
專題六 介詞
專題七 情態動詞
專題八 非謂語動詞
專題九 動詞和動詞短語
專題十 動詞的時態
專題十一 動詞的語態
專題十二 句子種類
專題十三 名詞性從句
專題十四 定語從句
專題十五 狀語從句
專題十六 倒裝句和省略句
專題十七 強調句
專題十八 虛擬語氣
專題十九 主謂一致
專題二十 直接引語和間接引語
第三部分 高考題型講練
聽力
完形填空
語法填空
閱讀理解
信息匹配
基礎寫作
讀寫任務
第二部分 語法專題
版權所有：
專題七 情態動詞
i、重點難點解析
情態動詞的高考命題導向：情態動詞表示說話者的情感和態度，有一定的含義，但是不能單獨做謂語，必須與其他動詞連用。注意區別具有相同功能的，意思相近的情態動詞的用法。
一 情態動詞基本用法一覽表
情態動詞 用法 例句 注意事項
can
could 1表許可(和may可互換)、能力
2表懷疑、猜測、可能性（用于否定和疑問句中）
3 could可表比can更委婉的語氣及用于虛擬語氣。 1you can/may sit here./he can swim.
2 he can’t be sixty.
3 could you come again tomorrow?
can和be able to都可表能力，但be able to可表達“某事終于成功”，有更多的時態。
may
might 1表可以（問句中表請求，might更婉轉）
2表可能，或許（might語氣更加不肯定）
3表祝愿（用于倒裝句中） 1 may/might i use your bike?
2 he may/might be at home.
3 may you succeed! 1回答may…do…?的否定用 mustn’t/can’t
2回答may/might…
do…?的否定用 can’t/might not
must 1表必須，應該（表主觀要求）
2表推測（用于肯定句），譯為“準是，一定” 1 you must study hard.
2 she must be tired. 否定式mustn’t表不準，禁止；否定回答用needn’t/don’t/doesn’t have to(不必)
have to 只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時態人稱變化） without help, i had to do it myself. must表主觀意識。have to有多種時態。
ought to 應當（表示義務責任，口語中多用should you ought to obey laws. 否定用oughtn’t 疑問句用ought…to do…?
shall 1用于一三人稱的疑問句，表征詢意見
2用于二三人稱, 表示許諾、命令、警告等 1 shall we go now?
2 the sign there reads, “no person shall smoke here.”
should 1表建議或勸告，譯為“應該”
2本該（含有責備意味） 1 you should learn from each other.
2 you should have given him help.
will
would 1表意志或決心
2疑問句中用于第二人稱表請求，would比較委婉 1 he promised he would never smoke again.
2 will/would you like some tea? would表示過去的習慣或喜好,不涉及現在; used to表示過去常常做現在已經不再有的習慣.
dare 敢（常用于否定句、疑問句和條件從句中） he dare not/daren’t sleep alone.
dare you touch it? 過去式dared；可作實義動詞
need 需要,必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中） you needn’t do the work now. need…do…?的肯定回答：yes,…must. 可作實義動詞
used to 過去常常（現在已不再） he used to play football. 否定式usedn’t/usen’t to do/didn’t use to do; 疑問used…to…do…?did…use to do…?
二 “情態動詞+不定式進行式”和“情態動詞+不定式完成式”用法一覽表
句式 說明 例句
can +不定式進行式
can +不定式完成式 表示“可能”，用于否定句和疑問句（could 也可能有此用法，只是語氣更委婉） he can’t be telling lies.
他不可能在說謊。
he can’t have told lies.
他不可能說過謊話。
could+不定式完成式 指過去沒實現的動作，表“本來可以” it’s too late. you could have told him earlier.你本來能早點告訴他的。
may+不定式進行式
may+不定式完成式 表示“可能，也許”，用于肯定句 he may be doing homework.
他也許在做作業。
he may have missed the train.
他可能錯過了火車。
must+不定式進行式 肯定句表示“一定在干某事”
the light is on. he must be working.
燈亮著，他一定在工作。
must+不定式完成式 用于肯定句，表示“準是干了某事” he is sad. he must have failed the exam.他準是考試不及格。
needn’t+不定式完成式 “本來不必做”，只用于否定句 you needn’t have lent the book to him. he bought it already.
你本來不必把這本書借給她，他已經買了一本。
should/ought to+不定式完成式 肯定句表示“本應該做而實際沒做”；
否定句表示“不應該做而實際卻做了” i should have bought it.
我應該把它買下來的。
you shouldn’t have scolded him.
你不應該這樣粗心大意。
ii、實戰演練
填入情態動詞的恰當形式或根據括號所提供的詞填入情態動詞恰當的結構。
1. i should have been there, but i ____________ find the time.
2. helen _______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
3. tom, you ___________ not leave all your clothes on the floor like this!
4. you can’t imagine that a well behaved gentleman _____________ be so rude to a lady.
5. it has been announced that candidates_____________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
6. ---lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
---she ____________. i’ve already borrowed one.
7. john, look at the time. _______________ you play the piano at such a late hour?
8. ---__________ this book be yours?
---no, it ____________ not be mine. it ___________ be his.
9. as a girl, she ____________ get up at six every day.
10. __________ he to clean the classroom after school?
11. you ____________ be tired after the long trip, aren’t you?
12. ---what’s the name?
---khulaifi. __________ i spell that for you?
13. you _____________________ (see) the film, haven’t you?
14. you _____________________ (talk) on the phone at that time, for i couldn’t get through.
15. they _____________________ (miss) the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.
16. ______________ you pass the college entrance examinations!
17. he had known the matter before you told him, so you _____________________ (not tell) it to him.
18. i did not call to make any airline reservation but i ________________.
19. the light is out. they _______________________ (not work) now.
20. ---my cat is really fat.
---you _____________________ (not give) her so much food.
答案：1. couldn’t 2. may 3. mustn’t 4. should 5. shall 6. needn’t
7. must 8. can; can’t; must 9. would 10. ought 11. must 12. shall 13.must have seen
14. must be talking 15. might/might have missed 16. may 17. needn’t have told
18. should have 19. can’t be working 20. shouldn’t have given
情態動詞 篇11
XX高考英語備考（考點聚焦+名題導解） 情態動詞¯一、考點聚焦 1、 情態動詞的基本用法 (1)can、be able to 和could ①can和be able to都表示能力，意思上沒多大區別。但can只有現在和過去時，而be able to則有更多的形式。但當成功地完成某一具體動作時，通常不用could而用was/were able to來表示。這時was/were able to 相當于managed to，表示經過一番努力，終于能夠完成某事。如： can you use chopsticks? the wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end. ②can和could can和could都可以表示能力、技能、許可、建議或請求和可能性。但比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法，一般用could，回答時則用can。如： could you help me carry the bag? can i help you? (2)may/might ①may/might表示可能，但may比might可能性大。如：-why isn’t he in class?教學資源，完全免費，無須注冊，天天更新！"> he may be sick.(生病的可能性較大)— he might be sick.(生病的可能性較小)②may/might表示“允許”，may用于現在時或將來時，might常用在間接引語中表過去時，但m 教學資源，完全免費，無須注冊，天天更新！">ight也可用于現在時間，表示比較委婉的語氣，回答用may。如：he says we may leave. he said we might leave. ③may / might 表示建議或請求，但might比may 更客氣，意思更肯定而無過去時態的含義。 yes, you can / may. —may / might i use your bike? — no, you mustn’t （3）must ①must表示必須，應該，沒有時態變化。如：you must do everything as i do.②must表示肯定的推測。如：the light is still on, so he must be at home.③mustn’t 表示禁止做某事。如：you mustn’t smoke in the office.（4）have tohave to 表示“必須、不得不”，是由于某種外界（客觀）原因而“必須”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示經常的或習慣性的事“必須”做。have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多種時態中。如：you will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.i have to be at my office every evening.（5）should / ought to①should和ought to表示應當、應該，前者比后者語氣輕。如：you should / ought to work hard.②should / ought to work hard.since she is not here, whe should / ought to be in the classroom.③should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。如：children shouldn’t smoke.④should可表示陳述意見，推出建議或請求；而ought to可以表示勸告之意。如：you ought to respect your parents.h e suggested that they should leave at once.（6）will / would①will 用于各種人稱表示“意志”、“意愿”或“決心”等，否定式won’t + 動詞。如：i will tell you all about it.tom won’t do such a thing.②will用于疑問句中，常用在第二稱時表示說話人向對方提出“請求”或“詢問”如：will you please tell her the news when you see her?③will 表示習慣性的動作，有“總是”、“慣于”的含義。如：fish wil l die out of water.④would 表示客氣的請求、建議或意愿。如：would you please be quiet?would you like coffee?⑤would 表示過去反復發生的動作。如：when i passed my school i would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago.（7）needneed 作“必要”講，既可作情態動詞，也可作實義動詞。作實義動詞時后面的動詞不定式要帶to，其變化與一般動詞相同。如：i need to think it over.—need you go now? —yes, i must./no, i needn’t （8）daredare表示“敢”的意思。作為情態動詞時，主要用在疑問句和否定句中。dare若作實義動詞，后面可帶to的不定式，此時to也可以省略。dare與need的用法相似。如：how dare you say that?she doesn’t date(to)ask her father.（9）used toused to表示過去常常發生的動作或存在的習慣，但現在已不復存在了。如：he used to smoke.（10 ）shall①shall作為情態動詞用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告、威脅、強制”和“允許”等意思。如：we shall do a s our teacher says.you shall have the book as soon as i finish it.②在疑問句中，shall用于征求對方的意見或請求指示，常用于第一、第三人稱。如：where shall he wait for us?shall we go out for a walk?2、情態動詞表示推測或判斷的用法下表即是表示推測的情態動詞使用的場合：
情態動詞
對現在和未來的推測
對過去的推測
使 用 場 合
mustmust + 動詞原形must have done肯定句
may / mightmay / might + 動詞原形may / might have done肯定句、否定句
can /couldcan / could docan / could have done否定句、疑問名（could可用于肯定句）should用來表示一種估計的情況“按理會/估計會”should do/beshould have done肯定句、否定句、疑問句 例如：it must have rained last night.she may not be at home. = it is possible that she is not at home.she can’t be at home. = it is impossible that she is at home.they should be there right now.3、情態動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法情態動詞用于虛擬語氣中表示責備的感情色彩，用法如下：（1）should have done表示“本來應該做某事而實際上未做”，而shouldn’t have done則表示“本不應該做某事而實際上做了”。如： you should have told me about it earlier. you shouldn’t have said such words to your parents. （2）ought to have done也表示“本應該……”而ought not to have done則意為“本不應該……”。如： you ought to have told me about it earlier. you ought not to have said such words to your parents. （3）needn’t have done表示“本無必要做某事而實際上做了”。如： you needn’t have walked so quickly since time was enough. （4）could have done表示“本來有可能……而事實上未做到”。如： i could have come on time, but my car broke on the way. ù二、精典名題導解 選擇填空 1. i was really anxious about you. you________home without a word. a.mustn’t have b.shouldn’t have left c.couldn’t have left d.needn’t have 解析：答案為b。本題考查的是情 態動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法。題目給出的條件是“我確實非常擔心你”，因此后面可知應是責備you不應該沒說一句話就離開 了。 2.—are you coming to jeff’s party? —i’m not sure. i __________ go to the concert instead. a.must b.would c.should d.might 解析：答案為d。本題考查情態動詞的基本用法。由題目中“i’m not sure”,表明我可能去jeff’s party，也可能去音樂會，故用might。 3. —will you stay for lunch? —sorry, ____________. my brother is coming to see me. a.i mustn’t b.i can’t c.i needn’t d.i won’t 解析：答案為b。本題考查表示請求的英語口語，用will來向第二人稱提問的疑問結構，是表示一種請求和意愿，是用疑問的形式來表達較為婉轉的祈使語氣，意思是“請你……，好嗎”，對于這種問句的肯定回答是：suree! gertainly! yes, of course. i’d be glad to 等；否定回答通常是：i’m sorry, i can’t. no, i’m afraid i can’t. i’m sorry, but … i’d like to, but …等。注意情態動詞表客氣的用法及其在一般疑問句中的問與答。 4.—isn’t that ann’s husband over there? —no, it be him i’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. a. can’t b. must not c. won’t d. may not 解析：答案為a。本題考查情態動詞表推測。問：那邊的難道不是ann的丈夫嗎？答：不是。不可能是他，我確信他不戴眼鏡。 5.you be tired－you’ve only been working for an hour. a. must not b. won’t c. can’t d. may not 解析：答案為c。本題考查情態動詞。句中破折號后的內容對前一句進行解釋說明：你只工作了一個小時，所以你不可能累的。表否定推測時用can’t。a項表禁止（不許），b項表未來，d 項表不允許。均不可用，故選c。 6.i often see lights in that empty house. do you think i report it to the police？ a. should b. whatever c. whichever d. whenever 解析：答案為a。本題考情態動詞。在空房子里看到燈光，是一件奇怪而令人生疑的事，故問：你是否認為我應當把這事兒報告給警察？應用a。
情態動詞 篇12
XX高考二輪復習英語考案: 情態動詞和虛擬語氣
【專題考案】
1. —that must be a mistake.
—no, it _____ a mistake.
a. must not be b. needn’t be c. cannot be d. would not be
2. —_____ i water the trees on tuesday?
—no, you needn’t.
a. can b. must c. may d. shall
3. he _____ not pay unless he is punished to pay.
a. shall b. will c. can d. would
4. i _____ such a mistake again.
a. shall never make b. may never make
c. can never do d. need never do
5. —_____ i turn on the radio?
—you’d better not. it is noisy enough in this room.
a. shall b. must c. need d. do
6. let’s go to the library this afternoon, _____?
a. shall we b. will we c. can we d. should we
7. where are my keys? i _____ lost them.
a. ought to b. should have c. will have d. must have
8. even if he has time, he _____ shopping in town on sunday.
a. won’t go b. will go c. won’t go to d. doesn’t go
9. he _____ finished earlier.
a. shall have b. ought to c. could have d. must have
10. in case i _____, i would try again.
a. will fail b. would miss c. should fail d. shall miss
11. since the road is wet this morning, _____ last night.
a. it must rain b. it must have rained
c. it must be rained d. it must have been rained
12. he asked me if he _____ open the window.
a. shall b. would c. will d. should
13. everyone _____ do his best to make the world safe and clean.
a. can b. may c. should d. had to
14. _____ to have lunch with us today?
a. do you like b. would you like c. will you like d. have you like
15. —will you lend me your book?
—yes, i _____.
a. will b. need c. can d. must
16. if i had time, _____ see that new movie at the capital theater.
a. i will b. i may c. i shall d. i would
17. the english of her composition is too good. she can’t _____ it herself.
a. have to write b. have written c. write d. be written
18. you _____ the look on his face when he won the lottery.
a. would have seen b. can be seeing c. must see d. may see
19. the light is out in her room; she _____ to bed.
a. must have gone b. had gone c. must be going d. must go
20. they _____ that far; but they stopped to have a snack on the way.
a. might be gone b. needed go c. could have gone d. ought have gone
21. he _____ to the farm yesterday.
a. need go b. needed go c. has to go d. had to go
22. he is so strong that i _____ fight against him.
a. dare not b. did dare not c. didn’t dare to d. dare not to
23. i couldn’t _____ cry while i was watching the movie “to live a. help to b. help c. help but to d. help but
24. they asked tom to give him a drink, but he _____.
a. hadn’t b. wasn’t c. wouldn’t d. could
25. as physics is hard enough, i _____ study it.
a. am not able b. couldn’t c. am not able to d. cannot
26. you _____ to the meeting this morning if you have something important to doa. needn’t to come b. don’t need come
c. don’t need coming d. needn’t come
27. _____ you fetch me some hot water?
a. can b. may c. must d. might
28. you _____ get down the bus until the bus has stopped.
a. can’t b. needn’t c. mustn’t d. don’t
29. —would you come and join us?
—i wish i _____. i am busy at the moment.
a. can b. could c. would d. should
30. you _____ right, but i don’t think you are.
a. may be b. could be c. would be d. should be
31. she looks so sad. she _____ ill.
a. can be b. should be c. must be d. will be
32. he _____ away. we don’t see him anywhere around.
a. may go b. must go c. can go d. must have gone
33. he is much richer than what he _____.
a. would be b. must be c. used to be d. could be
34. the little kid _____ not touch the dog.
a. need b. dare c. ought d. could
35. i want to go to the hospital, but you _____ with me.
a. need to not to go b. do not need go c. need not go d. need go not
36. when he was old, mr smith _____ sit for hours without saying anything.
a. would b. should c. must d. will
37. mary _____ be in london because i saw her in town just now.
a. mustn’t b. isn’t able toc. may not d. cannot
38. the door is still closed. he _____ the key.
a. must have lost b. must lose c. need have lost d. can lost
39. the bus had left, so we _____ walk home.
a. have to b. ought c. had to d. must
40. you _____ see her, but i must.
a. haven’t b. cannot c. mustn’t d. needn’t
41. “ _____ you play baseball?” “ no, i _______”.
a. can; may b. can’t; can’t c. may; can’t d. can; can
42. “ ______ i hand in the paper this week?” “ no, you ______. you _____ hand it in next week.
a. must; needn’t; may b. will; mustn’t; ought to
c. shall; can’t; have to d. should; didn’t have to; can
43.there were already 4 people in the car but they managed to take john as well. it ______ a comfortable journey.
a. can’t be b. wouldn’t be
c. mustn’t have been d. couldn’t have been
44. it’s nearly eight o’clock. they ______ be here at any moment.
a. must b. can c. should d. need
45.“ ______ i take the magazine out of the reading room?” “ sorry, you _____.”
a. may; mustn’t b. must; can’t
c. will; didn’t have to c. can; aren’t able to
46. the boss say to the secretary, “ if you work well, you _____ have a rise.”
a. shall b. would c. must d. ought
47. let’s sing a song, ______ we?
a. will b. can’t c. shall d. do
48. “______ you go so soon?” “ no, i ______ go yet.”
a must; mustn’t b. shall; won’t c. can; may not d. must; needn’t
49. the book i borrowed from the library isn’t here. who __________?
a. could have taken it b. must have taken it
c. might take it d. should take it.
50. “ they went to the lecture, but it had been put off.” “ oh, so they _______.”
a. needn’t have gone b. should have gone
c. mustn’t have gone d. don’t need to go
51. “________ i have a glass of beer?” “ no, i’m afraid you ________.”
a. can’t; can’t b. could; won’t c. may; daren’t d. shall; may
52. “ isn’t that tom playing basketball?” “ it ______ be; he fell off the ladder yesterday and got badly hurt.”
a. mustn’t b. would rather not c. couldn’t d. wouldn’t
53. “ need he go?” “ yes, he ______.”
a. need b. can c. may d. must
54. tell me how you work out the answer, _______ you?
a. can b. will c. don’t d. shan’t
55. you promised your friend a letter; you ought to ______ days ago.
a. write b. be writing c. have written d. be written
56. the teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
a. must finish b. would be finished c. be finished d. must be finished
57. she made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ iraq.
a. leave; for b. leave; to c. left; to d. to be left; for 58. he is talking so much about america as if he _____ there.
a. had been b. has been c. was d. has gone
59. the young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
a. did; set b. had done; should be set
c. should do; be set d. had done; must be set
60. i suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____
a. can; it b. /; / c. would; it d. may; /
61. the suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.
a. for; to b. that; be c. which; should be d. to; being
62. the order came that the medical supplies _____ to beijing for the sars soon.
a. would be sent b. should send c. be sent d. must be sent
63. it is important that we _____ wild animals.
a. will protect b. should protect c. shall protect d. are protecting
64. had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
a. are b. were c. would be d. would have been
65. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
a. will there be b. should there be c. there will be d. there should be
66. _____ today, he would get there by friday.
a. would he leave b. was he leaving
c. were he to leave d. if he leave
67. should it rain, the crops _____ .
a. would be saved b. would have been saved
c. will be saved d. had been saved
68. you _____ come earlier. the bus left a moment ago.
a. would b. should have c. may d. have
69. he treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
a. i am b. i would be c. i was d. i were
70. i _____ you some money, but i hadn’t any on me then.
a. would lend b. would have lent c. could lend d. may have lent
71. a few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.
a. have caught b. had caught
c. could have caught d. were to catch
72. --- “have you ever been to beijing?”
--- “no, but i wish i _____”
a.have b.will c. do d. had
73. i’m glad i went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
a. i may have failed b. i’d fail
c. i’d have failed d. i’ll have failed
74. --- “what will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “i don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
a. i’m deciding b. i’ll decide c. i decided d. i decide
75. what should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
a. should snow b. would snow c. snow d. will snow
76. if only i _____ my watch!
a. hadn’t lost b. haven’t lost c. didn’t lost d. don’t lose
77. you _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
a. may not make b. might not make
c. shouldn’t have made d. might not have made
78. we _____ the work on time without your help.
a. hadn’t had finished b. didn’t have finished
c. couldn’t have finished d. can’t have finished
79. --- “where have you been?”
--- “i got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”
a. i would be here b. i have been here
c. i had been here d. i would have been here
80. if it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, i would ask you to do this right now.
a. were b. had been c. are d. should be
81. the teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
a. must finish b. would be finished c. be finished d. must be finished
82. she made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ iraq.
a. leave; for b. leave; to c. left; to d. to be left; for
83. he is talking so much about america as if he _____ there.
a. had been b. has been c. was d. has gone
84. the young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
a. did; set b. had done; should be set
c. should do; be set d. had done; must be set
85. i suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .
a. can; it b. /; / c. would; it d. may; /
86. the suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.
a. for; to b. that; be c. which; should bed. to; being
87. the order came that the medical supplies _____ to beijing for the sars soon.
a. would be sent b. should send c. be sent d. must be sent
88. it is important that we _____ wild animals.
a. will protect b. should protect c. shall protect d. are protecting
89. had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
a. are b. were c. would be d. would have been
90. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
a. will there be b. should there be c. there will be d. there should be
91. _____ today, he would get there by friday.
a. would he leave b. was he leaving
c. were he to leave d. if he leave
92. should it rain, the crops _____ .
a. would be saved b. would have been saved
c. will be saved d. had been saved
93. you _____ come earlier. the bus left a moment ago.
a. would b. should have c. may d. have
94. he treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
a. i am b. i would be c. i was d. i were
95. i _____ you some money, but i hadn’t any on me then.
a. would lend b. would have lent c. could lend d. may have lent
96. a few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.
a. have caught b. had caught c. could have caught d. were to catch
97. --- “have you ever been to beijing?”
--- “no, but i wish i _____”
a.have b.will c. do d. had
98. i’m glad i went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
a. i may have failed b. i’d fail
c. i’d have failed d. i’ll have failed
99. --- “what will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “i don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
a. i’m deciding b. i’ll decide c. i decided d. i decide
100. what should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
a. should snow b. would snow c. snow d. will snow
101. if only i _____ my watch!
a. hadn’t lost b. haven’t lost c. didn’t lost d. don’t lose
102. you _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
a. may not make b. might not make
c. shouldn’t have made d. might not have made
103. we _____ the work on time without your help.
a. hadn’t had finished b. didn’t have finished
c. couldn’t have finished d. can’t have finished
104. --- “where have you been?”
--- “i got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”
a. i would be here b. i have been here
c. i had been here d. i would have been here
105. if it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, i would ask you to do this right now.
a. were b. had been c. are d. should be
參考答案：1—5 cbbaa 6—10 adacc 11—15 bdcba 16—20 dbaac 21—25 dadcc 26—30 dacba 31—35 cdcbc 36—40 adacd 41-45 badca46-50 acdaa 51-55 acdbc 56-60. caabb 61-65. bcbcb 66-70.caabdb 71—75.cdcca 76-80.adcdc 81-85. caabb 86-90. bcbcb 91-95. caabdb 96—100. cdcca 101-105. adcdc
情態動詞 篇13
（原創精品）XX年普通高考英語科語法知識網絡
專題08 情態動詞和虛擬語氣i.情態動詞基本用法
情態動詞
用 法
否定式
疑問式
簡答式
can能力（體力，智力，技能）允許或許可（口語中常用）可能性（表猜測，用于否定句或疑問句中）can not / cannot /can’t docan…do…?yes,…can.no,…can’t.
couldcouldn’t do
may可以（問句中表示請求）可能，或許（表推測）祝愿（用于倒裝句中）may not do may…do…?
yes,…may. no,…mustn’t/can’t.
mightmight not domight…do…?yes,…mightno,…might not.
must必須，應該（表主觀要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測）must not/mustn’t domust…do…? to.yes,…must.no,…needn’t/don’t have
have to只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時態和人稱的變化）don’t have to dodo…have to do…?yes,…do. no,…don’t.
ought to應當（表示義務責任，口語中多用should）ought not to/oughtn’t to doought…to do…?yes,…ought. no,…oughtn’t.
shall用于一三人稱征求對方意見用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等shall not/shan’t doshall…do…?yes,…shall. no,…shan’t.
should應當，應該（表義務責任）本該（含有責備意味）should not/shouldn’t doshould…do…?
will意愿，決心請求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉will not/won’t dowill/would…do…?yes,…will. no,…won’t.
wouldwould not/wouldn’t do
dare敢（常用于否定句和疑問句中）dare not/daren’t dodare…do…?yes,…dare.no,…daren’t.
need需要,必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中）need not/needn’t doneed…do…?yes,…must. no,…needn’t.
used to過去常常（現在已不再）used not/usedn’t/usen’t to dodidn’t use to doused…to do…?did…use to do…?yes,…used. no,…use(d)n’t. yes,…did. no,…didn’t.ii.情態動詞的重點知識表示“能力、許可”的can和may表示能力的情態動詞用can/coulda computer_____think for itself; it must be told what to do.a.can’t b.mustn’t c.may not d.might not表示許可時用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在問句中用could…?或might…？ 以使口氣委婉客氣，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口氣明確（must表示一定，必須，mustn’t表示禁止，不許可）。①—could i call you by your first name? —yes, you______a.will b.could c.may d.might②johnny, you_____play with the knife, you_____hurt yourself.a.won’t/can’t b.mustn’t/may c.shouldn’t/must d.can’t/shouldn’t在肯定句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特定場合的能力，而要用was/were able to。the fire spread through the hotel very quickly buteveryone_____get out.a.had to b.would c.could d.was able to表示“推斷、判斷”的canmay,must在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣最肯定,may表示的是事實上的可能性。peter______come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.a.must b.may c.can d.will而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性：mary is in poor health. she can be ill at any times.在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t時用以代替mustn’t，語氣比may更肯定。中文可以翻譯為不可能。michael______be a policeman, for he’s much too short.a.needn’t b.can’t c.should d.may在疑問句只能用can，不能用may和must。he may be very busy now. can he be very busy now?he must be very busy now. can he be very busy now?
needneed作為情態動詞只有一種形式，只用于否定句和疑問句。
daredare作為情態動詞用時有兩種形式：dare和dared兩個詞形，除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外，還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。if he dare come,i will kick him out. i don’t know whether hedare say.注意:he doesn’t dare(to)answer the question.（否定句）does she dare(to)enter the dark room?（疑問句）shall用于第一人稱：征求對方的意見。what shall we do this evening?用于第二、三人稱：警告、命令、允諾、威脅等。you shall fail if you don’t work harder. 警告he shall have the book when i finish reading.允諾he shall be punished.威脅
should勸告、建議、命令、應該做、道義上的責任。you should(ought to) go to class right away. i should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble.
will/would請求、建議，would比will委婉客氣。would you pass me the book?表示意志、愿望和決心。i will never do that again. they asked us if we would do that againwould可表示過去反復發生的動作或某種傾向。during the vacation he would visit me every weekthe wound would not heal.（傷口老是不能愈合）would表示估計或猜想。it would be about ten when he left home. what would she be doing there?情態動詞+have done的用法could+have done：本可以做而實際上未能做。you could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.cannot+ have done：表示對現在或過去行為的否定推測。he cannot have been to that town.can+主語+ have done：表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯定（用在疑問句中）。can he have got the book?might(may)+ have done：對過去發生的行為不太肯定的推測。he may not have finished the work.if we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.must+ have done：對過去發生的行為肯定的推測。其否定式為：cannot have done。you must have seen the film.you cannot have seen the film.needn’t+ have done：本來不必要做的而實際上又做了。you needn’t have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.注意：didn’t need to(have to)do：沒有必要做而實際上也沒有做i didn’t need to clean the windows.my sister did it 2 hours ago.should(ought to)+ have done：本來應該做而實際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發生卻發生了。you should have started earlier, but you didn’t.she shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape,for i worked to use it.注意：he should have finished the work by now.（表推測）
虛擬語氣
類 別
用 法
例 句
if引導的
條件從句與現在事實相反從句動詞：過去式（be用were）主句動詞：should/would/could/might+doif he were here, he would help us.與過去事實相反從句動詞：had+done主句動詞：should/would/could/might+have+doneif i had been free,i would have visited you.與將來事實相反從句動詞：過去式/should+動詞原形/were+to do主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形if it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.
省略if的虛擬條件句將虛擬條件從句中的were，had,should放到主語之前，構成主謂倒裝①should he come ,tell him to ring me up.②were i you,i would not do it.③had i been free,i would have visited you.
混合虛擬條件句
不同時間的虛擬：各遵守各的規則①if he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.②if he had told me yesterday,i should know what to do now.③if i were you, i would have gone to her birthday party.
虛擬與陳述的混合：各遵守各的規則①he could have passed the exam,but he wasn’t careful enough. ②you should have come earlier.the bus left a moment ago.
含蓄虛擬
條件句
but for+名詞表示虛擬條件句子或主句中的謂語動詞的形式視具體情況而定。這是考查考生應變能力的最佳試題。---but for your timely warning,we ______ into great trouble.---you know we’re friends.a. would get b. must have got c. would have got d. can’t have got
without+名詞表示虛擬條件without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.
動詞不定式表示虛擬條件it would be only partly right to follow in this way.
如果用這種方式，僅僅對了一半。
現在分詞表示虛擬條件having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.要是及時得知的話，我們也許能阻止這場事故。
過去分詞表示虛擬條件given more attention, the tree could have grown better.
如果多留心的話，這樹本來可以長的更好。
副詞otherwise表示虛擬條件i was too busy at that time.otherwise,i would have called you.我當時太忙，否則我就給你打電話了。
連詞but連接的句子表示虛擬條件he _____fatter but he eats too little .a. would become b. would have become c. must become d. must have become
其它
狀語從句as if/as though引導的狀語從句中動詞用did或had＋done或would/could/might＋do。注意：as if/as though引導的狀語從句中也可以用陳述語氣：當說話者認為所述的是真實的或極有可能發生或存在的事實時：it sounds as if it is raining.聽起來像是在下雨。
he talks as if he is drunk.從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。①與現在事實相反he talks as if he knew where she was.②與過去事實相反he talks about rome as if he had been there before.③與將來事實相反he opened his mouth as if he would say something.in order that/so that引導的狀語從句中動詞用can/could/may/ might/ would等+doturn on the light so that we can see it clearly.
賓語從句demand, suggest, order, insist后接的從句中動詞為should+dohe suggested that we not change our mind.wish后的從句中分別用過去式，過去完成式和should/would+do表示與現在，過去和將來情況相反i wish i could be a pop singer.i wish i would have gone to shanghai last month.
主語從句在it is necessary / important / strange that…it is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that…等從句中，謂語動詞用should+doit is strange that such a person should be our friends.
其它
句型中it is time that…句型中動詞用過去式或should+doit’s high time that we left/should leave.would rather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式i would rather you stayed at home now.if only句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強烈的愿望if only our dream had come true!
情態動詞 篇14
情態動詞表示說話人對動作或狀態的各種觀點和態度，如需要、猜測、意愿或懷疑等。情態動詞有詞義，但不完全，是所謂的“輔助性”動詞，在句中不能單獨充當謂語。
一、 情態動詞的特征和形式
a. 情態動詞的各種形式見下表：
情態動詞
may
might
can
could
must
have to
ought to
will
would
shall
should
need
dare
used to
否定式
may not
might not
cannotcan not
could not
must not
do not have to
ought not to
will not
would not
shall not
should not
need not
dare not
used not to
did not use to
簡略否定式
mayn't（老式英語，現在不常見）
mightn't
can't
couldn't
mustn't
don't have to
oughtn't to （否定句中to可省略）
won't
wouldn't
shan't （只用于英國英語）
shouldn't
needn't
daren't
usedn't to
didn't use to
b.情態動詞除ought to, used to等外，后面只接不帶to的不定式。
1.情態動詞+do
you shouldn't be so careless. 你不該這樣粗心大意。
jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip.
杰西卡昨天告訴他，她可能不去旅行了。
difficulties can and must be overcome.
困難能夠而且必須克服。
2.情態動詞+be doing
she must be listening to pop music.
她肯定在聽流行音樂。
you should be reviewing your lessons.
你應該在復習功課。
my mother maymight be cooking now.
我媽媽可能正在做飯。
3.情態動詞+have done
they might have visited the great wall.
他們可能參觀過長城了。
he must have got up very early to catch the train.
他一定起得很早去趕火車了。
you ought to have come earlier.
你本該早一點兒來。
4.情態動詞+be done
this word can also be used as a verb.
這個詞也可以用作動詞。
something must be done to stop pollution.
必須采取措施來制止污染。
the work ought to have been finished long ago.
這工作早就該完成了。
c. 情態動詞第三人稱單數一般現在時沒有詞形變化。
you ought to wear a raincoat.
你應該穿件雨衣。
she ought to wear a raincoat.
她應該穿件雨衣。
plants must have oxygen in order to live.
為了存活植物必須有氧氣。
a plant must have oxygen in order to live.
為了存活植物必須有氧氣。
d. 情態動詞的時態并不是區分時間的主要標志。在一些場合中，情態動詞的現在式和過去式都可以表示現在時間、過去時間或將來時間。
i'm afraid it might rain tonight.
我看今晚可能要下雨。
could i borrow your thermos
我可以借用你的暖水瓶嗎？
it's a nice day today. we could go for a walk.
今天天氣不錯，我們可以出去散散步。
e. 情態動詞是互相排斥的，一般不允許兩個意義相近的情態動詞連用。
【誤】soldiers must have to obey orders.
【正】soldiers have to obey orders.
軍人必須服從命令。
【正】soldiers must obey orders.
軍人必須服從命令。
【誤】can i be able to borrow two books at a time
【正】can i borrow two books at a time
我能一次借兩本書嗎？
【正】will i be able to borrow two books at a time
我能一次借兩本書嗎？
情態動詞 篇15
d. will和would
1.will和would可用于第二人稱疑問句，表示請求和建議等。would比 will委婉客氣。
will you have some tea
你喝點茶，好嗎？
will you share your happiness with us
你可以把你的歡樂與我們共享嗎？
would you pass this book to the student in the last row
請你把這本書傳給最后一排的學生好嗎？
必背：
willwould you ... 表示請求和建議的答復。
肯定回答
yes, please. 是的，請。
certainly. 當然可以。
sure. 當然了。
all right. 好啊！
否定回答
i'm sorry. i can't. 對不起，不行。
no, thank you. 不，不行。
no, i won't. 不，不行。
2.will和would可表示意志、愿望和決心，用于各種人稱陳述句。
i will do anything for you.
我愿為你做任何事。
i will never tell you the secret.
我永遠不會告訴你這個秘密。
none is so blind as those who won't see.
不愿看的人眼睛最瞎。
they would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.
他們不讓他進去因為他衣著破舊。
3.will和would可表示某種傾向或習慣性動作。will表示現在的習慣動作，would表示過去的習慣動作。
he will surf the internet every night.
他每天晚上都在上網。
the boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
那男孩常常坐在那兒好幾個鐘頭，看著車輛行人通過。
he would be nervous when he met strangers.
遇見陌生人時他總是很緊張。
in class he would ask some silly questions, and his classmates would laugh at him.
課上，他總是問一些蠢問題，他的同學們總是嘲笑他。
4.will可表示固執堅持，這時will不可使用'll的簡略形式。用于非人稱主語時，表示物體的固有性質和傾向。
i will take the job, and no one can stop me.
我就要這個工作，沒有人可阻止我。
he won't do what he's told.
他就是不愿按所吩咐的去做。
the window won't open.
窗子打不開。
this glass will not crack under heavy pressure.
這種玻璃在重壓下也不會破碎。
5.will表示將來時間時，不可用于條件狀語從句，但will表示意愿或決心時，可用于條件狀語從句。
if you will read the book, i'll lend it to you.
如果你愿意讀這本書，我會把它借給你。
if you will give up smoking, your health will improve.
如果你愿意把煙戒掉的話，你的健康狀況就會好轉。
6.will和would可表示推論或猜測。
the patient took the sleeping pills an hour ago. he will be asleep now.
病人一小時前吃的安眠藥，現在應該睡著了。
it would be about ten when he left home.
他大約在十點鐘離開的家。
i thought he would have told you about it.
我認為他已告知你此事。
it would be raining when she went home.
她回家時可能正在下雨。
比較：
would you like ...表示邀請
do you like ...表示習慣
——do you like going go the cinema
你喜歡看電影嗎？
——yes,i go to the cinema a lot.
是的，我經常去看電影。
——would you like to go to the cinema tonight
今天晚上去看電影好嗎？
——yes,i'd love to.
非常樂意。
e.shall和should
1.shall
①表示征詢意見或請求指示，用于一、三人稱疑問句。
shall i carry it for you
我來幫你搬它，好嗎？
shall we sing a song
我們唱一支歌，好嗎？
shall they wait outside
讓他們在外面等嗎？
shall the waiter bring meals to your room
要服務員把飯送到你房間去嗎？
提示：
shall i open the window
我打開窗子好嗎？
will you open the window
你打開窗子好嗎？
shall he open the window
他打開窗子好嗎？
②表示說話人的意愿，有“命令、允諾、警告、決心”等意思，用于第二、三人稱陳述句中。
you shall do as i say.
按我說的做。（命令）
he shall be sorry for it one day, i tell you.
我告訴你，總有一天他會后悔的。（警告）
you shall fall behind in your exam if you keep playing.
如果你一直玩，你就會在考試中落后。
nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.
什么也阻止不了我們執行這項計劃。（決心）
he shall have the book when i finish reading.
我看完這本書就給他看。（允諾）
i shall do my homework after reading this story book.
讀完這本故事書后我就做作業。
2.should
①表示義務，意為“應該”（某件事宜于做），用于各種人稱。
children should obey their parents.
兒童應該服從他們的父母。
one shouldn't be selfish.
人千萬別自私。
customers who get bad service should complain, shouldn't they
沒有得到滿意服務的顧客應該抱怨，不是嗎？
②常與what, how, why等詞連用，表示意外、驚訝等情緒。
how should i know
我怎么會知道呢
why should i fear
我為什么會害怕？
what should she do but cry for help
除了呼救外，她還能干什么？
i don't know why you should think i did it.
我真不知道你憑什么認為這件事是我干的。
③表示對過去、現在或將來情況的某種推測，可譯為“可能、照說應該”。
it should be fine tomorrow.
明天可能天是晴天。
he should be taking a bath now.
他可能在洗澡。
it's nearly seven o'clock. jack should be here at any moment.
已經快七點了，杰克隨時都可能到這兒。
the film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.
這部新電影是一流演員主演的，估計拍得很好。
④表示對現在或以前的動作的責怪、批評（應做的事卻沒做）。
the boys shouldn't be playing football. they should be at school.
這些男孩子不應該在踢足球，他們應該在上課。
you shouldn't have entered the teachers' office without permission.
沒有允許你們不應該進老師辦公室。
f.ought to
1.表示義務，意為“應該”（因責任、義務而該做），口氣比should稍重。
we ought to defend our country.
我們應當保衛我們的國家。（每一個公民應盡的義務）
you ought to respect your parents.
你應當尊敬你的父母。
oughtn't we to do everything possible to stop pollution
難道我們不應當盡可能地制止污染嗎？
2.表示推測，暗含很大的可能，可譯為“應該是，會是”。
prices ought to come down soon.
價格可能會很快下跌。
han mei ought to know his telephone number.
韓梅該知道他的電話號碼。
there's a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.
今天有晚霞，明天應該是個好天。
3.ought to和should一樣，表示對現在或以前應做的事卻沒做的責怪、批評。
you ought to be washing your clothes. why are you playing ping-pong
你應該在洗衣服（可是你沒洗）。為什么你在打乒乓球？
you ought to have handed in the exercise last week.
你上周就應當交練習。（可你沒交，含責備的意思。）
he ought to have asked me before he took my bike.
他在用我自行車之前應該和我講一聲。
4.ought to 與should的比較。
ought to 和should的含義較近，但不完全相同。ought to表示“應該”， 是從“義務”或“按理推斷”的角度來講的。should則是從說話人的個人看法這一角度來講的。
you are her mother. you ought to look after her.
你是她的母親，你應當照管她。（是道義上的責任，不能和should互換。）
we should encourage him for we are his classmates.
我們應該鼓勵他，我們是他的同班同學啊！
提示：
表示“義務”時，我們在口語中可以用had better或be supposed to 來代替should和ought to。
if you are not well, you had better ask alice to go instead.
如果你不舒服，你最好叫艾麗絲代替你去。
i'm supposed to be there at 8 o'clock.
我應該八點到那里。
g.used to
1.used to表示過去的習慣或過去某時期的狀況，但現在已不存在。
he used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee.
他過去總是喝茶但現在他喝咖啡了。（強調現在不喝茶了）
i know where there used to be a river here.
我知道這兒以前哪里有條河。（現在沒有河了）
when i was a child i didn't use to like tomatoes.
我小時候不喜歡吃西紅柿。
he is not what he used to be.
他已不是原來的他了。
where did you use to live before you came here
來此之前你住在什么地方？
2.would 和used to的用法區別。
①used to表示過去與現在或過去某時與后來的情況有不同，強調“現已無此習慣了”，而would只表示過去的情況，與現在無關。
when he was young, he would smoke a lot.
他年輕時總是吸許多煙。（不含有和現在比較，現在他也許還在抽，也許不抽了。）
he used to live in the country, but now he lives in the city. 他過去住在鄉下，現在住在城里。
②used to可表示過去的習慣動作或狀態，而would只表示過去的習慣動作。
kate used to be very thin.
以前凱特非常瘦。
there used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.
街道拐角處過去有座樓房，現在拆了。（不用would）
③used to可泛指過去的習慣動作或狀態，而would表示過去的習慣動作時，往往要帶有一個特定的時間狀語。
【誤】we would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
【正】we used to play hide-and-seek in the fields.
我們過去常在田野里玩捉迷藏。
【正】whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
每當我們在鄉下，我們都在田野里玩捉迷藏。
情態動詞 篇16
情態動詞
專題：情態動詞
（一）情態動詞的定義
情態動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態的態度。
（二）情態動詞的特點
1）有一定詞義；2）不受主語人稱和數的變化影響；3）與主要動詞的原形（或稱不帶to的不定式）一起構成謂語（除ought to作固定詞組看待）。
（三）情態動詞的分類和意義
意義
情態動詞
（四）情態動詞的基本用法
1. can (could)
1）表示能力，could主要指過去時間。
two eyes can see more than one. 兩只眼比一只眼看得清。
could the girl read before she went to school? 這女孩上學前能識字嗎？
2）表示可能（理論上或是邏輯判斷上）。
the temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing.
氣溫可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。
he can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足夠的錢買新車。
you mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. you could start a fire.
在林子里走時勿吸煙，那樣可能會引起火災。
3）表示允許。
can i have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎？
he asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.
他問他可不可以把書帶出閱覽室。
4）表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。
where can (could) they have gone to? 他們會去哪兒了呢？
he can’t (couldn’t) be over sixty. 他不可能超過六十歲。
how can you be so careless? 你怎么這么粗心？
5）比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。
can (could) you lend me a hand? 幫我一把好嗎？
i’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today. 恐怕我們今天不能給你答復。
2. may (might)
1）表允許，might可以指過去時間，也可指現在時間，語氣更委婉。
you may take whatever you like. 你喜歡什么就拿什么。
he told me that i might smoke in the room. 他告訴我可以在房間里抽煙。
may (might) i ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一張你寶寶的照片嗎？
在回答以may引起的問句時，多避免用這個詞，而用其它方式，如yes, please. / certainly.
/ please don’t ./ you’d better not. / no, you mustn’t.等，以免顯得太嚴峻或不客氣。
2）表可能（事實上）。可以指過去時間，也可以指現在時間，但語氣更加不肯定。
he may be at home. 他可能在家。
she may not know about it. 她可能不知道這件事。
he was afraid they might not agree with him. 他擔心他們可能不同意他的意見。
they might be having a meeting, but i’m not sure. 他們有可能在開會，不過我不肯定。
3. must
1）表示義務。意為“必須”（主觀意志）。
we must do everything step by step. 我們一切都必須循序漸進地做。
you mustn’t talk to her like that. 你不可能那樣對她說話。
--must we hand in our exercise—books now? 我們現在就要交練習本嗎？
--no, you needn’t. / no, you don’t have to. 不必。（這種情況下，一般不用mustn’t）
2）表示揣測。意為“想必、準是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。
he must be ill. he looks so pale. 他準是病了。他的臉色蒼白。
she’s wearing a diamond necklace. she must have a lot of money. 她戴著鉆石項鏈，一定很有錢。
4. shall
1）表征詢意見，用于第一、第三人稱疑問句。
shall i get you some tea? 我給你點茶好嗎？
shall the boy wait outside? 讓那男孩在外面等嗎？
what shall we do this evening? 我們今晚做什么？
2）表說話人的意愿，有“命令、允諾、警告、決心”等意思，用于第二、第三人稱陳述句。
you shall do as i say. 按我說的做。（命令）
you shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答復。（允諾）
he shall be sorry for it one day, i tell you. 有一天他會后悔的，我告訴你。（警告）
nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我們執行這項計劃。（決心）
5. will
1）表意愿，用于各種人稱陳述句。
i will do anything for you. 我愿為你做任何事。
none is so blind as those who won’t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。
if you will read the book, i’ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意讀這本書，我會把它借給你。
2）表請求，用于疑問句。
will you close the window? it’s a bit cold. 請你把窗戶關上好嗎？有點冷。
won’t you drink some more coffee? 再來一點咖啡好嗎？
3）表示某種傾向或習慣性動作。
fish will die out of water. 魚離開水就不能活。
the door won’t open. 這門打不開。
the boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
那男孩常常坐在那里好幾個鐘點，看著車輛行人通過。
6. should
1）表義務。意為“應該”（某件事宜于做），用于各種人稱。
you should be polite to your teachers. 你對老師應該有禮貌。
you shouldn’t waste any time. 你不應該浪費時間。
2）表推測，意為“想必一定、照說應該、估計”等。
the film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.
這部新電影是一流演員主演的，估計拍得很好。
they should be home by now. 照說他們現在應當已經到家了。
7.would
1）表意愿。
they would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他們不讓他進去因為他衣著破舊。
i said i would do anything for you. 我說過我愿意為你做任何事。
2）表委婉地提出請求、建議或看法。
would you like another glass of beer? 再來杯啤酒好嗎？
would you mind cleaning the window? 請把窗戶擦一下好嗎？
they wouldn’t have anything against it. 他們不會有什么反對意見。
3）表過去反復發生的動作或過去的一種傾向。
every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
她每遇到麻煩都會向她求助。他告訴我盒子打不開了。
8. ought to
1）表義務，意為“應該”（因責任、義務等該做），口氣比should稍重。
you are his father. you ought to take care of him. 你是他父親，應當管他。
you oughtn’t to smoke so much. 你不應該抽這么多煙。
2）表推測，暗含很大的可能，語氣較弱。
han mei ought to know his telephone number. 韓梅該知道他的電話號碼。
there’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天應該是個好天。
9. used to
表示過去的習慣動作或狀態，現在不復發生或存在。疑問式和否定式有兩種。
he used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他過去住在鄉下，現在住在城里。
there used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.
街道拐角處過去有座樓房，現在拆了。
i usedn’t (didn’t use) to smoke. 我過去不抽煙。
used you (did you use) to go to school on foot? 你過去常步行去學校嗎？
（一）need和dare的用法
need和dare既可用作情態動詞，也可用作實義動詞。用作情態動詞時，主要用于否定句和疑問句。用作實義動詞時，可用于各種句式。
1.用作情態動詞
--need i come? --yes, you must. --我需要來嗎？ --需要。
you needn’t telephone him now. 你現在不必打電話給他。
i don’t think you need worry. 我想你不必發愁。
she dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一個人出去。
how dare you say i’m unfair? 你竟敢說我不公平？
not one of them dared mention this. 他們誰也不敢提這件事。
2.用作實義動詞
you don’t need to do it yourself. 你不必親自做這件事。
we need to tell them the news. 我們需要把這消息告訴他們。
the table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。
we should dare to give our own opinion. 我們要敢于提出自己的觀點。
he did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬頭看。
i dare day he’ll come again. 我想他會再來的。
（i dare say…為固定習語）
（二）情態動詞后跟完成式和進行式的用法
1.情態動詞后跟完成式，表“應當已經……”，“想必已經……”，“本來可以……”等意。
i should have finished the work earlier. 我應當早一點完成這項工作的。
he isn’t here. he must have missed the train. 他還未到，一定是沒趕上火車。
where can (could) he have gone? 他能到那里去了呢？
you may (might) have read about it. 你可能在報上已經讀到這件事了。
you could (might) have been more careful. 你本來可以更細心的。
he needn’t have worried about it. 他本不必為此事擔心。
there was a lot of fun at yesterday's party. you ought to have come, but why didn't you?
昨天的聚會非常有意思。你本應該來，為何不來呢？
2. 情態動詞后跟進行式，表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“應當正在”等意。
it’s twelve o’clock. they must be having lunch. 現在是十二點。他們一定正在吃飯。
they may be discussing this problem. 他們可能正在論討這個問題。
he can’t be telling the truth. 他說的不可能是真話。
she shouldn’t be working like that. she’s still so weak. 她不應當那樣干，她身體仍那么虛。
（三）幾組詞的辨異
1. can 和be able to
1）情態動詞can只有兩種時態形式，現在式can和過去式could，而be able to有多種時態形式。
mary can play the piano. she has been able to play it since she was 5.
瑪麗會彈鋼琴。她五歲起就會彈了。
2）用在過去時中，could經常表示能夠做某事，事實上不一定去做，而was∕were able to則表示“過去做成了某事”。在否定句中兩者可通用。
he couldm across the english channel. but he didn't feel like it that day.
他能游過英吉利海峽，但那天他不想游。
yesterday i was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前趕到了家里。
2. must和 have to
must表示主觀意志，而have to表示由于客觀因素不得不做某事。must沒有過去式，除在間接引語中可用于表示過去時間，在直接引語中表示過去時間應該用had to代替。
i told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必須戒煙。
we had to get everything ready that night. 我們那晚得把一切準備就緒。
3. would和used to
1）used to表示過去與現在或過去某時與后來的情況有不同，而would只表過去的情況。
people used to think that the earth was flat.
過去人們認為地球是平的。（現在人們不這么認為。）
she would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.
在鄉下時，她總是在早晨去散會兒步。（可能現在仍有散步的習慣。）
2）used to可表示過去的習慣動作和經常的情況，而would只表示過去的習慣動作。
he used to ∕would smoke while writing. 過去他寫東西時常抽煙。
she used to be fat. 她過去很胖。