非謂語動詞（精選12篇）
非謂語動詞 篇1
在英語里是一項(xiàng)重要的語言表現(xiàn)形式,它與漢語動詞的使用方法習(xí)慣很不一樣,是不少中國學(xué)生容易混淆出錯的知識能力要點(diǎn)。
非謂語動詞有四個特出的特點(diǎn)：
一,它不能當(dāng)謂語,因此在同一句子中一定還會另有謂語動詞。象“i running in the morning every day.he named liping." 就是沒有謂語動詞的錯誤的句子。
二,非謂語動詞和謂語動詞都表示動作,但兩者的性質(zhì),地位不同。這是中國學(xué)生最不容易理解的地方。對句子往深層次分析,我們就應(yīng)該領(lǐng)悟到這一點(diǎn)：與謂語動詞的動作對比,非謂語動詞的地位是次要的,從屬性質(zhì)的：(1)此動作有時已不是具體的動作,而是概括抽象的一件事,相當(dāng)于一個名詞了；(2)此動作有時即使是具體的動作,但卻是從屬性的,次要的動作：比如表示原因,條件,時間,目的,臨時性的不穩(wěn)定的伴隨動作狀態(tài)等。在漢語中,不使用連詞也可以在一個句子中連用用幾個動詞；但在英語中,一個句子只能用一個謂語動詞,除了用and 連接的兩動詞外,其它的兩個動詞一定要分清主次,從屬等內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系。表示原因,條件,目的,時間,臨時性的不穩(wěn)定的伴隨動作等動詞必須用非謂語或從句來表示。句子的重心應(yīng)用作主句謂語動詞,句子的次要,伴隨,補(bǔ)充的說明部分必須用非謂語或有連詞引導(dǎo)的從句。下面列舉一些例句對比說明：
1."為了健康,他天天喝牛奶。為了健康"是目的,是次要動作,“喝牛奶”才是唯一的謂語動詞；to be more healthy, he drinks milk every day.
2."喝牛奶對他有好處,他愛喝牛奶"這兩處的“喝牛奶”明顯地不是具體的"喝",而是概括抽象的一件事。“喝牛奶”在此處就近似地相當(dāng)于名詞“牛奶”.應(yīng)用"drinking milk"動名詞來表示。
3,“我喝牛奶肚子痛。”“喝牛奶”在此處雖然是具體動作,但它和"肚子痛"有內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系,它表示的是原因,是從屬地位,“肚子痛”才是主要的謂語動詞。可以用"having drunk some milk, i have some trouble with my stomach."來表示。
也可以用從句“since i have drunk some milk,i have some trouble with my stomach." 4,“喝牛奶,人健康”,“喝牛奶”與“健康”有邏輯聯(lián)系,它顯然是條件,可以用"drinking milk every day, one will get more healthy"來表示。
5,“我喝牛奶嗆著了。”“喝牛奶”和“嗆著”也有邏輯聯(lián)系,它表示時間,可以用“drinking milk, i choked."來表示。
6,“他坐在那里喝牛奶.”“坐”是穩(wěn)定的長背景動作,應(yīng)做謂語動詞,而“喝牛奶”卻是變動不穩(wěn)定的的伴隨動作,是補(bǔ)充說明,可用非謂語動詞：“he sat there,drinking some milk."
綜上所述,同是“喝牛奶”,但各句子中“喝牛奶”的動作含義和句子地位各不相同。此“喝牛奶”非彼“喝牛奶”。
除了可以當(dāng)狀語,非謂語動詞還可以當(dāng)定語和補(bǔ)語。例如：
7,"the girl standing there was crying."standing 就是the girl 的定語。
8,"i found him running in the street." running 就是 found 的賓補(bǔ)。
非謂語動詞還可以當(dāng)表語。當(dāng)表語的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都相當(dāng)于形容詞,表示特征,狀態(tài)或人的情緒,情感；當(dāng)表語的動名詞相當(dāng)于名詞,表示一件事情或現(xiàn)象。例如：
9,the book is tiring , while the film is exciting.
10.the excited audiences were moved at the exciting play.
11.her job is raising pigs ,she finds that living is working.
三,非謂語動詞前不需要形式主語和連詞。 1,除了獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)外,非謂語動詞都沒有形式主語出現(xiàn)在它的前面,如出現(xiàn)了多余的主語那反而是錯的句子。但主語不出現(xiàn)不等于沒有主謂關(guān)系。非謂語動詞肯定與主句的主語存在著隱含的邏輯主謂關(guān)系,如找不出這種關(guān)系那一般都是錯誤的句子。如“從山上看下去,我們的城市很美麗。”主句的主語“城市”不會“看”,不存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系,只存在動賓關(guān)系。因此不能用“seeing",而只能用"seen from the mountain , ..." 被動的形式來表示。或用獨(dú)立主格：“anybody seeing it from the mountain ,the city looks very beautiful."又比如“聽到這個消息,她的眼淚流出來了。”“眼淚”不會“聽”,不存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系,因此不能象中文一樣直譯：hearing the news,her tears came along her check.應(yīng)該說：hearing the news ,she had tears coming along her check.
2,非謂語動詞不需要because,as,if,when,while 等連詞,但它卻已經(jīng)含有連詞的意思。象 because not having prepared my lesson,i can't answer the question.就是錯的,應(yīng)刪去because。
反之,如不用非謂語而用從句,那表示原因,條件,時間,伴隨,目的的從句前又必須有連詞。而中文卻是可以省連詞的,如上文的“喝牛奶肚子痛”“喝牛奶,人健康。”“喝牛奶嗆著了”都可以加用連詞也可以不用連詞。因此中國學(xué)生往往把表示原因,條件,時間,伴隨的從句不用連詞,不用句號,卻要與主句并列在一起,出現(xiàn)“少連詞混淆主次”的錯誤,如：i am poor, i can't buy the house. "i am poor"顯然與后面的句子有邏輯因果關(guān)系,應(yīng)加連詞since或變成“being poor,i can't buy the the house.
有時中國學(xué)生又會犯兩個分句都用連詞的錯誤,如：“因?yàn)槲也×?所以今天我不能上學(xué)”譯成：because i am ill, so i can't go to school today.在英語中有連詞的句子都是次要,從屬地位的從句,如兩個分句象中文一樣都用連詞,那就沒有表示句子主要意思的主句了。這便是“多連詞導(dǎo)致無主句”錯誤。同理,如非謂語動詞短語后的句子用連詞,也等于犯了“無主句”的錯誤。
四,非謂語動詞具有謂語動詞的有賓語,有狀語等特征。
1,及物的非謂語動詞后要帶賓語,是雙賓動詞還要帶兩個賓語,象上面的句子如用"anybody seeing from the mountain, ........"就是不好的句子,因?yàn)榧拔锓侵^語動詞seeing沒有帶賓語。
2,不及物的非謂語動詞后當(dāng)然不會有賓語。
3,過去分詞后不能出現(xiàn)賓語,因主句的主語就是它的邏輯賓語。象"heated the water ,it will turn into stream."就是錯的,the water 應(yīng)刪去。
當(dāng)然,帶雙賓的非謂語動詞后還需帶一個賓語：“told the students many times, the importance is paid attention to."
以上知識能力要點(diǎn)都是要靠理解,領(lǐng)悟,不是靠死記硬背的。下面讓我們做一點(diǎn)練習(xí)來加深理解。注意兩動作的主次邏輯關(guān)系,注意“無形式主語”“無連詞”“不能多用連詞 ”等非謂語動詞特點(diǎn)。
用非謂語動詞翻譯下列句子：
1. 我錢不夠,不能買這房子。
a.my money is short , i can't buy the house.
b. i'm short of money , i can't buy the house.
c. being short of money , i can't buy the house.
d.short of money , i can't buy the house.
2,我比你強(qiáng),我會跑得比你快。
a.i'm stronger than you,i can run faster than you.
b.i being stronger than you,i can run faster than you.
c.being stronger than you,i can run faster than you.
d.you being weaker than i, so i can run faster than you.
3,你見到他就叫他到這來吧。
a. if you see him ,ask him come here please.
b.if you see him and ask him to come here please.
c.you seeing him ,ask him to come here please.
d.seeing him , you ask him to come here please
4,有空你來幫幫我吧。
a.you have time and you come to help me.
b.you have time you come to help me.
c.if you have time and you come to help me please.
d. having time , you should come to help me.
5,你覺得不舒服就別去游泳了。
a.you don't feel well, you'd better not go to swim.
b.because you don't feel well, you'd better not go to swim.
c.you not feeling well, you'd better not go to swim.
d.not feeling well, you'd better not go to swim.
6,吃太多的肉,你會變胖的。
a.if you have too much meat, and you'll get fatter.
b. you have too much meat, and you'll get fatter.
c.you have too much meat, you'll get fatter.
d. having too much meat, you'll get fatter.
7,昨天他去踢球,摔斷腿了。
a.yesterday he went to play football, breaking his leg.
b.yesterday he went to play football, broke his leg.
c.yesterday he going to play football,he broke his leg.
d.playing football, he broke his leg yesterday.
8,看見我穿得破爛,那售貨員拿出最便宜的衣服給我。
a.seeing me dressed in rags, the assistant showed me the cheapest suit.
b.he saw me dressed in rags , the assistant showed me the cheapest suit.
c.because he seeing me dressed in rags, the assistant showed me the cheapest suit.
d.i dressing in rags , the assistant showed me the cheapest suit.
9,澆太多的水花會死的。
a.if water too much, the flower will die.
b. if you watered too much, the flower will die.
c.watering too much, the flower will die.
d.watered too much, the flower will die.
10,我昨天挨雨淋了,感冒了。
a.i was caught in the rain,i get a bad cold now.
b.having caught in the rain,i get a bad cold now.
c.i caught in the rain,i get a bad cold now.
d.caught in the rain,i got a bad cold now.
11.他們說說笑笑地向我們走來。
a.they talked ,laughed and went to us.
b.going to us, they talked and laughed.
c.they went to us ,talked and laughed.
d.they went to us ,talking and laughing.
12.他躺在那里看書。
a. he read a book, lying there.
b.he lay there ,reading a book.
c.he lying there and reading a book.
d.he lay there ,read a book.
13.在那跳舞的那個女孩也很會唱歌。
a,the girl dancing there sings well.
b.the girl danced there sings well.
c.the girl was dancing there sings well.
d.the girl was dancing there was a good singer.
14.我進(jìn)門時看見他正在看電視。
a.i entered the room, saw he was watching tv.
b.i entered the room, seeing him was watching tv.
c.entered the room, i saw he was watching tv.
d.entering the room, i saw him watching tv.
15.他一來就逗我們發(fā)笑。
a.he came ,making us laughed.
b.he came to make us laughing.
c.coming,he often makes us laughing.
d. came here,he often makes laughing.
16.今天他病了,沒來學(xué)校. a.he is ill,he doesn't come to school today. b.he is ill,not coming to school today. c.being ill,he doesn't come to school today. d.he being ill,he doesn't come to school today.
key:c,c,a,d,d,
d,d,a,d,d,
d,b,a,d,c,
c.
非謂語動詞 篇2
英語詞法專題講座十一：非謂語動詞
一、動詞不定式
1. 動詞不定式作賓語。
1). 在動詞want, hope, would like, decide, wish,
choose, try, need等后常用動詞不定式作賓語。
i hope ______(hear)from you soon.
2). think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth
he found it difficult _______(get) to sleep.
3). stop to do sth / stop doing sth
stop to do sth 停下來去做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。
after working for a long time, he has to stop _______(have ) a rest.
he was very tired, so he had to stop ______(work).
2. 動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)。
1). 帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有：ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth
please ask him _________(come) quickly.
2). 省掉to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有：let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth
注：省掉to的不定式的句子變被動語態(tài)時，需要還原to.
he made the baby _______(stop) crying.
the baby was made ______ _____ crying.
3. 動詞不定式作主語
1). 動詞不定式常可用作句子的主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
2). 常用it作形式主語，而將不定式放在句子后面。
to do sth +謂語動詞+adj /n =
it +謂語動詞+adj / n + to do sth
to get an injection is a little painful.
_____ a little painful ____ ____ an injection(注射).
4. 動詞不定式作定語
動詞不定式作定語放在被修飾詞之后
名詞或代詞+to do+(介詞)
注：若構(gòu)成的不定式的動詞為不及物動詞時，其后加上相應(yīng)的介詞。
i want a pen to write ______.
i want a piece of paper to write ______.
5. 動詞不定式與疑問詞連用
疑問詞+ to do sth
注：在賓語從句中，若主從句的主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+to do sth”.
can you tell me how i can get to the hospital?
can you tell me _____ ____ ____ the hospital.
6. 動詞不定式可作狀語
1). 動詞不定式可作目的狀語
在come / go / leave 后面接動詞不定式作目的狀語。
he came here ______(get)his book.
2). 動詞不定式可作原因狀語
表語形容詞（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后與動詞不定式連用作原因狀語
he was glad _______(see) his wife.
3). 動詞不定式可作結(jié)果狀語
在too…to …, not …enough to …句型中的動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語。
he was too tired _______(walk) on.
7. 動詞不定式作表語
be + to do sth
注：動詞不定式作表語可以和主語的位置互換，且常表將來。
her wish is _______(become) a doctor.
_____ _____ is her wish.
8. 動詞不定式的否定形式
在動詞不定式的前面加not.
he told me _______(not stay) here.
9. 動詞不定式符號的省略和保留情況。
1). 動詞不定式符號的省略情況
若兩個或兩個以上的不定式并列時，第一個不定式符號不能省略，其余的省掉to.但兩者有對比關(guān)系時，to都不能省略。
edison’s mother taught him to write and read.
i haven’t decided to go home or to go to the cinema.
2) 省掉不定式而保留動詞不定式符號to的情況。
will you take a walk with me ? i’m glad to.
would you like to join my birthday party ?
i would love to.
二、動名詞
1. 動名詞相當(dāng)于一個名詞，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
reading in bed ______(be) bad for your eyes.
2. 有些動詞或動詞短語后面，只能接動名詞作賓語。
三、現(xiàn)在分詞
1. 現(xiàn)在分詞常放在see, hear, watch, notice 等之后作賓補(bǔ)。
i saw the boy____(play)in the street just now.
2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語常放在被修飾詞之前，現(xiàn)在分詞短語要放在被修飾詞的后面，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。
a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping.
did you know the man talking to mr li?=
did you know the man who was talking to mr li?
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨情況
he came into the classroom, carrying a book.
四、過去分詞
1. 作賓補(bǔ)
have /get +sth +done 表示請別人干某事
i had my tv repaired last night.
2. 作定語
單一的過去分詞作定語，要放在被修飾詞的前面，過去分詞短語作定語要放在被修飾詞的后面，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。
have you ever read any books written by luxun?
have you ever read any books _____ _____ written by luxun?
3. 作表語
過去分詞作表語已經(jīng)形容詞化
my cup is broken.
非謂語動詞 篇3
提示；在英語語法中，掌握好動詞的用法是最重要的，而非謂語動詞又是動詞中非常重要的一部分，由于它們內(nèi)容多，有些用法相似，所以不好掌握，經(jīng)常被混淆用錯，筆者通過列表比較方法，我們會對非謂語動詞的用法一目了然，找出異同，更好的掌握它們的用法，下面通過列表比較的方式，分析非謂語動詞的主要用法。
一、非謂語動詞和謂語動詞的相對時間關(guān)系
非謂語動詞相對謂語動詞的時間意義例句
一般式不定式說明行為在謂語動詞所表示的行為之后，多數(shù)是那些表愿望的詞：want; hope; expect; wish等。i want to go home.
i hope to see you.說明行為與謂語動詞表示的行為同時發(fā)生，多數(shù)是那些省略不定式符號的詞，一般是復(fù)合賓語。i saw him come in.
he helped him (to) carry things.
一般式動名詞表示動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)出。we enjoyed seeing the film.
i am thinking of taking over the job.在動詞insist on; rely on; count on(相信)等后表示動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之后發(fā)生。he insisted on doing that work在有些明確表示時間先后的動詞和介詞on; upon after代替完成動名詞表示的動作在謂語動詞表示的動作先發(fā)生。i remember seeing him before.
on arriving beijing, he went to see his friend.
一般式分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞
持續(xù)性動詞說明分詞表示的動作和句中謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。he stood there speaking.
holding a book under his arm, he entered the room.
終止性動詞說明分詞表示的動作發(fā)生之后，句中謂語動詞表示的動作立刻發(fā)生。entering the room, i found nobody in.
turning to the right, you will find the post office.
過去分詞
持續(xù)性動詞
通常說明分詞表示的動作，此句中謂語動詞表示的動作先發(fā)生。written in simple english, the book is easy to read.
i can't find my lost pen. 說明分詞表示的動作和句中謂語動詞表示的動作并無先后。he is a person well-known in this country. 代替完成式現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)。educated by the party, he became a brave fighter.
完成式不定式說明行為動詞在謂語動詞表示的行為動詞之前發(fā)生。i'm sorry to have troubled you.
he is said to have come here.
he is thought to have done it.
he is believed to have done it.
he seemed to have known it. 在wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等動詞過去時后，說明行為動詞沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)。we wished to have done this.
i expected to have left by then.
(=i had expected to heave by then.)
完成式動名詞說明動名詞表示的動作，此句中動詞表示的動作先發(fā)生。we regret having told you the news.
after having finished his work, he went home.
he denied having broke the glasses.
完成式分詞說明分詞表示的動作，此句中謂語動詞表示的動作先發(fā)生。多數(shù)表示一些瞬時間動詞。如果是hear; see或表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞arrive; leave; turn; open.不用完成時having finished his work, he went home.
sitting down with him, we begun to discuss it.
hearing this, he rose and went to the door.
二.非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài) 1. 非謂語動詞被動語態(tài)的意義
非謂語動詞
意義和用法
例句
不定式
表示被動的意義
the meeting is to be held next week.
he wanted to be sent to the hard area.
有時主動形式表示被動的意義，同被動沒什么區(qū)別，具有“應(yīng)該”.“值的”的意思。不定式是主語的承受者，但有時作某些形容詞的賓語， 如：nice, easy, hard, difficult, fit, suitable, good, heavy, comfortable, cheap等。
it's too small to see.
there is a lot of work to do
the house is to let at low rent.
houses are still to seek.
much remains to do.
the text is hard to learn.
動名詞
表示被動的意義
he insisted on being sent to the hard area.
在動詞need, require等的主動語態(tài)和形容詞worth后, 表示被動的意義
my watch needs repairing.
the book is worth reading.
分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞
表示被動的意義
the building being built is a school.
not having been told, he didn't know where to start.
過去分詞
表示被動的意義
heated, the metal expands.
2. 一般現(xiàn)在分詞，完成的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞表示被動意義的區(qū)別
非謂語動詞
意義和用法
例句
一般式現(xiàn)在分詞
含有具體的意義，說明和句中謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，一般是持續(xù)性動詞
the person being criticized is our monitor.
完成式分詞
表示動作狀態(tài)比句中謂語動作先發(fā)生，一般是瞬間動詞
not having been told about it, i don't know how to do it.
過去分詞
具有一船的意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)，說明比句中謂語動詞表示的動作先發(fā)生，有時同完成式的被動詞態(tài)可互換。
given more time, (=having been given) i can do it much better.
三.非謂語動詞的句法作用 1. 非謂語動詞的句法作用一覽表 非謂語動詞 句子成分
不定式
動名詞
分詞
主語
√
√
賓語
直接賓語
√
√
短語動詞賓語
√
√
賓語補(bǔ)語
√
√
√
介詞賓語
√
形容詞賓語
√
√
表語
√
√
√
定語
√
√
√
狀語
√
√
同謂語
√
√
插入語
√
√
2. 非謂語動詞作主語
非謂語動詞
意義和用法
例句
不定式動詞不定式表示比較具體的意義，經(jīng)常和特定的動作和執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系起來，經(jīng)常帶時間或地點(diǎn)狀語，有時表示將要發(fā)生的動作。to master a foreign language is no easy job.
to do it well is my earnest desire
to see this film is to waste time.
to solve this problem is out of the question 動詞不定式（短語）作主語時，常見的另一種形式是在句首用先行代詞it作形式主語，而將動詞不定式（短語）移到謂語之后作真正主語。用于這種形式是一些特定形容詞，動詞和名詞1)形容詞作表語（常見的形容詞有：important, difficult, easy hard possible）
it is foolish to act in this way.
it sounds reasonable to do it this way.
it appears likely for them to arrive.
2) 動詞作謂語（常見的動詞有：require, cost, amuse, delight, irritate, annoy
it took much time to do this.
it makes us excited to think about that.
it needed hard work to finish the job.
3)名詞作表語
it seems a pity to waste them.
it is a great pleasure to do this
it is a good idea to think this way.
動名詞 動名詞表求比較抽象（一般）和經(jīng)常性的意義，有時可同不定式互換collecting stamps is a good hobby.
swimming is a best sport in summer.
there is no telling what will happen.
there is no denying the fact.
there is no need informing him of it. 動名詞短語作主語時，常見的另一種形式是在句首用先行代詞it作形式主語面將動名詞短語移至謂語之后作真實(shí)主語。用于這種形式是一些特定形容詞和名詞1)形容詞作表語(常見的形容詞有：enjoyable, good, hard, worthwhile)
it is nice talking to you.
it's foolish behaving like that.
it is useless doing that
2)名詞作表語
it's waste of time doing this. it's no good (use) doing that.
it's an awful job doing this. it's fun doing this
it is not an easy task doing this work.
非謂語動詞 篇4
非謂語動詞的教學(xué)是我們高中英語語法教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)之一，既涉及到時態(tài)、語態(tài)知識，又涉及到句子成分等問題，還牽涉到謂語和非謂語的區(qū)別等。在平時的教學(xué)過程中，學(xué)生解答這類題目時常采用找非謂語動詞與句子相關(guān)成分的邏輯關(guān)系和非謂語動作先后的方法來解決的，邏輯關(guān)系確定非謂語的語態(tài)形式，動作發(fā)生的先后確定非謂語的時態(tài)形式。例：1.peter received a letter just now saying his grandma would come to see him soon.(saying的分詞短語作a letter的定語，兩者之間是主謂的邏輯關(guān)系。)2.it took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness to be made.(it took…to do 為固定句式，不定式作主語，make a connection中make與connection之間是動賓的邏輯關(guān)系，→it took a long time for us to make the connection between body temperature and illness.)但在我們教學(xué)的過程中，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)有些題目學(xué)生用找邏輯關(guān)系的方法很難解決問題或者說有些題目中非謂語動詞與句子的相關(guān)成分根本就不存在邏輯關(guān)系。例：1. a and guilty, he put the book back on the shelf she had secretly placed in her schoolbag.a. frightened b. frightening c. being frightened d. to be frightening(學(xué)生在a、b、c中難以取舍，片面地認(rèn)為“他害怕”是主動的邏輯關(guān)系而選b或者認(rèn)為這里的frighten還是一種行為而選c) 2.technologinally a , china’s chang-e project does better than anyearlier project of the same kind. a. speaking b. spoken c. speak d. to speak(這里的主語china’s chang-e project與speaking之間沒有邏輯關(guān)系，而學(xué)生則因思維定勢習(xí)慣地認(rèn)為“工程被說”是被動，很可能選b.)針對上述情況，筆者把一些與非謂語動詞有關(guān)的固定結(jié)構(gòu)歸納在一起，形成了一些固定格式——非謂語動詞格式化結(jié)構(gòu)：一.“get ＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，get與be一樣表被動，就是該過去分詞的被動意義，但表示的是動作，而并非狀態(tài)。 1.having been caught cheating in the exam, he got punished. 2.there is no time for you to b for the ball. a. be dressed b. get dressed c. get dressing d. dress 3.be careful when you cross this very busy street. if not, you may b runover by a car. a. have b. get c. become d. turn常見用在這一結(jié)構(gòu)的過去分詞有：get lost/paid/separated/damaged/run/punished/caught/changed/charged/dressed/hurt/burnt/killed等等。運(yùn)用這一結(jié)構(gòu)要訓(xùn)練學(xué)生把get sth. doing /get sth. done/get sth. to do等區(qū)分開來。例：4.you know he is not going to let us leave early if the work can’t b done.
a. got b. be got c. have got d. be getting(本題是get sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)，即if we can’t get the work done)5.let me try now, the car will be got c . a. started b. to start c. starting d. start(本題是get sth. doing結(jié)構(gòu)，即i’ll get the car starting.)6.in a time of social reform, people’s state of mind should be got b pace with the rapid changes of society. a. kept b. to keep c. to be kept d. keeping(本題是get sb. to do結(jié)構(gòu)，即people should get their state of mind to keep pace with the changes of society.)總結(jié)：get done(與句子主語是被動關(guān)系) get sb./sth. doing(doing作賓補(bǔ)，與賓語是主動關(guān)系) get sb./sth. done（done作賓補(bǔ)，與賓語是被動關(guān)系） get sb. to do（“叫…去做”，未發(fā)生動作）二.在“be＋狀態(tài)動詞的過去分詞＋介詞”在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞往往形容詞化，沒有動作意義，說明主語存在的狀態(tài)，只有done形式，如：be buried in/be lost in/be known as/be covered with/be crowded with等等，碰到這類短語作狀語好或定語時，去掉動詞be就用。 1.she has a face marked with worries.(她滿臉愁容)2.he spent the whole day c in his study. a. locking b. being locked c. locked d. to lock（不可與spend sb. time in doing sth.混淆。）3. a with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
a. faced b. face c. facing d. having faced總結(jié)：但在這些詞組中，要區(qū)分分詞是表狀態(tài)還是表動作，不可混為一談。例：4.① c to her son all these years, she has no moment to rest for.
② d his energies to being crazy about going on-line at college, he can’t find a job.
a. to be devoted b. devoting c. devoted d. having devoted (②中devote 后有賓語的存在，不可能表狀態(tài)，只能表動作，找邏輯關(guān)系—主動，動作完成，選d)5.① c just an hour’s ride from beijing, the small town is a paradise(樂園) for tourists a home and abroad. ② b the tower in a wild park, they made it a paradise for tourists at home and abroad. a. locating b. having located c. located d. to be located三.狀語從句中省略與非謂語形式 在狀語從句中，當(dāng)主句主語與從句主語相同或從句是it is＋adj.時，常把主語和be動詞省略，之后形成以下的固定結(jié)構(gòu)，在平時訓(xùn)練時，告訴學(xué)生可以直接在下面的三種形式中做選擇。 to do (動作未發(fā)性)
when/while/unless/if/ though/as if /no mater how…＋ doing （與主語之間是主動關(guān)系）
done（與主語之間是被動關(guān)系）1.when c different cultures, we often pay attention to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 即：when (we are) comparing different cultures的省略句。
a. compared b. being compared c. comparing d. having compared2.when d help, one often says “thank you.” or “it’s kind of you.” 即：when (one is)offered help的省略句。 a. offering b. to offer c. to be offered d. offered3.①the man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if d whetherhe was going to the right direction. 即：as if (he is going ) to see whether he was going to the right direction 的省略句。②contrast may make something more beautiful than it is when c alone. 即：when (something is)seen alone的省略句。a. seeing b. having seen c. seen d. to see 總結(jié)：在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，要注意的是主句的主語與從句的主語一定是一致的，否者只能用狀語從句。
4.—what’s the trouble with you?
— d the heavy suitcase, my waist was hurt unexpectedly.
a. while carrying b. carried
c. carrying d while i was carrying 5.①the idea for the machine came to mr baker c to his invention recently.②mr. black had an idea for the machine a/b/c to his invention recently.
a. while devoted b. while devoting himself
c. while he was devoted d. while devoting
四.with/without＋名詞（代詞）＋非謂語這一結(jié)構(gòu)一般作伴隨狀語、原因狀語和定語成分，在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，非謂語與with/without后的名詞、代詞有主動或被動的邏輯關(guān)系。1.—come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—sorry. with so much work b my mind, i almost break down.
a. filled b. filling c. to fill d. being filled
總結(jié)：
to do（表示未發(fā)性動作）
with/without＋名詞/代詞＋ doing/being done(表示動作正在進(jìn)行)
done(表示完成被動)2.①john received an invitation to dinner, and with his work a , he gladly accepted it.② john received an invitation to dinner, but with his work d , he couldn’t accept it. a. finished b. finishing c. having finished d. to finish3.with more trees d , huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
a. destroying b. to be destroyed c. having destroyed d. being destroyed五.常見作狀語的非謂語獨(dú)立成分
generally/honestly/frankly/strictly/exactly speaking; judging from /by; concerning(關(guān)于，有關(guān)); considering(就…而論，照…看來); supposing(萬一；假定); allowing for(考慮到…); seeing that(由于，因?yàn)?; speaking of; talking about; taking…into consideration; to tell the truth, to be frank/honest; to make things/matters worse, to begin with; to be brief, to say nothing of(更不用說)；to conclude(總之，最后) …1.he did poorly in his examination, considering how hard he studied.
就他學(xué)習(xí)的努力程度來看，他這次考得很糟糕。2. he asked me questions concerning my health.他問了我一些問題，是有關(guān)我健康方面的。3. c , the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
a. general speaking b. speaking general
c. generally speaking d. speaking generally對以上結(jié)構(gòu)歸納總結(jié)，強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練，使學(xué)生對這些結(jié)構(gòu)有一種本能的反應(yīng)，從而對非謂語動詞這一語法知識的掌握更加系統(tǒng)化、條理化、結(jié)構(gòu)化、程序化，有利于非謂語教學(xué)的拓寬,為教學(xué)非謂語獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)打下基礎(chǔ)。
非謂語動詞 篇5
XX年《高考風(fēng)向標(biāo)》•英語
目 錄
第一部分 教材梳理
必修一
unit 1 friendship
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 2 english around the world
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 3 travel journal
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 4 earthquakes
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 5 nelson mandela—a modern hero
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
必修二
unit 1 cultural relics
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 2 the olympic games
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 3 computers
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 4 wildlife protection
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 5 music
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
必修三
unit 1 festivals around the world
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 2 healthy eating
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 3 the million pound bank note
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
……
第二部分 語法專題
專題一 冠詞
專題二 名詞
專題三 代詞
專題四 數(shù)詞
專題五 形容詞和副詞
專題六 介詞
專題七 情態(tài)動詞
專題八 非謂語動詞
專題九 動詞和動詞短語
專題十 動詞的時態(tài)
專題十一 動詞的語態(tài)
專題十二 句子種類
專題十三 名詞性從句
專題十四 定語從句
專題十五 狀語從句
專題十六 倒裝句和省略句
專題十七 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
專題十八 虛擬語氣
專題十九 主謂一致
專題二十 直接引語和間接引語
第三部分 高考題型講練
聽力
完形填空
語法填空
閱讀理解
信息匹配
基礎(chǔ)寫作
讀寫任務(wù)
第二部分 語法專題
版權(quán)所有：
專題八 非謂語動詞
i、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)解析
非謂語動詞的高考命題導(dǎo)向：非謂語動詞是高考的重點(diǎn)，考查立意較低，主要考查非謂語動詞的一般用法和含義，但是題目的設(shè)計(jì)注重了情景化，結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜。
一 非謂語動詞的分類、構(gòu)成及功能一覽表
非謂語形式 構(gòu)成 特征和作用
時態(tài)和語態(tài) 否定式 復(fù)合
結(jié)構(gòu)
不定式 to do, to be doing, to have done
to have been doing to be done,
to have been done 在to,
動名詞及
分詞前+not/never
for sb.
to do sth. 具有名詞、副詞和形容詞的作用，在句中作主語、定語、表語、賓語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)（在let, make, see, feel, notice等動詞后做賓補(bǔ)時不帶to）
分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 doing, having done being done, having been done 具有副詞、形容詞的作用，在句中作定語、表語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)（常用在see, find, feel, keep, get, have等動詞之后）
過去分詞 done
動名詞
doing, having done being done, having been done sb. ’s dong 具有名詞的作用，在句中作主語、定語、表語、賓語、
二 作賓語的非謂語動詞比較
情況 常用動詞
只接不定式作賓語的動詞 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen
只接動名詞作賓語的動詞或短語
mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider
can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to, adapt to
兩者都可以 意義基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue （接不定式多指具體的動作，接動名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為）
need, want, require （接動名詞主動形式表示被動意義，若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動形式）
意義相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在做的事
意義不同 remember/forget/regret to do （指動作尚未發(fā)生）remember/forget/regret doing（指動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生） go on to do （接著做另外一件事）
go on doing （接著做同一件事）
try to do （設(shè)法，努力去做，）try doing（試試做，） mean to do（打算做，企圖做）
mean doing（意思是，意味著）
can’t help (to) do（不能幫忙做）can’t help doing（忍不住要做）
三 非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別
類別 常見動詞 與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時間概念 例句
不定式 ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage 主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成 1) i expect them to win the game.
2) i heard him call me several times.
have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make
現(xiàn)在分詞 notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel（即：感官動詞和使役動詞） 主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行，尚未完成 i found her listening to the radio.
過去分詞 動賓關(guān)系。動作已經(jīng)完成，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài) we found the village greatly changed.
四 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法對比
分類
項(xiàng)目
現(xiàn)在分詞
過去分詞
例句
意義 表示主動意義
表示被動意義
1 i can hear him singing.
2 i can hear the song sung in english.
動作 所表示的動作一般在進(jìn)行中 所表示的動作多已完成 china is a developing country while america is a developed one.
語義 意思為“令人…” 意思為“感到…” it is an exciting match, so we are excited.
五 特別提示
1. 關(guān)于不定式
1）不定式作介詞賓語時，如前面有實(shí)義動詞do（各種形式），則不定式不帶to；否則不能省to。
he did nothing all the morning but watch tv.
he said nothing but to sleep.
2）不定式作定語時，如果不定式與所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且不定式的動詞是不及物動詞，記住別漏掉介詞。
i want a small room to live in. / i need a nice pen to write with.
3）不定式作感官動詞和部分使役動詞(let, make)的賓補(bǔ)，動詞不定式不帶to，但句子變成被動語態(tài)時，要帶to。
i saw him go into the room.→ he was seen to go into the room.
2. 關(guān)于分詞
1) 現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語表示動作正在進(jìn)行，不定式作補(bǔ)語表示動作發(fā)生的全過程。
i saw him walking across the road. (正在穿過馬路)
i saw him walk across the road. (看到全過程，過了馬路)
2）及物動詞的過去分詞(done)與現(xiàn)在分詞的一般被動式(being done)都有被動意義，前者表示動作完成，后者表示動作在進(jìn)行。
the picture fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(已經(jīng)被訂在墻上了)
the picture being fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (正被訂在墻上)
注意：不定式有表將來之意。
the picture to be fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (將要被訂在墻上)
3) 分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：如果分詞短語的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，需用一個獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)(即保留分詞的邏輯主語)或者由一個with/without引導(dǎo)的介詞短語表達(dá)。
time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises.
his work finished, he prepared to go home.
with his work finished, he prepared to go home.
3. 關(guān)于動名詞
1）動名詞作定語表所修飾詞的用途，而現(xiàn)在分詞表動作或狀態(tài)、特征。
2）動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，動名詞的邏輯主語可用賓格代詞或不帶所有格。但作主語不行。do you mind my/me/tom smoking here?
my/tom’s smoking here annoyed him.
3）動名詞作主語還可用于“there be no+動名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)和“布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。
there is no knowing what he will do next. 不知道他下一步會做什么。
no smoking. 禁止吸煙。
ii、實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練
i 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. 1) ___________ to the left, and you’ll see the bus stop.
2) ___________ to the left, you’ll see the bus stop. (turn)
2. 1) ___________ many times, he still couldn’t understand the question.
2) ___________ me the bad news, he went out of the room sadly. (tell)
3. 1) nothing could make us _________ up the hope.
2) crusoe made a candle __________ light. (give)
4. 1) i want __________ your bag.
2) your eyes want ___________.
3) i want my eyes ________ this afternoon.(examine)
5. 1) what’s the way smith thought of _________ enough money to buy the new house?
2) i’m thinking of _________ tom to repair my bike. (get)
6. 1) we don’t allow _________ in the office because of the public health.
2) we don’t allow anyone _________ in the office because of the public health.(smoke)
7. 1) my little brother enjoys nothing but __________ to music.
2) my little brother does nothing all day but __________ to music.
3) my little brother had no choice but ____________ to me.( listen)
8. 1) the teacher raised his voice in order to make himself ______________ . (hear)
2) the teacher raised his voice in order to make his students ___________ what he said.
3) the children talked so loudly at dinner table that i had to struggle _______________ .
9. 1) the problem is worth __________________ again .
2) the problem is worthy _________________ again .
3) the problem is worthy of __________________ . (discuss)
10. 1) it passes right through their bodies , only ______ (get) a little thicker and sweeter .
2) he worked harder only ______ (fail) again .
11. 1) no one can stop us _______________ questions.
2) we stopped ____________ a schoolboy the way to the teachers’ office. (ask)
12. 1) _____________ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
2)nearly every great building in beijing was built _____________ south. (face)
13. 1) the parents’ meeting ________________ next saturday is very important.
2) the 29th olympic games _____________ in beijing was a great success.
3) the parents’ meeting __________________ in our school now is important.(hold)
14. 1) ____________ this cake, you need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.
2) ________________ the cake, she got down to cooking some milk.
3) i lost my way in complete darkness and, _________________ matters worse, it began to rain. (make)
15. 1) the room is so dirty that i can’t help _____________________ it.
2) i’m too busy, so i can’t help _________________ the room.
3) the room is too dirty. i can’t help but ________________ it. (clean)
16. 1) i knew i would be busy today, so i had my paper _______________ last night.
2) i can’t go with you. i have some papers ________________.
3) do you have any papers _____________________ , sir? (type)
17. 1) with many problems ________________ , the president will have a hard time.
2) with the problem _______________, he had a good sleep last night.
3) with the secretary ______________ the problem, he is reading the newspaper leisurely in the office. (settle)
18. 1) “i ever saw him _____________ an old man of 500 yuan,” he said to the police.
2) he was seen ________________ an old man of 500 yuan in the street yesterday.
3) unluckily, the policeman saw him _______________ an old man around the corner. (cheat)
19. the film was ________________ and all of us were very _________________ . (disappoint)
20. at the beginning of class, the noise of desks __________________ (open and close) could be heard outside the classroom.
答案：i 1. turn; turning 2. having been told/told; having told 3. give; to give 4.to examine; examining/to be examined; to be examined/examined 5. to get; getting 6. smoking; to smoke 7.listening; listen; to listen 8. heard; hear; to be heard 9. discussing; to be discussed; being discussed 10. getting; to fail
11. asking; to ask 12. faced; facing 13. to be held; held; being held 14. to make; having made; to make
15. cleaning; (to) clean; clean 16. typed; to type; to be typed 17. to settle; settled; settling
18. cheat; to cheat; cheating 19. disappointing; disappointed 20. being opened and closed
二、 語法填空
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用括號中的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
a study 1 (publish) in september suggests there is a 2 (surprise) way to get people 3 (avoid) unhealthy foods: change their memories. scientist elizabeth loftus of the university of california at irvine asked volunteers 4 (answer) some questions on their personalities and food experiences. “one week later,” lotus says, “ 5 (feed) the people, we told them to type their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” some accounts included one key additional detail. 6 (tell) that they had got sick after 7 (eat) strawberry ice-cream, the researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人為促成的) memory through 8 (lead) questions---who were you with? how did you feel? by the end of the study, up to 41% of those 9 (give) a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once make them sick, and many said they’d avoid 10 (eat) it.
答案：1. published 2. surprising 3. to avoid 4. to answer 5. having fed 6. having been told 7. eating 8. leading 9. given 10. eating
非謂語動詞 篇6
XX年高考英語考點(diǎn)匯集 非謂語動詞
分詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有形容和副詞的句法功能。
它分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩類。
現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的主要差別在于現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式，過去分詞則只有一般式。
現(xiàn)在分詞表動作正在進(jìn)行，表主動。過去分詞及物動詞表動作已經(jīng)完成，表被動。
過去分詞不及物動詞表動作已經(jīng)完成，表主動。
分詞使用中的幾個問題
1、現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式
having cleaned the room, i went out.
2、現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式
not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.
3、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的不同
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、正在，過去分詞表示被動、完成
i found the man killed there.
i found the man standing there.
4、have結(jié)構(gòu)
we have the car repaired.
we have repaired the car.
we have tom repair the car.
we have tom repairing the car the whole morning.
5、分詞作表語
we were excited at the news.
the football game is exciting.
6、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
it being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.
ii. 例題
例1、time_______， i'll go on a picnic with you.
a. permit b. to permit c. permitted d. permitting
解析：該題答案為d。 time permitting…是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，意為"如果時間允許的話…"
例2、_______ if he had any bad habit, she replied that he was a heavy smoker.
a. ask b. to ask c. asked d. asking
解析：該題答案為c。主語she是被問。
情態(tài)動詞與助動詞
i. 要點(diǎn)
助動詞本身無意義，在句中幫助主要動詞構(gòu)成一定的時態(tài)，語態(tài)、語氣，或是幫助構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句，常用的助動詞有
be, do, have, shall(should), will(would).
情態(tài)動詞表一定的詞義，本身并不表示動作或狀態(tài)，而僅僅表達(dá)說話人的態(tài)度，它在句中須和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，
主要的情態(tài)動詞有can(could), may (might), must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, should, will, would.
1、 can 能，可以，表說話人同意，許可還可表客觀條件許可，
如:you can go now.
提建議或請求時可用can i, can you表客氣，
如can i buy you a drink?
can和be able to表能力時的區(qū)別。
can表一般具有的能力，be able to表在特定條件下的能力，
如:although the driver was badly hurt, he was able to explain what had happened.
2、may
（1）可以，表說話人同意，許可或請求對方許可。you may go.
（2）（現(xiàn)在和將來）可能，也許，只用于肯定句和否定句中，如he may not be right.
3、must, have to
must表主觀上的必須，have to表客觀上的必須，
如:it's getting late. i have to go. -must i go now. -yes, you must.
(no, you needn't./ no, you don't have to.)
4、need, dare這二詞有實(shí)意動詞和情態(tài)動詞兩種詞性，如用作實(shí)意動詞后接動詞不定式to do，
如用作情態(tài)動詞后接動詞原形。need i go now? --yes, you must./no, you needn't.)
5、shall用于第一人稱疑問句中表說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埱螅?/p>
如，shall we begin our lesson?
用于二、三人稱陳述句，表說話人命令、警告、允諾、威脅等口吻，
如: you shall fail if you don't work harder.
6、should表應(yīng)該，意為有責(zé)任，有義務(wù)。
如:we should try our best to make our country more beautiful.
7、will表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算，
如 "will you lend me your book?" "yes, i will."，
8、should have done表應(yīng)該做而未做
must have done表對過去事實(shí)的肯定推測
could have done表本可以做某事
9、判斷句：肯定句用must, 否定句用can't, 不太肯定用may, might
he must be in the office now.
he must have gone to bed, for the light is out.
he can't be in the office. he is at home.
he couldn't have cleaned the classroom, because he didn't come here today.
he might be in the office, i am not sure.
he might have cleaned the room, i suppose.
句子種類
i. 要點(diǎn)
句子按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句；按結(jié)構(gòu)又分為簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。
1、陳述句的否定
（1） 在含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是think, expect, believe, suppose,
guess, fancy, imagine等，且主句主語是第一人稱時，賓語從句謂語的否定習(xí)慣上要移到主句謂語上，如: i don't think he is right.
（2） 含有否定意義的副詞never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely的句子應(yīng)視為否定句，
如: i have never been there before.
2、反意疑問句
（1） need和dare 既可作情態(tài)動詞，又可作實(shí)意動詞，在反問部分須加以區(qū)別，
如we needn't leave, need we?
we don't need to leave, do we?
（2） 陳述部分出現(xiàn)否定意義的副詞或代詞如never, seldom, few, hardly, little等時，反問部分須用肯定形式如： he seldom comes, does he?
（3） 陳述部分用不定代詞作主語時，反問部分的主語用it ，如：nothing can stop me, can it?
陳述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone，等作主語時，反問部分常用it，有時也用they，如:everybody knows that, don't they?
（4） 陳述部分包括used to 時，反問部分可有兩種形式，
如: you used to get up early, usedn't (didn't) you?
（5） 陳述部分是"there + be"結(jié)構(gòu)時，反問部分用there，如:there's something wrong with you,
isn't there?
（6） 陳述部分是含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句時，反問部分的主語和謂語應(yīng)和主句保持一致，
如: he never told others what he thought, did he?
但，如果是i think , i believe等 +賓語從句時，反問部分須和從句的動詞保持一致，
如，i don't think he is right, is he?
i don't believe he does that, does he?
3、感嘆句
用what或how,
what a beautiful park it is.
how beautiful a park it is.
how beautiful the park is.
how we worked!
4、祈使句
take care!
don't stand there.
please open the door for the old lady.
ii.例題
例1，don't forget to post the letter, _______ ?
a. will you b. do you c. won't you d. shall you
解析：該題答案為a， 在否定句、祈使句后只用"will you"?，但肯定的祈使句后可用如，wait for me, will (won't, can, can't, could) you?
例2，let's go out for a walk, _______ ?
a. will you b. won't you c. shall we d. do we
解析：該題答案為c，let's…后加上shall we來表語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣，而在let us后加上will you。
例3，he hardly writes to you, _______ ?
a. doesn't he b. does he c. do they d. has he
解析：該題答案為b，hardly否定副詞，反問部分要用肯定形式。
各種從句
i.要點(diǎn)
根據(jù)從句在句中的句法功能，從句可分為名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句。
1、 名詞性從句
（1） 主語從句
what he wants is a piece of paper.
it is believed that he can solve the problem.
注：主語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
（2）賓語從句
i don't know how to solve the problem.
do you know where he lives?
（3）表語從句
the problem is who can help me.
this is why i came here.
（4）同位語從句
i have no idea where he went.
i heard the news that he would come.
同位語從句用that引導(dǎo)，常跟在fact, idea, news, promise, thought, message, hope, belief, doubt等詞后，that在從句中不作任何成分。
2、定語從句
在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞，或修飾整個主句的從句叫做定語從句，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why。
（1）that指物時一般可與which互換，但在下列情況下，要用that而不用which。
a. 先行詞有all, everything等不定代詞時，如，
everything (that) he did is wrong.
b. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時，如，
i'll read all the books (that) you lend me.
c. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，
this is the first letter (that) the boy has written.
d. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時，如
he is the very man (that) i'm looking for.
e. 只用which的情況
在介詞后或在非限定性定語從句中
this is the book about which we have talked a lot.
the book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.
f. where和when作關(guān)系副詞
this is the room where i worked.
this is the room which i stayed in.
i remembered the day when we lived there.
i remembered the day that i spent there.
g. as和which
as 可以放于句首，而which 不可以
as you know, he is good at english.
three of them 和three of which
i have a lot of books, three of which are in russian.
i have a lot of books and three of them are in russian.
3、狀語從句
在復(fù)合句中起狀語作用的從句叫做狀語從句。狀語從句可分為時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、原因狀語、目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語、條件狀語、行為方式狀語、比較狀語、讓步狀語等多種。
ii. 例題
例1、 _______ i accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.
a. if b. whether c. even if d. no matter when
解析：該題答案為b。whether可以和or連用，if不可以，此外if一般僅用于賓語從句。
例2、the way _______ these comrades look at problems is wrong.
a. where b. in that c.x d. with which
解析：該題答案為c，先行詞是way，定語從句中用that或 in which來引導(dǎo)或不填。
例3， ____a long time since i saw you last time.
a.it was b. it is c. it had been d. it can be
解析：該題答案為b，it is +時間數(shù)+ since引導(dǎo)的從句是一個句型，意為"從…時候以來過了多久了。"
主謂一致
i. 要點(diǎn)
謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致，主謂一致包括語法一致、意義上一致和就近一致。
1、語法上一致
（1）以單數(shù)名詞或代詞，動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，主語為復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，如， to work hard is necessary for a student.
（2）用and或both……and連接的并列主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，
如， both he and i are right.
但并列主語如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，
如, his teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
（3）主語是單數(shù)時，盡管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with,
together with, like等，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)，
如，the teacher as well as his students is excited.
（4）某些不定代詞，如做主語，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，如:everyone has a book.
（5）一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如people, cattle, clothes等作主語時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，
如，a lot of people are dancing outside.
2、意義上一致
（1）、表時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)，
如，twenty years is not a long time.
（2）、表示總稱意義的名詞public, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如，
people are talking about the accident.
（3）、有些集合名詞，如family, team等作主語，如作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如指其中每個成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)，如，
my family is a big one.
my family are watching tv.
3、鄰近一致
用連詞or, either……or, neither……nor, whether……or, not only…but also,等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數(shù)，一個是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語一致，如，
either you or i am mad.
ii.例題
例1、 the chemical works _______ where my father has worked for thirty years in 1949.
a. was built b. were built c. is built d. are built
解析：該題答案為a。works形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，意思上是單數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用單數(shù)，類似的還有news, maths, politics, physics.
例2、they each _______ a copy of the new physics.
a. have b. has c. having d. gets
解析：該題答案為a。they each不等于each of …, each of 這個詞組作主語謂語用單數(shù)如each of the students hands in their homework，而they each作主語，謂語要隨each前面的詞來變化。
倒裝
i.要點(diǎn)
按"主語+謂語"這種順序排列的句子是陳述語序，如果變?yōu)?謂語（或謂語的一部分）+主語"，就是倒裝語序。
1、全部倒裝
（1）there be 句型
there is going to be a meeting.
there is a book on the table.
（2）here, there, now, then, in, out等副詞置于句首時，主謂倒裝，但如果主語是人稱代詞時，主語和謂語語序不倒裝，如，
here comes the bus.
here he comes.
（3）直接引語的部分或全部位于句首時，有時也用倒裝，
如，"what he said meant nothing", said the teacher.
（4）為保持句子平衡，強(qiáng)調(diào)表語或狀語，使上下文緊密銜接時須完全倒裝，
如，in front of the house sat a small boy.
2、部分倒裝
（1）so, neither, nor置于句首說明與前者情況一致時，如，
i like swimming, so does my brother.
（2）only +狀語放在句首，如，
only through this method can we win.
only in this way can we do the work well.
（3）含有否定意義的詞置于句首，如，hardly, scarcely, not, seldom, no sooner, never, little, at no time, in no way, no more等，
如，never had i heard that. little did i know about this.
（4）以often, so +形容詞或副詞開頭的句子，如，
so heavy is the box that he cannot carry it.
（5）用于省略if的虛擬條件句中，將had, were, should提前，如，
were i you, i wouldn't do that.
had he come, we would have won.
（6）用于某些表示祝愿的句中，如，
may you be happy for ever.
ii.例題
例1、not only ____ this machine but ____ it.
a. can he run……can he repair b. can he run……h(huán)e can repair
c. he can run……h(huán)e can repair d. he can run……can he repair
解析：該題答案為b，在not only……but (also)句型中，只有but前面的部分倒裝，but后面仍是正常語序。
例2、____, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with laser（激光）.
a. hard although the diamond b. hard as the diamond is
c. as the diamond is hard d. has hard is the diamond
解析：該題答案為b，在讓步狀語從句中，從屬連詞as可以表示though，但要用倒裝語序。
例3、only in this way ____ to improve the situation there.
a. can you hope b. you can hope c. hope can d. you hope
解析：該題答案為a，
省略
i.要點(diǎn)
有時為了避免重復(fù)，使語言簡練緊湊，在不損害結(jié)構(gòu)或引起誤解的原則下，往往省去一個或多個句子成分或詞語。
1、 固定習(xí)慣用詞。如：
no smoking! thanks s lot!等。
2. 簡單句中的省略
（1） 口語中，一、二、三人稱的主語，有時還包括謂語都可以省略。
如：（it is）nice to see you!
(this is) li ming speaking.
（2） 所有格后的名詞如為住宅、商店、工礦、教堂等可以省略。如：
i'm going to visit tom's (house).
i met him at the tailor's (shop).
（3） 兩個或兩個以上的動詞不定式并列在一起時，第一個不定式帶to，后面的不定式可省to.
如: his job is to clean and mend the machine.
（4） 主（賓）語補(bǔ)足語中的to be常省略。
he was considered (to be) the best student in the class.
（5） there be結(jié)構(gòu)中 there be可同時省略，或只省略there.如：(is there) anything wrong?
（6） 表示年齡的years old, 表示鐘點(diǎn)的o'clock, minute等常省略。
如：what time is it now? it's ten (o'clock).
3從句中的省略
（1） 賓語從句，以which, when, where, how和why引起的賓語從句謂語與主句謂語如相同，可省略從句中全部謂語，甚至主語也可省略，僅保留wh－一詞。如：
he will come, but we don't know when (he will come).
he didn't come, i wondered why (he didn't come).
（2） 定語從句中可省略作賓語的關(guān)系代詞，如：
the man (whom) i saw in the street the other day is my teacher.
（3） 狀語從句，在時間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方式、條件狀語從句中，從句主語與主句主語一致，或從句主語是it，則be動詞及其主語常可省略。如：
i'll tell him that when (it is) possible.
i won't go there unless (i'm) invited.
ii.例題
例1 a beam of light will not bend（彎曲）round corners unless____ to do so with the help of
a reflecting device（反射裝置）。
a made b being made c having made d to be made
解析：該題正確答案為a。 unless后省略了it is. make sb (sth) do sth變成被動語態(tài)則為sth/ sb be made to do.
例2 while ____my homework k, i heard a cry for help.
a do b did c doing d having done
解析：該題答案為c。該空處省略了i'm,相當(dāng)于while i'm doing my home work.如：while playing
guitar, he is singing.
非謂語動詞 篇7
非謂語動詞
考綱新研讀
1.非謂語動詞的形式(以動詞do為例)
動詞不定式 動詞的-ing形式 動詞過去分詞
一般式 to do doing done
一般被動式 to be done being done
完成式 to have done having done
完成被動式 to have been done having been done
進(jìn)行式 to be doing
完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing
2.非謂語動詞在句子中的作用
主語 賓語 表語 定語 狀語 補(bǔ)語
動詞不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
動詞的-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √
動詞過去分詞 √ √ √ √ √ √
3.非謂語動詞的用法
動詞不定式
(1)用作主語：
to learn a foreign language well is not easy.
it is not easy to learn a foreign language well.
(2)用作賓語：
what do you like to do besides swim?
do you think it necessary to go there?
(3)用作表語：
all she would do was to go home.
(4)用作賓補(bǔ)：
i warned the boy not to be late again.
he saw her leave the house.
she was seen to leave the house.
he often helps me (to) learn english.
with no one to help him, he can’t do it.
with so many problems to settle, the manager can’t leave for
holidays.
【注意】用于不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的的動詞有：feel, hear, see,
notice, observe, watch, listen to, look at, have, make, let等。但
變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時需要帶to。例如：
i noticed her enter the office.
we heard him sing every day.
santa’s father made her promise that she wouldn’t write to me
or send me any word.
(5)用作定語：
i have nothing to write (to write on/to write with).
i was the first to come to school.
we have no time to think about rest.
(6)用作狀語：常表示原因、結(jié)果、條件、目的等。
he stopped to talk to an old man.(目的)
i rushed to the station, only to find the train already gone.(結(jié)果)
he was happy to hear the news.(原因)
另外：in order to; so as to引導(dǎo)目的狀語，“為了,以便”;so...as to
引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語，“太……以致……”。
(7)用在疑問詞后面，如what to do,構(gòu)成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),相當(dāng)于名
詞，作主語、賓語和表語。例如：
the question is where to get a computer.(表語)
i really don’t know what to do.(賓語)
how to get rid of the pollution is still a problem.(主語)
【注意】不定式也有一定的時態(tài)和語態(tài)；有否定式、完成式、進(jìn)
行式、被動式等和自己的邏輯主語：
(1)被動形式：
he asked to be sent to the front.
(2)進(jìn)行式：
he pretended to be listening attentively.
(3)完成式：
he is said to have gone abroad.
(4)否定式：(to)前加not：
he pretended not to have seen me.
(5)不定式的邏輯主語有兩種情況(用for sb.或of sb.)：
it’s high time for us to plant trees.
it’s very kind of you to say so.
動詞的過去分詞
(1)作定語
及物動詞的過去分詞，既表被動又表完成；不及物動詞的過去
分詞，只表示完成。單個的分詞作定語，放在它所修飾的詞
的前面;分詞短語作定語，放在它所修飾的詞的后面。例如：
a broken cup is lying on the floor.
the meeting held yesterday was very important.
(2)作表語：
表狀態(tài)，與句子主語是被動關(guān)系。例如：
he seemed quite delighted at the idea.
the city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.
(3)作狀語
動詞的過去分詞相當(dāng)于副詞，可以在句子中作狀語，與句子主
語是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，兩者往往是被動關(guān)系，即主語是過去
分詞動作的承受者。
seen from space, the earth looks like a ball.
compared with the people in iraq, we are much happier.
名詞加過去分詞，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語。
all things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.
(4)作賓補(bǔ)
作賓語補(bǔ)足語的過去分詞，大都來自及物動詞。分詞與賓語是
被動關(guān)系。不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ),與賓語是主動關(guān)系,
表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。
i saw the house broken into.
there is something wrong with my radio. i will have it repaired.
the emperor ordered the cloth (to be) woven for him at once.
he came in, with his hands tied at the back.
動詞的-ing形式
動詞的-ing形式相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞、副詞等,也保留了動詞的某些特征。
(1)作主語：
talking is easier than doing.
it’s no use talking about it.
(2)作賓語：
he is afraid of being scolded.
i found it no use talking with him.
有些動詞后面只能接doing。
如：admit, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine,
keep, miss, mention, practice, risk, stop, suggest等。
有些動詞后面只能接to do。如：agree, decide, expect, hope,
long(渴望),manage, plan, pretend,
refuse, wish等。
有些動詞后面接doing和to do 都可以，且意思差別細(xì)微，或看作
沒差別。如：begin, start, hate, like, love, continue, refer等；
但另一類詞差別很大。如：forget, remember, mean, try, regret等。
還有 go on; remind sb. of doing sth.(使人想起)和remind sb. to
do(提醒)。另外，stop doing停止干；stop to do停下來去干某
事，to do是目的狀語。
(3)作表語：
seeing is believing.
the story is moving/exciting/interesting.
(4)作賓補(bǔ)：
i saw them coming across the road.
they had their lights burning all night long.
(5)作定語：
there is a swimming pool in our school.
china is a developing country.
(6)作狀語：
being ill, she went home.
having finished their homework, they had a rest.
while reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
【注意】
1.動詞-ing形式的邏輯主語有三種形式：
(1)doing前加物主代詞。如：my doing；
(2)doing前加名詞所有格。如：tom’s doing；
(3)作賓語時doing前可加人稱代詞賓格。如：me doing。例如:
mary’s coming late made mr. smith angry.
she didn’t mind his (him) crying.
2.否定式在其前面加not;完成式having done;被動式being done。
例如:
not knowing what to do, he turned to his teacher for help.
having finished their homework, they watched tv.
he had hoped to take his seat without being seen.
3.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：
weather permitting (if weather permits), we’ll have a sports meet
next week.
weather being so fine (as weather is so fine), we have decided to
go on an outing.
there being no buses, we had to walk home.
4.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：
they slept, with the lights burning.
高考新剖析
1. nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it
easier for it _________.［XX年高考湖南卷］
a. reusing b. reused
c. reuses d. to be reused
2. schools across china are expected to hire 50,000 college
graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times
the number hired last year, __________reduce unemployment
pressures.［XX年高考江蘇卷］
a. help b. to have helped
c. to help d. having helped
d
c
3. distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school.
__________the ceremony of the 50th anniversary this morning
are our alumni(校友)from home and abroad.
［XX年高考江蘇卷］
a. attend b. to attend
c. attending d. having attended
4. they use computers to keep the traffic__________ smoothly.
［XX年高考全國卷ⅱ］
a. being run b. run c. to run d. running
5. now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with
the decisions_________？［XX年高考全國卷ⅰ］
a. taking b. take c. taken d. to take
6. if there’s a lot of work_________, i’m happy to just keep on
until it is finished. ［XX年高考上海卷］
a. to do b. to be doing
c. done d. doing
c
d
c
a
7. i feel greatly honored__________ into their society.
［XX年高考北京卷］
a. to welcome b. welcoming
c. to be welcomed d. welcomed
8. something as simple as__________ some cold water may clear
your mind and relieve pressure.［XX年高考上海卷］
a. to drink b. drinking
c. to be drinking d. drunk
9. my sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the
bicycle__________ to balance it.［XX年高考上海卷］
a. having tired b. trying
c. to try d. tried
10. ideally__________ for broadway theatres and fifth avenue,
the new york park hotel is a favorite with many guests.
［XX年高考上海卷］
a. locating b. being located
c. having been located d. located
c
b
b
d
11. the children all turned__________ the famous actress as she
entered the classroom.［XX年高考全國卷ⅰ］
a. looked at b. to look at
c. to looking at d. look at
12. __________,you need to give all you have and try your best.
［XX年高考遼寧卷］
a. being a winner b. to be a winner
c. be a winner d. having been a winner
13. __________in the queue for half an hour, the old man
suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
［XX年高考福建卷］
a. waiting b. to wait
c. having waited d. to have waited
14. —can those__________ at the back of the classroom hear me?
—no problem.［XX年高考福建卷］
a. seat b. sit c. seated d. sat
b
b
c
c
15. my parents have always made me __________about myself,
even when i was twelve.
a. feeling well b. feeling good
c. feel well d. feel good
精題新探究
1. which do you enjoy__________ your holiday, going abroad or
staying at home?
a. spending b. to spend
c. being spent d. spend
2. the pilot felt something__________ wrong with the engine just
before the plane took off.
a. go b. went
c. was going d. to go
3. —why do you look sad?
—there are so many problems__________.
a. remaining to settle b. remained settling
c. remaining to be settled d. remained to be settled
d
b
a
c
4. —do you know why they practise__________ basketball every
day?
—they practise__________ in the basketball match of our school.
a. playing; to join b. playing; joining
c. to play; to join d. to play; joining
5. lily’s mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never
__________ again.
a. to find b. to be found c. finding d. being found
6. —we didn’t find the blacks_________ the lecture.
—no one had told them about__________ a lecture the following
day.
a. to attend; there to be b. attending; there being
c. attended; there be d. attend; there was
7. the international agreement, __________encourage children not
to smoke and help people kick the habit, was signed on february
27.
a. intending to b. being intended to
c. intended to d. to intend to
a
b
b
c
8. __________twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck,
is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.
a. being examined b. examined
c. examining d. having been examined
9. the man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if
__________ whether he was going in the right direction.
a. seeing b. having seen
c. to see d. to have seen
10. __________ horrible, the medicine was thrown away by the
child.
a. tasted b. tasting c. to taste d. being tasted
11. the long-lasting meeting ended in failure, _________no
agreements.
a. to reach b. would reach c. reaching d. reached
12. tom pretended__________ it, but in fact, he knew it very well.
a. not listen to b. not to hear about
c. not to have heard about d. not to listen
a
c
b
c
c
13. even if the troops can be found, __________them remains a
problem.
a. equips b. equipped
c. having equipped d. equipping
14. he showed us a good tyre for comparison with the one
__________.
a. wearing b. worn c. tearing d. torn
15. __________on time is one of our principles. and we do our
best for customers.
a. deliver goods b. delivering goods
c. delivered goods d. having delivered goods
d
b
b
非謂語動詞 篇8
非謂語動詞總結(jié)
一.接動詞不定式 （ to do/ do sth ）
1. like to do sth 2. like sb to do sth
3. let’s (not ) do sth 4. want to do sth
5. want sb to do sth 6. love to do sth
7. ask sb (not ) to do sth 8. stop to do sth
9. tell sb (not ) to do sth 10. watch sb do sth
11. it’s time (for sb) to do sth 12. help sb (to ) do sth
13. help do sth 14. make sb do sth
15. decide (not ) to do sth 16. find it +adj + to do sth
17. have to do sth 18. try (not ) to do sth
19. try one’s best to do sth 20. it’s +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sth
21. plan to do sth 22. s.p.+be a good place to do sth
23. it takes sb +some time + to do sth 24. send sb to do sth
25. invite sb to do sth 26. forget to do sth
27. live to be +時間 28. be able to do sth
29. have sth to do 30. seem to do sth
31. get sb /sth to do sth 32. 疑問詞+ to do sth
33. need sth to do sth 34. use sth to do sth
35. follow sb to sth 36. need to do sth
37. a good time to do sth 38. the best time to do sth
39. the best way to do sth 40. be the first / last one to do sth
41. would like to do sth 42. be excited /surprised to do sth
43. be useful to do sth 44. be allowed to do sth
45. allow sb to do sth 46. it’s better to do sth
47. it’s best to do sth 48. take care (not) to do sth
49. see sb do sth 50. why not do sth ?
51. have enough time to do sth 52. too… to do sth
53. not… enough to do sth 54. encourage sb to do sth
55. choose to do sth 56. wait to do sth
57. be happy/glad/pleased to do sth 58. make it +adj + to do sth
59. be careful to do sth 60. be afraid to do sth
61. it’s our duty to do sth 62. used to do sth
63. can’t afford to do sth 64. make a decision to do sth
65. have an opportunity to do sth 66. wait for sb to do sth
67. would do sth rather than do sth 68. would rather do sth than do sth
69. hurry to do sth 70. refuse to do sth
71. agree to do sth 72. pretend to do sth
73. pretend to be doing sth 74. prefer to do sth
75. prefer not to do sth 76. prefer to do sth raher than do sth
77. be willing to do sth 78. volunteer +時間/ 錢 + to do sth
79. volunteer to do sth 80. offer to do sth
81. rush to do sth 82. in order (not ) to do sth
83. be certain to do sth 84. be sure to do sth
85. make plans to do sth 86. go out of their way to do sth
87. lead sb to do sth 88. it’s one’s job to do sth
89. it’s one’s turn to do sth 90. urge sb to do sth 督促...
91. could /would you please (not) do sth ? 92. be supposed to do sth
93. warn sb to do sth
二、接動名詞 （doing sth ）
1. like doing sth 2. enjoy doing sth
3. have fun doing sth 4. be interested in doing sth
5. thanks for doing sth 6. look at sb doing sth
7. stop sb doing sth 8. stop sb from doing sth
9. go + v-ing 10. do the (some )+v-ing
11. what/how doing sth ? 12. practice doing sth
13. watch sb doing sth 14. find sb doing sth
15. mind (one’s ) doing sth 16. can’t stand doing sth
17. think about doing sth 18. spend … (in)doing sth
19. finish doing sth 20. be busy doing sth
21. keep doing sth 22. keep sb from doing sth
23. keep sb doing sth 24. be good at doing sth
25. hate doing sth 26. there be +名詞+doing sth
27. make a living by doing sth 28. have a difficult time doing sth
29. feel like doing sth 30. allow doing sth
31. see sb doing sth 32. by doing sth
33. end up doing sth 34. do a survey about doing sth
35. be afraid of doing sth 36. be used to doing sth
37. be terrified of doing sth 38. give up doing sth
39. instead of doing sth 40. have nothing against doing sth
41. be serious about doing sth 42. have a chance of doing sth
43. before/ when /while +doing sth 44. start doing sth
45. have a lot of experience doing sth 46. prefer doing sth
47. consider doing sth 48. dream of / about doing sth
49. continue doing sth 50. put off doing sth
51. be used for doing sth =be used to do sth 52. prefer doing sth to doing sth
53. without doing sth 54. be comfortable doing sth
55. can’t stop/help doing sth 56. look forward to doing sth
57. be against doing sth 58. have trouble/problems/difficulty (in) doing sth 59. suggest doing sth 60. be busy doing sth 61. be worth doing sth
非謂語動詞 篇9
一.接動詞不定式 （ to do/ do sth ）
1.like to do sth 2.like sb to do sth 3.let's (not ) do sth 4.want to do sth
5.want sb to do sth 6.love to do sth 7.ask sb (not ) to do sth 8.stop to do sth
9.tell sb (not ) to do sth 10.watch sb do sth 11.it's time (for sb) to do sth 12.help sb (to ) do sth
13.help do sth 14.make sb do sth 15.decide (not ) to do sth 16.find it +adj + to do sth
17.have to do sth 18.try (not ) to do sth 19.try one's best to do sth
20.it's +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sth 21.plan to do sth 22.s.p.+be a good place to do sth
23.it takes sb +some time + to do sth 24.send sb to do sth 25.invite sb to do sth
26.forget to do sth 27.live to be +時間 28.be able to do sth 29.have sth to do
30.seem to do sth 31.get sb /sth to do sth 32.疑問詞+ to do sth 33.need sth to do sth
34.use sth to do sth 35.follow sb to sth 36.need to do sth 37.a good time to do sth
38.the best time to do sth 39.the best way to do sth 40.be the first / last one to do sth
41.would like to do sth 42.be excited /surprised to do sth 43.be useful to do sth
44.be allowed to do sth 45.allow sb to do sth 46.it's better to do sth 47.it's best to do sth
48.take care (not) to do sth 49.see sb do sth 50.why not do sth ?51.have enough time to do sth
52.too… to do sth 53.not… enough to do sth 54.encourage sb to do sth 55.choose to sth
56.wait to do sth 57.be happy/glad/pleased to do sth 58.make it +adj + to do sth
59.be careful to do sth 60.be afraid to do sth 61.it's our duty to do sth 62.used to do sth
63.can't afford to do sth 64.make a decision to do sth 65.have an opportunity to do sth
66.wait for sb to do sth 67.would do sth rather than do sth 68.would rather do sth than do sth
69.hurry to do sth 70.refuse to do sth 71.agree to do sth 72.pretend to do sth
73.pretend to be doing sth 74.prefer to do sth 75.prefer not to do sth
76.prefer to do sth raher than do sth 77.be willing to do sth
78.volunteer +時間/ 錢 + to do sth 79.volunteer to do sth
80.offer to do sth 81.rush to do sth 82.in order (not ) to do sth 83.be certain to do sth
84.be sure to do sth 85.make plans to do sth 86.go out of their way to do sth
87.lead sb to do sth 88.it's one's job to do sth 89.it's one's turn to do sth 90.urge sb to do sth
91.could /would you please (not) do sth ? 92.be supposed to do sth 93.warn sb to do sth
二、接動名詞 （doing sth ）
1.like doing sth 2.enjoy doing sth 3.have fun doing sth 4.be interested in doing sth
5.thanks for doing sth 6.look at sb doing sth 7.stop sb doing sth 8.stop sb from doing sth
9.go + v-ing 10.do the (some )+v-ing 11.what/how doing sth ? 12.practice doing sth
13.watch sb doing sth 14.find sb doing sth 15.mind (one's ) doing sth 16.can't stand doing sth
17.think about doing sth 18.spend … (in)doing sth 19.finish doing sth 20.be busy doing sth
21.keep doing sth 22.keep sb from doing sth 23.keep sb doing sth 24.be good at doing sth
25.hate doing sth 26.there be +名詞+doing sth 27.make a living by doing sth
28.have a difficult time doing sth 29.feel like doing sth 30.allow doing sth 31.see sb doing sth
32.by doing sth 33.end up doing sth 34.do a survey about doing sth 35.be afraid of doing sth
36.be used to doing sth 37.be terrified of doing sth 38.give up doing sth
39.instead of doing sth 40.have nothing against doing sth 41.be serious about doing sth
42.have a chance of doing sth 43.before/ when /while +doing sth 44.start doing sth
45.have a lot of experience doing sth 46.prefer doing sth 47.consider doing sth
48.dream of / about doing sth 49.continue doing sth 50.put off doing sth
51.be used for doing sth =be used to do sth 52.prefer doing sth to doing sth 53.without doing sth
54.be comfortable doing sth 55.can't stop/help doing sth 56.look forward to doing sth
57.be against doing sth 58.have trouble/problems/difficulty (in) doing sth 59.suggest doing sth
60.be busy doing sth 61.be worth doing sth
非謂語動詞 篇10
XX高考英語備考（考點(diǎn)聚焦+名題導(dǎo)解） 非謂語動詞¯一、考點(diǎn)聚焦 1、非謂語動詞的句法功能
名稱
語 法 功 能
主語
賓語
賓語補(bǔ)足語
表語
定語
狀語
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
動名詞
√
√
√
√
現(xiàn)在分詞
√
√
√
√
過去分詞
√
√
√
√2、動詞不定式復(fù)心中應(yīng)注意的幾個問題 （1）不定式作表語與“be + to do sth.”的異同。不定式作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì)。 his job is to guard.(說明內(nèi)容) be + to do sth.(表示按計(jì)劃要做的事) （2）帶不定式作賓語的詞語。 下列詞語常不定式作賓語：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。 下列動詞后可接疑問詞+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。 （3）如何理解和使用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。 ①動詞see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的賓補(bǔ)用動詞原形，變被動時要加to,此時的不定式就是主語補(bǔ)足語。②常用帶不定式作賓補(bǔ)的幾種情況：主語 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.③主語 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done④主語 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.（4）不定式作定語的特殊用法。①下列詞語后常接不定式作定語：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。②不定式作定語和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。there is no one to look after her.③不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動賓關(guān)系。she is now looking for a room to live in.（5）不定式作狀語的用法。不定式作狀語，修飾動詞，在句中表示行為目的、結(jié)果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的結(jié)果。we hurried to the classroom only to find none there .in order(not)to,so as(not)to用來引導(dǎo)目的狀語,enough,too, so… as to do, such + 名詞… as to do作結(jié)果狀語，如:the girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.i’m not such a fool as to believe that.（6）不定式的完成時的特殊用法。①表示不定式中謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作先于主句的謂語動詞發(fā)出的動作。the novel was said to have been published.i regret to have been with you for so many years.seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等動詞常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成時，但要注意與一般時的區(qū)別。i’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.對不起，請稍等。（說話時還未等）i’m sorry to have kept you waiting.對不起，讓你久等了。（說話時已等了很久）②不定式的完成時還可表示“過去本想做某事但未做”的虛擬語氣。（a）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成時。（b）was / were to + 不定式的完成時，表示該做某事或想做但未實(shí)現(xiàn)。（c）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成時，表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。（7）不定式的省略。 ①同一結(jié)構(gòu)并列由and或or連接。i want to finish my homework and go home.i’ m really puzzled what to think or say.特例：to be or not to be,this is a question.he is better to laugh than to cry.(表示對比)②不定式作表語，其前面的主語從句中含有do時，后面的to省略。what he did was lose the game.③句中含有動詞do時，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。don’t do anything silly, such as marry him.④主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。⑤why not、had better、would rather、can’t but等詞后省to。如：he could not but walk home.（8）不定式的替代。多用在同一句或聯(lián)系緊密的對話中，為了避免重復(fù)，作賓語或主補(bǔ)，賓補(bǔ)的不定式再次出現(xiàn)時，to后的內(nèi)容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助動用的have或be任何形式，后應(yīng)該保留原形be或have。如：susan is not what she used to be.—you came late last night. you ought to have finished yourhomework.—i know i ought to have.常見的有：i’d like / love / be happy to.3、動名詞復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個問題（1）動名詞作賓語。①下列動詞后只能接動名詞：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit。②下列動詞短語接動名詞：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。③介詞后要接動名詞。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介詞后接動名詞。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從中。作此意講時on / upon后也可以接名詞。如on his arrival…。④動名詞作賓語和動詞不定式作賓語的區(qū)別：begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand
例 句
解 析1. it began to rain. it began raining.2. it was beginning to snow.3. i love lying (to lie)on my back.4. i like listening to music, but today i don’t like to.5. i don’ t prefer to swim in the river now.1. 意思無差別，但謂語動詞用進(jìn)行時，后面只跟不定式。2. 表示一種傾向多接動名詞作賓語，如果表示某一特定的或具體的行動，多接不定式。remember, forget, regret, try
例 句
解 析1. i remember to meet her at the station.i remember seeing her once somewhere.2. i forgot giving it to you yesterday. i forgot to tell you about it. now here it is.3. i regret not having working hard. i regret to hear of your sister’s death. 4. try knocking at the back door. we must try to get everything ready.5. that will mean flooding some land. i had meant to go on monday.1. remember to do sth.記住要做的事 remember doing sth.回顧過去發(fā)生的事2. forget to do sth.忘記要做的事 forget doing sth.忘記做過的事3. regret to do sth.對將要做的事抱歉 regret doing sth.對發(fā)生過的事后悔4. try to do sth.設(shè)法……，試圖 try doing sth.試試看，試一試5. mean to do sth.打算做……，想要 mean doing sth.意味著，就是 want, require, need
例 句
解 析these desks need repairing.these desks need to be repaired.the patient required examinedthe patient required to be examined.1. need doing 需要被做 need to be done需要被做2. want doing want to be done3. require doing require to be done4、分詞復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)注意的幾個問題 （1）現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作時間、原因、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果等狀語。 ①時間狀語（分詞作狀語前面可加when, while等）hearing the good news, he jumped with greatjoy.not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.②原因狀語seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note③伴隨狀語the girls came in, following their parents.④結(jié)果狀語the poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的幾個特性。①時間性。與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，用一般時，如發(fā)生在謂語動作之前時則用完成式having done。②語態(tài)性。與句子的主語之間的關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。遵循的規(guī)則“主動進(jìn)行，被動完成”。③人稱一致性。分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。（2）分詞作表語。s. + be + 動詞-ed表示被動，主語是人；s. + be + 動詞-ing表示主動，主語是物。分詞作賓補(bǔ)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：教學(xué)資源，完全免費(fèi)，無須注冊，天天更新！">教學(xué)資源，完全免費(fèi)，無須注冊，天天更新！"> 感官動詞 動詞原形→做了某事s.+ + 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞→正在做某事 使役動詞 過去分詞→做了或被做5、復(fù)習(xí)過去分詞應(yīng)注意的幾個問題過去分詞作狀語，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，有來說明原因、時間、條件等。 （1）過去分詞作原因狀語 tired by the trip, he soon feel asleep. = because he was tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep. lost in thought , he almost ran into a car. =as he was lost in thought, he almost ran into a car. （2）作時間狀語 seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden. =when the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden. （3）作條件狀語 given more time, i would have worked out the problem. =if i have been given more time, i would have worked out the problem. （4）伴隨狀語 the teacher came in, followed by some students. =the teacher came in and was followed by some students. 分詞短語作狀語時，通常與主句中的主語在邏輯上一致，但有時它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如： her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him. ñ二、精典名題導(dǎo)解 選擇填空 1. __________such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. a.having suffered b.suffering c.to suffer d.suffered 解析：答案為a。本題考查分詞短語作狀語的用法。分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須是句子的主語，而本句的主語看似是it,其實(shí)它為形式主語，真正的主語為不定式，而不定式省略了邏輯主語for people，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，又因already，應(yīng)用完成時。 2. one learns a language by making mistakes and _______ them.(XX年春季高考) a.correct b.correcting c.corrects d.to correct 解析：答案為b。本題考查動名詞作介詞賓語的用法。介詞by意為“通過……，憑……”，后面常接動名詞，形成“by+ v. –ing ”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示通過做某事而得到某種結(jié)果。本題中只有correcting符合。 3. the picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew. a.having hung b.hanging c.hangs d.being hung 解析：答案為b。本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的用法。根據(jù)句意“墻上掛的那幅畫是我侄子畫的”，可知空白處所填的動詞形式在句中作定語，表說話時仍在進(jìn)行的動作或所處的解題關(guān)鍵在于分析picture與hang之間的邏輯關(guān)系。 4.“we can’t go out in this weather,”said bob, out of the window. a. looking b. to look c. looked d. having looked 解析：答案為a。本句考非謂與動詞作伴隨狀語。全句合理的句意是：bob看著窗外說，“我們不能在這種天氣出去”。bob在說話的同時在看著窗外，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式，表主動和進(jìn)行。a項(xiàng)正合語境。b項(xiàng)不定式表主動、將來的動作。c項(xiàng)表被動完成的動作（上處不是并列謂語）。d項(xiàng)表完成的主動動作，均不和語境。 5.reading is an experience quite different from watching tv; there are pictures in your mind instead of before your eyes. a. to form b. form c. forming d. having formed 解析：答案為c。全句意為：讀書是一種與看電視相當(dāng)不同的體驗(yàn)，有畫面在你的心中，而不是在你的眼前形成。所以本題考非謂語動詞，表主動且進(jìn)行著的動作。人們看書時，讀到什么情節(jié)或場面，這樣的情節(jié)或場面便（同時）在心中形成。 6.the news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film stars had left. a. to tell b. to be told c. telling d. told 解析：答案為b。本題考查非謂語用法。only + to do 常用此結(jié)構(gòu)作結(jié)果狀語，tell及物動詞，tell之后常帶雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)，故tell采用被動形式。
非謂語動詞 篇11
（精品推薦）XX屆高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語學(xué)案--專題八 非謂語動詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
【典例精析】
1. （08北京）____ that she was going off to sleep, i asked if she'd like that little doll on her bed.
a. seeing b. to see c. see d. seen
【解題】a非謂語動詞see構(gòu)成的短語與句子的主語i即其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系,用在句首,中間與句子用逗號分開,表示伴隨情況,用作伴隨狀語,因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。
2.(08全國卷i)i like getting up very early in summer. the morning air is so good ____.
a. to be breathed b. to breathe c. breathing d. being breathed
【解題】b在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)表語形容詞為good, light, heavy, difficult等時,其后常用不定式作狀語,表示時間,原因,結(jié)果等,且常用主動形式表示被動意義,因此選b。此處為特殊情況。
3.(08北京)----did the book give the information you needed?
----yes. but ____ it, i had to read the entire book.
a. to find b. find c.to be finding d. finding
【解題】 a 非謂語動詞短語與主句之間用逗號隔開,作狀語。根據(jù)句意:為了找到需要的信息,我不得不看完整本書的內(nèi)容,表示目的。不定式常在句首作目的狀語,且此處不表示動作正在進(jìn)行,因此用一般式,選a。
4.（09湖南）nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it .
a. reusing b. reused c. reuses d. to be reused
【解析】d 考查動詞不定時的用法。句意為：現(xiàn)在人們有時把他們的廢物分開，以便很容易被重復(fù)利用。重新再利用是指將來發(fā)生的動作，而且是被動的。故選d。
5.（09江西）_________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.
a. giving b. having given c. to give d. given
【解析】d 考查非謂語動詞。如果把句子補(bǔ)充完整就不難看出：if they are given the right kind of training , 可知主語they 即these teenager soccer players與give 之間是被動的關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。根據(jù)主、從句主語一致可省略從句主語的原則，連詞if 也可省，所以得出given the right kind of training , these teenager soccer players……
6.（09江西）the government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
a. forced b. forcing c. to be forced d. having forced
【解析】b 考查非謂語動詞的用法。 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾new laws ,相當(dāng)于which forces ……...
7.（09海南）the children all turned_____the famous actress as she entered the classroom.
a. looked at b. to look at c. to looking at d. look at
【解析】b。 句意為：當(dāng)那位著名的女演員走進(jìn)了教室，所有的孩子都轉(zhuǎn)過頭去看她。
turn to 表示“轉(zhuǎn)向，求助”的意思。
8.(09海南) now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ?
a. taking b. take c. taken d. to take
【解析】c。 考查with +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。句意為：現(xiàn)在,我們已經(jīng)討論了問題,是人們最滿意的決定？ take 與the decisions之間存在的關(guān)系是動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動
9.（09山東）we are invited to a party _________in our club next friday.
a. to be held b. held c. being held d. holding
【解析】a 考查非謂語動詞的用法，由next month可知時間是在將來，party是被舉行，故選a。
10（09陜西）i still remember to the famen temple and what i saw there.
a. to take b. to be taken c. taking d. being taken
【解析】d 考查非謂語動詞。此處非謂語動詞做remember的賓語，而remember后用非謂語動詞做賓語時，可以用v-ing形式，v-ing表示的動作已經(jīng)完成，也可用動詞不定式，表示的動作還未發(fā)生，根據(jù)后文的saw可知此處非謂語動詞動作已經(jīng)完成，且與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，用v-ing的被動式，選d。
11.（09福建） not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
a. reminding b. reminded c. to remind d. having reminded
【解析】b 考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞做狀語，邏輯主語是句子的主語the manager，非謂語動詞與句子主語是被動關(guān)系，且其表示的動作在謂語動詞set out之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生，非謂語動詞用過去分詞，選b。
12.（09福建）in april, , president hu inspected the warships in qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the pla navy.
a. marking b. marked c. having marked d. being marked
【解析】a 考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞做狀語，其后有賓語，故與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，且表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時進(jìn)行，用現(xiàn)在分詞，選a。
13.（09湖南）when he the door, he found his keys were nowhere.
a. would open b. opened c. had opened d. was to open
【解析】d 考查非謂語動詞。動詞不定時的用法。句意為：當(dāng)他要打開門的時候,他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的鑰匙不見了。動詞不定時表示將要發(fā)生的動作。
14.（09湖南）9.at the age of 29, dave was a worker, in a small apartment near boston and ______ what to do about his future.
a. living; wondering b. lived; wondering
c. lived; wondered d. living; wondered
【解析】a 考查分詞的用法。句意為：29歲的大衛(wèi),是一個工人,住在一間小公寓在波士頓附近,不知怎么辦關(guān)于他的未來。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾a worker，and 為并列連詞，連接相同的成份。
【專題突破】依據(jù)非謂語動詞各個不同類型的考查方式和特點(diǎn)。可以采用非謂語動詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的“五步驟”做題法；即非謂語動詞的“五步驟”做題法：1.牢記核心意義；2.分析句子成分；3.尋找邏輯主語；4.了解時間關(guān)系；5.分析特殊情況。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的“五步驟”：1. 認(rèn)識獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，建立獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)概念；2. 認(rèn)清獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的來源，理解獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能；3. 從邏輯主語的不同認(rèn)識分詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的區(qū)別；4.全面掌握獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能；5. 熟悉獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的不同類型，全面掌握獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)然并非每道題都要全面考慮以上"五步驟" 有時只需通過一兩個步驟即可得到答案。我相信,只要同學(xué)們在訓(xùn)練中嚴(yán)格按照這種思路去分析,就可以練就一雙火眼金睛,那么,再難的考查非謂語動詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的試題都是可以快速得到答案的。
1. i don’t know whether you happen ____ it, but i’m going to study in the u.s.a. this september.
a. to be heard b. to be hearing c. to hear d. to have heard
2. _____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ the beautiful scenery.
a. tiring; to admire b. being tired; admiring
c. tired; to admire d. tired; admiring
3. don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth.
a. run b. running c. being run d. to run
4. he looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
a. put b. to be put c. to put d. putting
5. _____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.
a. having stolen b. having been stolen c. stolen d. stealing
6. to answer correctly is more important than _____.
a. that you finish quickly b. finishing quickly
c. to finish quickly d. finish quickly
7. you will see this product made in this factory _____ wherever you go.
a. to be advertised b. advertised c. advertise d. advertising
8. the monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _____ the river.
a. to have discovered b. to have been discovered
c. to discover d. having been discovered
9. —— have you considered _____ your job as a teacher?
——yes. i like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener.
a. to change; to be b. to change; being c. changing; being d. changing; to be
10. mr. green is said _____ an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.
a. to do b. to have done c. to be doing d. to have been doing
11. seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.
a. prepare b. preparing c. prepared d. having prepared
12.the murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
a. being tied b. having tied c. to be tied d. tied
13.weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
a. permitted b permitting c permits d for permitting
14.the speech ______ a lively discussion started.
a.being delivered b. was delivered
c.be delivered d. having been delivered
15.______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly
than a man whose command of language is poor.
a.other things being equal b.were other things equal
c.to be equal to other things d.other things to be equal
16.all things ______, the planned trip will have to be called off.
a.considered b.be considered c.considering d.having considere
參考答案：
1.【解析】d happen to have done sth 為不定式的完成時, 表示一個已經(jīng)完成了的動作,強(qiáng)調(diào)對于現(xiàn)在的影響.
2.【解析】c tired and out of breath為“形容詞和介詞短語”在句中作狀語。stop to do sth. 停下來去做另外一件事
3.【解析】b非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時,選項(xiàng)a、d表示將來可能發(fā)生的動作;b表示賓語持續(xù)性動作,根據(jù)句意選b,表示水不停地流出。
4.【解析】d catch sb doing sth表示發(fā)覺或當(dāng)場捉住 sb在做一件事情。
5.【解析】a從動作發(fā)生的時間來看，應(yīng)是先偷鉆石，再找地方藏匿，故用-ing形式的完成式。
6.【解析】c題意為“正確做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。兩個非謂語動詞短語在形式上應(yīng)保持一致。
7.【解析】b advertise意為“為……登廣告”。made in this factory作定語修飾product; advertised作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
8.【解析】a用不定式的完成式表示動作發(fā)生在(定語)從句謂語動作之前。
9.【解析】d consider 作“考慮”解時，后常接-ing形式（短語）作賓語；作“認(rèn)為” 解時，后常接含有名詞、形容詞或to be的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
10【解析】b由when young可知此處應(yīng)該用不定式的完成式，表示此動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。
11.【解析】c由固定短語be (well) prepared for可知此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。
12.【解析】d. with +名詞（代詞）+分詞+介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)分詞表示伴隨狀況時，其主語常常用with來引導(dǎo)。由于本句中名詞"手"與分詞"綁"是被動關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞，選d. 13.【解析】b. 本題中沒有連詞，它不是復(fù)合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗號，且we 小寫，可知其不是兩個簡單句。能夠這樣使用的只有獨(dú)立主格或with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。據(jù)此判斷，本句中使用的是獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：名詞+分詞。 由于permit在這里翻譯為'天氣允許'，表主動，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，故選b。如果不會判斷獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的形式，不妨將句子改為條件句，例如本句改為if weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后將if 去掉，再將謂語動詞改為非謂語動詞即可。
14.【解析】d 句意：演講完后，開始了熱烈的討論。把握前后主語不一致，動作發(fā)生在之前，故選答案為d.
15.【解析】a 句意：在其它條件相同的情況下，表達(dá)好的人肯定要比語言能力差的人更快地取得成功，前后的主語不一致，故選答案a.
16.【解析】a 考慮了方方面面之后，原來計(jì)劃好的旅行不得不取消了,前后主語不一致，故答案為a。
【學(xué)法導(dǎo)航】非謂語動詞內(nèi)容繁多,用法復(fù)雜,是學(xué)生們在英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中的最大難點(diǎn),也是高考中的必考項(xiàng)目。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)相對來說考查較少，但經(jīng)常放在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中考查；同學(xué)們要想掌握他們的用法,輕松備戰(zhàn)高考,快速準(zhǔn)確地解題,不妨牢記非謂語動詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)基本、特殊用法以及解題“五步驟”，具體內(nèi)容如下:
一.非謂語動詞“五步驟”
1. 牢記核心意義。不定式表將來或能夠,動詞ing形式表主動或進(jìn)行,過去分詞表被動或完
2.分析句子成分。非謂語動詞在句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語、表語、補(bǔ)語以及狀語。
3.尋找邏輯主語,把握，前后主語一致性和主被動關(guān)系。非謂語動詞雖然在語法上沒有主語,但它仍表示的是動作,因此在意義上會有一個動作的發(fā)出者,這個發(fā)出者就是它的邏輯主語。作主語補(bǔ)足語,表語和狀語時,邏輯主語為句子的主語;作賓語補(bǔ)足語,邏輯主語為賓語;作定語,邏輯主語是所修飾的先行詞;復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)自帶邏輯主語。如果非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的是主動關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式的主動式,如果是被動關(guān)系,則用過去分詞或不定式的被動式,如果表被動進(jìn)行,則用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式或不定式的被動進(jìn)行式。
4.了解時間關(guān)系。如果非謂語動詞與句子的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生,用一般式;如果發(fā)生在之前,則用完成式,如果強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行,則用進(jìn)行時;如果動作在將來發(fā)生,則用不定式。
5.分析特殊情況。主要是指一些習(xí)慣用法,固定搭配等。
二.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的“五步驟”
1.認(rèn)識獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，建立獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)概念。
最初的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)就是帶邏輯主語的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，它的作用相當(dāng)于狀語。
2. 認(rèn)清獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的來源，理解獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能。
我們清楚地看出獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語和分詞作狀語一樣來源于狀語從句。
3.從邏輯主語的不同認(rèn)識分詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的區(qū)別。
分詞作狀語和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的區(qū)別就在于邏輯主語的不同，分詞的邏輯主語為主句的主語，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語就是分詞前邊的名詞或代詞。
4.全面掌握獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能。
要將復(fù)合句或并列句改成簡單句時，應(yīng)注意：要根據(jù)分詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語時邏輯主語的不同情況改寫句子，當(dāng)復(fù)合句或并列句的主語一致時，適合改成分詞作狀語；當(dāng)復(fù)合句或并列句的主語不一致時，適合改成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。
5.熟悉獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的不同類型，全面掌握獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
有時將并列句或復(fù)合句改成簡單句時，應(yīng)注意：原句中含有 be 動詞時，一律改成 being 形式， being 后面為非名詞時 being 可忽略。
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)除了分詞式獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)之外，還有介詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式式獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，即帶邏輯主語的介詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，可用作伴隨狀語、條件狀語、原因狀語或時間狀語。
【專題綜合】1. ____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
a. to throw b. thrown c. throwing d. being throwing
2. ____ in the fields on a march afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.
a. to walk b. walking c. walked d. having walked
3. i hear they've promoted tom, but he didn't mention ____ when we talked on the phone.
a. to promote b. having been promoted
c. having promoted d. to be promoted
4. the message is very important, so it is supposed ____ as soon as possible.
a. to be sent b. to send c. being sent d. sending
5. ____ around the water cube, we wre then taken to see the bird's nest for the olympic games.
a.having shown b. to be shown c. having been shown d. to show
6. we had an anxious couple of weeks ____for the results of the experiment
a. wait b. to be waiting c. waited d. waiting
7. ____ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
a. fail b. failed c. to fail d. having failed
8. it is one of the funniest things ____ on the internet so far this year.
a. finding b. being found c. to find d. found
9. ____ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
a. waiting b.to wait c. having waited d. to have waited
10.----can those ____at the back of the classroom hear me?
-----no problem.
a. seat b. sit c. seated d. sat
11.he was busy writing a story, only _____once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
a. to stop b. stopping c. to have stopped d. having stopped
12. please remain ______; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
a. seating b. seated c. to seat d. to be seated
13.----they are quiet, aren't they?
----yes. they are accustomed ______at meal.
a. to talk b. to not talk c. to talking d. to not talking
14.to learn english well, we should find opportunities to hear english ______as much as we can.
a. speak b. speaking c. spoken d. to speak
15. lucy's new job paid twice as much as she had made _____in the restaurant.
a. working b. work c. to work d. worked
16.the soldier fell asleep ________.
a.with the candle burning b.burning the candle
c.when he was burning the candle d.when burning the candle
17.________, the tiananmen square looks more beautiful.
a.being on b.when being on
c.with all the lights on d.when it turns on all the lights
18.____ the notice, he had an idea.
a.when he was watching b.watching c.when watching d.all the above
19.______ the notice, an idea came to his mind.
a.when he was watching b.watching c.when watching d.all the above
參考答案：1-5 cbbac 6-10 dddcc 11-15bbdca 16-19 acda
非謂語動詞 篇12
非謂語動詞解題四部曲
一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu) (簡單句，并列句，復(fù)合句）
1. _____many times , but he still couldn't understand it .
2. _____many times , he still couldn't understand it .
a. having been told b. told c. he was told d. though he had been told
3. ___to the left , you'll find the post office .
4. if you ___to the left , you'll find the post office .
5. ________to the left , and you'll find the post office .
a. turning b. to turn c. turn d. turned
二、分析邏輯主語
確定要選非謂語動詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語（邏輯主語沒有主動和被動之分）。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一
致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。
1. ____no buses , we have to walk home .
2. ______sunday i shall have a quiet day at home .
3.the meeting put off, we have to wait for more days.
a. there being b. it were c. there were d. it being
三、分析語態(tài) 分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關(guān)系。
1. ______from space , the earth looks blue .
2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .
a. seen b. seeing c. to see d. see
3. the dirty clothes ______ , the girl hung them up outside .
4. ______ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .
a. was washed b. washed c. were washed d. having washed
四、分析時態(tài) 在選定了主動或被動后，還要考慮動作發(fā)生的時間問題，即時態(tài)。
1. the building ___now will be a restaurant .
2. the building ___next year will be a restaurant .
3.the building __last year is a restaurant.
a. having been built b. to be built c. being built d. built
1. he stood there ______for his mother .
2. ______for two hours , he went away .
a. waiting b. to wait c. waited d. having waited
3.what is the reason for __there ?
a. not your going b. not your go c. your not going d. you not to go
趁熱打鐵：
1.（北京09模擬）with their reputation ______in the milk powder incident, the food companies need ______ their image.
a. ruining, improving b. ruined, to improve
c. to ruin, to be improved d. to be ruined, being improved
2. (朝陽一模）peter' s mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never again
a. to find b. to be found c. finding d being found
3. (朝陽一模）she couldn't help, even though she tried not to, ______ at the strange clothes her friend was wearing.
a. to laugh b. laugh c. laughing d. laughed
4. (朝陽一模）_____ the chapter four times, i finally understood the author's theory.
a.reading b.having read c.to read d.read
5. (海淀09期末)the hotel al arab ______ the first and only 7-star hotel in the world was designed in the shape of a sail of 321 meters.
a.was considered b.considering c.being considered d.considered
6. (海淀09期末)—does shelly like shopping?
一well，she would rather spend time at home than in the street.
a.read；wander b.reading；wander
c.in reading；to wander d.reading；to wander
7. (西城一模)the time and effort he has devoted during the past few years trees in that remote area is now considered to be of great value.
a.to planting b.to plant c.plant d.planting
8. (西城一模)he felt lonely in the first month abroad，but after a time he got alone and even got it.
a.used to living；to enjoy b.used to live；to enjoy
c.using to live；enjoying d.to be used to living；enjoying
9.（石景山區(qū)一模）一don’t worry! i’ll have bob the job at once!
一yes, he has, but he had it instead.
a. do; doing b. doing; do c. done; done d. do; done
10.（石景山區(qū)一模）i hear they’ve promoted tom, but he didn’t mention when we talked on the phone.
a. to promote b. having been promoted
c. having promoted d. to be promoted
11.（石景山區(qū)一模）1 hope with her about that during the time we at college.
a. to talk; studied b. to have talked; are studying
c. to talk; were studying d. to have talked; were studying
12. (海淀一模) these suggestions will help you become more cooperative and achieve more.
a.followed b.following c.to follow d.being followed
13. (海淀一模)一can i have the document right now?
一of course.wait a minute and i ’ll have my secretary it for you
a.to print b.printing c.printed d.print
14. (豐臺一模)you have to decide which school to choose. you can’t postpone ________that decision much longer.
a.to make b.make c.made d.making
15. (豐臺一模)when _______ why he went there, the astronaut said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.
a.asking b.being asked c.asked d.having asked
16.（東城一模）the pop star walked out of the stage, her hands elegantly to her crazy fans.
a.waving b.was waving c.waved d.to wave
17.（東城一模）another primary school is reported for children in wen chuan now.
a.to have been built. b.to have built c.being built d.to be building
18.（東城一模）with their son a foreign college now, the parents have some financial problem now and then.
a.to attend b.attending c.attended d.having attended
19.（崇文一模）oh! my god! a file seems by mistake!
a.deleted b.to be deleted c.being deleted d.to have been deleted
20.（崇文一模） the noise, tony bent to look out of the window, the curtains with one hand.
a.to hear, to part b.hearing, parting
c.heard, parting d.to have heard, to part
21.（崇文一模）i can’t stand living in a busy city where people are always in a rush and to move to another place.
a.intended b.intending c.to intend d.intend
22.(宣武二模23)try ______the green button to see if the machine will start.
a.press b.to press c.pressing d.to have pressed
23.(宣武二模26)______with the threat of water shortages, beijing and shanghai are taking effective measures to save water and protect water resources.
a.face b.faced c.facing d.to face
24.(宣武二模35) a full discussion of the problem, the committee spent a whole hour exchanging their ideas at the meeting.
a.have b.having c.had d.to have
25.(西城二模25)--- you should have thanked the hostess before leaving.
--- i meant . but i couldn’t find her when i was leaving.
a.to do b.to c.doing d.doing so
26.(西城二模34)henry can’t attend the party at tom’s house at present because he is preparing tomorrow’s presentation.
a.hold b.to hold c.to be held d.being held
27.(海淀下期中25) these suggestions will help you become more cooperative and achieve more.
a.followed b.following c.to follow d.being followed
28.(海淀下期中27) --- can i have the document right now?
--- of course.wait a minute and i ’ll have my secretary it for you
a.to print b.printing c.printed d.print
29.(海淀下期末29）_____ the chapter four times, i finally understood the author's theory.
a.reading b.having read c.to read d.read
30.(海淀下期末30)they live on a busy road.there ______ be a lot of noise from the traffic.
a.must b.may c.would d.could
31.(海淀下期末35)the hotel al arab ______ the first and only 7-star hotel in the world was designed in the shape of a sail of 321 meters.
a.was considered b.considering c.being considered d.considered
32.(豐臺二模24)—what’s the matter with tim?
—oh. his electronic dictionary was left in a taxi accidentally, never again.
a.to find b.to be found c.finding d.being found
33.(豐臺二模26)looking at herself in the mirror, sofia decided to have her hair again.
a.wave b.to wave c.waving d.waved
34.(東城二模24)i’d rather have a house of my own than ____one with someone else, no matter how small it is.
a.to share b.sharing c.share d.have shared
35.(東城二模26）____by a greater demand for green products, the food company has set higher standards to ensure the quality.
a.driven b.being driven c.to drive d.having driven
36.(東城二模35)mistakes in ____ public notices can be seen here and there.
a.being translated b.translating c.having translated d.translated
37.(朝陽二模26)____in the mountains for three days, the young man was finally saved by the local police.
a.having lost b.lost c.being lost d.losing
38.(朝陽二模34)he spends, i think, a lot more time in reading english than i do ____ french.
a.learning b.to learn c.learn d.having learned
39.(東城示范校檢測24)with the college entrance examination ____ near, both the parents and the students are more and more anxious.
a. draws b. drawn c. drawing d. is drawing
40.(東城示范校檢測30) in a red skirt in the opening ceremony of the olympic games, the little girl lin miaoke won the hearts of the people all over the world.
a. dressed b. worn c. dressing d. wearing
41.(東城示范校檢測34)the problems at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve.
a. discussed b. to discuss c. to be discussed d. discussing
42.(崇文上期末22)mrs. shedden was about to leave when she noticed a bird on the car.
a.sit b.sitting c.to sit d.having sat
43.(崇文上期末26）many young people’s aim is their own companies.
a.start up b.starting up c.to start up d.having stated up
44.(崇文上期末27) rex not to phone; i don’t want to be disturbed.
a.ask b.asking c.to ask d.asked
45.(崇文上期末30)as a secretary, her job includes the boss’s phone calls.
a.taking b.take c.taken d.to take
46.(崇文上期末33)some animals eat only one type of food even when the choice.
a.giving b.gives c.given d.to give
key
1,b 2,b 3,c 4,b 5,d
6,b 7,a 8,a 9,d 10,b
11,d 12,b 13,d 14,d 15,c
16,a17,a 18,b 19,d 20,b
21,d 22,c 23,b 24,d 25,b
26,d 27,b 28,d 29,b 30,a
31,d 32,b 33,d 34,c 35,a
36,d 37,b 38,a 39,c 40,a
41,c 42,a 43,b 44,a 45,a 46,c