高考英語非謂語動詞和謂語動詞
提示；在英語語法中，掌握好動詞的用法是最重要的，而非謂語動詞又是動詞中非常重要的一部分，由于它們內容多，有些用法相似，所以不好掌握，經常被混淆用錯，筆者通過列表比較方法，我們會對非謂語動詞的用法一目了然，找出異同，更好的掌握它們的用法，下面通過列表比較的方式，分析非謂語動詞的主要用法。一、非謂語動詞和謂語動詞的相對時間關系
非謂語動詞相對謂語動詞的時間意義例句
一般式不定式說明行為在謂語動詞所表示的行為之后，多數是那些表愿望的詞：want; hope; expect; wish等。i want to go home.
i hope to see you.說明行為與謂語動詞表示的行為同時發生，多數是那些省略不定式符號的詞，一般是復合賓語。i saw him come in.
he helped him (to) carry things.
一般式動名詞表示動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發出。we enjoyed seeing the film.
i am thinking of taking over the job.在動詞insist on; rely on; count on(相信)等后表示動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之后發生。he insisted on doing that work在有些明確表示時間先后的動詞和介詞on; upon after代替完成動名詞表示的動作在謂語動詞表示的動作先發生。i remember seeing him before.
on arriving beijing, he went to see his friend.
一般式分詞
現在分詞
持續性動詞說明分詞表示的動作和句中謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生。he stood there speaking.
holding a book under his arm, he entered the room.
終止性動詞說明分詞表示的動作發生之后，句中謂語動詞表示的動作立刻發生。entering the room, i found nobody in.
turning to the right, you will find the post office.
過去分詞
持續性動詞
通常說明分詞表示的動作，此句中謂語動詞表示的動作先發生。written in simple english, the book is easy to read.
i can't find my lost pen. 說明分詞表示的動作和句中謂語動詞表示的動作并無先后。he is a person well-known in this country. 代替完成式現在分詞的被動語態。educated by the party, he became a brave fighter.
完成式不定式說明行為動詞在謂語動詞表示的行為動詞之前發生。i'm sorry to have troubled you.
he is said to have come here.
he is thought to have done it.
he is believed to have done it.
he seemed to have known it. 在wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等動詞過去時后，說明行為動詞沒有實現。we wished to have done this.
i expected to have left by then.
(=i had expected to heave by then.)
完成式動名詞說明動名詞表示的動作，此句中動詞表示的動作先發生。we regret having told you the news.
after having finished his work, he went home.
he denied having broke the glasses.
完成式分詞說明分詞表示的動作，此句中謂語動詞表示的動作先發生。多數表示一些瞬時間動詞。如果是hear; see或表示位置轉移的動詞arrive; leave; turn; open.不用完成時having finished his work, he went home.
sitting down with him, we begun to discuss it.
hearing this, he rose and went to the door.
二.非謂語動詞的被動語態 1. 非謂語動詞被動語態的意義
非謂語動詞
意義和用法
例句
不定式
表示被動的意義
the meeting is to be held next week.
he wanted to be sent to the hard area.
有時主動形式表示被動的意義，同被動沒什么區別，具有“應該”.“值的”的意思。不定式是主語的承受者，但有時作某些形容詞的賓語， 如：nice, easy, hard, difficult, fit, suitable, good, heavy, comfortable, cheap等。