非謂語動(dòng)詞的格式化結(jié)構(gòu)總結(jié)
非謂語動(dòng)詞的教學(xué)是我們高中英語語法教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)之一，既涉及到時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)知識(shí)，又涉及到句子成分等問題，還牽涉到謂語和非謂語的區(qū)別等。在平時(shí)的教學(xué)過程中，學(xué)生解答這類題目時(shí)常采用找非謂語動(dòng)詞與句子相關(guān)成分的邏輯關(guān)系和非謂語動(dòng)作先后的方法來解決的，邏輯關(guān)系確定非謂語的語態(tài)形式，動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后確定非謂語的時(shí)態(tài)形式。例：1.peter received a letter just now saying his grandma would come to see him soon.(saying的分詞短語作a letter的定語，兩者之間是主謂的邏輯關(guān)系。)2.it took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness to be made.(it took…to do 為固定句式，不定式作主語，make a connection中make與connection之間是動(dòng)賓的邏輯關(guān)系，→it took a long time for us to make the connection between body temperature and illness.)但在我們教學(xué)的過程中，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)有些題目學(xué)生用找邏輯關(guān)系的方法很難解決問題或者說有些題目中非謂語動(dòng)詞與句子的相關(guān)成分根本就不存在邏輯關(guān)系。例：1. a and guilty, he put the book back on the shelf she had secretly placed in her schoolbag.a. frightened b. frightening c. being frightened d. to be frightening(學(xué)生在a、b、c中難以取舍，片面地認(rèn)為“他害怕”是主動(dòng)的邏輯關(guān)系而選b或者認(rèn)為這里的frighten還是一種行為而選c) 2.technologinally a , china’s chang-e project does better than anyearlier project of the same kind. a. speaking b. spoken c. speak d. to speak(這里的主語china’s chang-e project與speaking之間沒有邏輯關(guān)系，而學(xué)生則因思維定勢(shì)習(xí)慣地認(rèn)為“工程被說”是被動(dòng)，很可能選b.)針對(duì)上述情況，筆者把一些與非謂語動(dòng)詞有關(guān)的固定結(jié)構(gòu)歸納在一起，形成了一些固定格式——非謂語動(dòng)詞格式化結(jié)構(gòu)：一.“get ＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，get與be一樣表被動(dòng)，就是該過去分詞的被動(dòng)意義，但表示的是動(dòng)作，而并非狀態(tài)。 1.having been caught cheating in the exam, he got punished. 2.there is no time for you to b for the ball. a. be dressed b. get dressed c. get dressing d. dress 3.be careful when you cross this very busy street. if not, you may b runover by a car. a. have b. get c. become d. turn常見用在這一結(jié)構(gòu)的過去分詞有：get lost/paid/separated/damaged/run/punished/caught/changed/charged/dressed/hurt/burnt/killed等等。運(yùn)用這一結(jié)構(gòu)要訓(xùn)練學(xué)生把get sth. doing /get sth. done/get sth. to do等區(qū)分開來。例：4.you know he is not going to let us leave early if the work can’t b done.