2017高考英語備考 非謂語動詞
XX高考英語備考(考點聚焦+名題導解) 非謂語動詞¯一、考點聚焦 1、非謂語動詞的句法功能
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賓語
賓語補足語
表語
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不定式
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動名詞
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現在分詞
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過去分詞
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√2、動詞不定式復心中應注意的幾個問題 (1)不定式作表語與“be + to do sth.”的異同。不定式作表語說明主語的內容或性質。 his job is to guard.(說明內容) be + to do sth.(表示按計劃要做的事) (2)帶不定式作賓語的詞語。 下列詞語常不定式作賓語:afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。 下列動詞后可接疑問詞+不定式:teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。 (3)如何理解和使用不定式作賓補。 ①動詞see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的賓補用動詞原形,變被動時要加to,此時的不定式就是主語補足語。②常用帶不定式作賓補的幾種情況:主語 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.③主語 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done④主語 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.(4)不定式作定語的特殊用法。①下列詞語后常接不定式作定語:chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。②不定式作定語和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關系。there is no one to look after her.③不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動賓關系。she is now looking for a room to live in.(5)不定式作狀語的用法。不定式作狀語,修飾動詞,在句中表示行為目的、結果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的結果。we hurried to the classroom only to find none there .in order(not)to,so as(not)to用來引導目的狀語,enough,too, so… as to do, such + 名詞… as to do作結果狀語,如:the girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.i’m not such a fool as to believe that.(6)不定式的完成時的特殊用法。①表示不定式中謂語動詞發生的動作先于主句的謂語動詞發出的動作。the novel was said to have been published.i regret to have been with you for so many years.seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等動詞常用于上面句型。此外,glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成時,但要注意與一般時的區別。i’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.對不起,請稍等。(說話時還未等)i’m sorry to have kept you waiting.對不起,讓你久等了。(說話時已等了很久)②不定式的完成時還可表示“過去本想做某事但未做”的虛擬語氣。(a)should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成時。(b)was / were to + 不定式的完成時,表示該做某事或想做但未實現。(c)expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成時,表示過去未曾實現的愿望。