2017高考英語備考 非謂語動詞

4. try knocking at the back door.  we must try to get everything ready.5. that will mean flooding some land.  i had meant to go on monday.1. remember to do sth.記住要做的事  remember doing sth.回顧過去發(fā)生的事2. forget to do sth.忘記要做的事  forget doing sth.忘記做過的事3. regret to do sth.對將要做的事抱歉  regret doing sth.對發(fā)生過的事后悔4. try to do sth.設(shè)法……，試圖  try doing sth.試試看，試一試5. mean to do sth.打算做……，想要  mean doing sth.意味著，就是 want, require, need

例         句

解         析these desks need repairing.these desks need to be repaired.the patient required examinedthe patient required to be examined.1. need doing 需要被做  need to be done需要被做2. want doing want to be done3. require doing  require to be done4、分詞復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)注意的幾個問題 （1）現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作時間、原因、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果等狀語。 ①時間狀語（分詞作狀語前面可加when, while等）hearing the good news, he jumped with greatjoy.not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.②原因狀語seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note③伴隨狀語the girls came in, following their parents.④結(jié)果狀語the poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的幾個特性。①時間性。與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，用一般時，如發(fā)生在謂語動作之前時則用完成式having done。②語態(tài)性。與句子的主語之間的關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。遵循的規(guī)則“主動進(jìn)行，被動完成”。③人稱一致性。分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。（2）分詞作表語。s. + be + 動詞-ed表示被動，主語是人；s. + be + 動詞-ing表示主動，主語是物。分詞作賓補(bǔ)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：教學(xué)資源，完全免費(fèi)，無須注冊，天天更新！">教學(xué)資源，完全免費(fèi)，無須注冊，天天更新！">      感官動詞          動詞原形→做了某事s.+           + 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞→正在做某事      使役動詞          過去分詞→做了或被做5、復(fù)習(xí)過去分詞應(yīng)注意的幾個問題過去分詞作狀語，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，有來說明原因、時間、條件等。 （1）過去分詞作原因狀語 tired by the trip, he soon feel asleep. = because he was tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep. lost in thought , he almost ran into a car. =as he was lost in thought, he almost ran into a car. （2）作時間狀語 seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden. =when the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden. （3）作條件狀語 given more time, i would have worked out the problem. =if i have been given more time, i would have worked out the problem. （4）伴隨狀語 the teacher came in, followed by some students. =the teacher came in and was followed by some students. 分詞短語作狀語時，通常與主句中的主語在邏輯上一致，但有時它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如： her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him. ñ二、精典名題導(dǎo)解 選擇填空 1. __________such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. a.having suffered     b.suffering    c.to suffer     d.suffered 解析：答案為a。本題考查分詞短語作狀語的用法。分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須是句子的主語，而本句的主語看似是it,其實(shí)它為形式主語，真正的主語為不定式，而不定式省略了邏輯主語for people，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，又因already，應(yīng)用完成時。 2. one learns a language by making mistakes and _______ them.(XX年春季高考) a.correct            b.correcting      c.corrects     d.to correct 解析：答案為b。本題考查動名詞作介詞賓語的用法。介詞by意為“通過……，憑……”，后面常接動名詞，形成“by+ v. –ing ”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示通過做某事而得到某種結(jié)果。本題中只有correcting符合。 3. the picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew. a.having hung        b.hanging       c.hangs       d.being hung 解析：答案為b。本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的用法。根據(jù)句意“墻上掛的那幅畫是我侄子畫的”，可知空白處所填的動詞形式在句中作定語，表說話時仍在進(jìn)行的動作或所處的解題關(guān)鍵在于分析picture與hang之間的邏輯關(guān)系。 4.“we can’t go out in this weather,”said bob,         out of the window. a. looking      b. to look      c. looked       d. having looked 解析：答案為a。本句考非謂與動詞作伴隨狀語。全句合理的句意是：bob看著窗外說，“我們不能在這種天氣出去”。bob在說話的同時在看著窗外，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式，表主動和進(jìn)行。a項(xiàng)正合語境。b項(xiàng)不定式表主動、將來的動作。c項(xiàng)表被動完成的動作（上處不是并列謂語）。d項(xiàng)表完成的主動動作，均不和語境。 5.reading is an experience quite different from watching tv; there are pictures          in your mind instead of before your eyes. a. to form         b. form       c. forming      d. having formed 解析：答案為c。全句意為：讀書是一種與看電視相當(dāng)不同的體驗(yàn)，有畫面在你的心中，而不是在你的眼前形成。所以本題考非謂語動詞，表主動且進(jìn)行著的動作。人們看書時，讀到什么情節(jié)或場面，這樣的情節(jié)或場面便（同時）在心中形成。 6.the news reporters hurried to the airport, only         the film stars had left. a. to tell         b. to be told        c. telling        d. told 解析：答案為b。本題考查非謂語用法。only + to do 常用此結(jié)構(gòu)作結(jié)果狀語，tell及物動詞，tell之后常帶雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)，故tell采用被動形式。