2017屆高考英語非謂語動詞
非謂語動詞 【知識點(diǎn)歸納】 i.概述 1.基本形式的變化： 不定式：時(shí)態(tài)主動態(tài)被動態(tài)一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式to be doing完成式to have builtto have been built john said that he had run in order to catch the bus. (一般式的主動態(tài)) he hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被動態(tài)) he pretended to be listening attentively. (進(jìn)行式) he intended to have told you that. (完成式主動態(tài)) this work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被動態(tài)) v-ing形式時(shí)態(tài)主動態(tài)被 動 態(tài)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done 注意：不及物動詞沒有被動式 動名詞 i am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主動態(tài)) (= i am sure that he will come in time) he is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被動態(tài)) (= he is proud that he is selected as monitor.) i’m confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主動態(tài)) (= i am confident that he have passed the exam.) he complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被動態(tài)) 現(xiàn)在分詞 he sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主動態(tài)) being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被動態(tài)) having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主動態(tài)) all this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被動態(tài)) 2.所做成分項(xiàng)目/成分主語表語賓語賓補(bǔ)定語狀語動詞的ing形式現(xiàn)在分詞△△△△動名詞△△△△不定式△△△△△△過去分詞△△△△ 注：現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式、過去分詞都可以作獨(dú)立成分。 ii.基本知識 1.動詞不定式在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧 、僮髦髡Z。 to see once is better than to hear a hundred times. to make money is not the only purpose of our life.賺錢不是我們生活的唯一目的 在很多情況下，常用it 來充當(dāng)動詞不定式的形式主語。 it is important for us to learn english very well.對我們來說學(xué)好英語是非常重要的。 ②作動詞的賓語，常用在以下動詞后： help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem) he managed to pass the exam.他成功地通過了考試。 he promised to be here at nine.他答應(yīng)9點(diǎn)鐘到這兒。 i didn’t expect to see you here.我沒有料到在這兒見到你。 在某些復(fù)合賓語中，用it做形式賓語，而把不定式放到后面去。 he considered it better to leave now.他認(rèn)為最好現(xiàn)在就離開。 i found it impossible to finish the work on time.我發(fā)現(xiàn)準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作是不可能的。 ③作定語(常置于名詞之后)。 由only, last, next 序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式做定語; 不定式還可用作名詞