2017屆高考英語非謂語動詞
the broken glass scattered on the ground.破杯 注：現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞都可作定語，但現(xiàn)在分詞表達的是正在進行的事情，有主動意義;而過去分詞表示的是已完成的事情，有被動意義。 ②作表語、賓語補足語。能帶分詞作賓補的動詞常見的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。 the story is boring. i found him reading a novel. 在讀小說(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語) i found him surrounded by a group of children.一群孩子包圍著 (過去分詞作賓語補足語) ③作狀語。分詞作狀語可以表示時間,原因, 條件,結(jié)果,伴隨情況。 having read all the required papers, he answered the questions fluently.(時間) being short of money, i decided to apply for the work.(原因) seriously injured, allen was rushed to the hospital.(原因) if going there by plane, we’ll have to pay twice as much.(條件) unless asked to answer questions, the pupils were not supposed to talk in mrs smith’s class.(條件) the farmer used a new insecticide, thus raising the average yield by 15%.(結(jié)果) he sat in a rocking chair, watching tv.(伴隨) 注意：分詞的特殊結(jié)構(gòu) ①獨立主格 有時分詞的邏輯主語與主句主語不一致，這時分詞須帶上自身的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中多作伴隨狀語。亦可用來表示時間、原因、條件等。 that being the case, we’d better make some changes in the plan. weather permitting, we will go out. == if weather permits the teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom. ②“with或without + 名詞或代詞 + 分詞”的復合結(jié)構(gòu) 常用作補充說明或表示伴隨情況。例如：he fell asleep with the lamp burning. ③某些固定結(jié)構(gòu) generally / frankly speaking …,judging from / by …中，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，這種結(jié)構(gòu)只限于為數(shù)很少的幾個動詞。 judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.從他的衣著判斷 frankly speaking, i don't like him at all.坦率地說 ④catch+賓語+doing i caught them stealing my apples.我抓住他們偷我的蘋果。 if she catches me reading her diary，she'll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日記，她會憤怒的 注：有些現(xiàn)在分詞可以作介詞用：如concerning, considering, regarding, respecting等。 considering his age, he is tall.考慮了他的年齡 i have nothing to say concerning his speech.關(guān)于他的演講 iii.非謂語動詞比較 1.做主語和賓語時的比較 一般來說，不定式和動名詞成份相同時，表示客觀性、一般性行為多用動名詞表示，而表示一次性、具體性行為則多用不定式。 looking after children is her job.照看小孩 to clean the classroom is his job today.打掃教室 i like swimming, but i don't like to swim today because i don't feel well.