2017屆高考英語非謂語動(dòng)詞
①目的狀語：通常有不定式表示，由于不定式的客觀性和將來性特征。不定式前還可加上in order，so as來加強(qiáng)說話的口氣。但so as to通常不用于句首。 the smiths have gone to london to spend their holidays. i came here (in order/so as) to hear the report. in order to(不用so as to) see better, we took front seats. ②時(shí)間狀語：分詞作時(shí)間狀語相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句。現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語一般位于句首，表示的動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞前可以加上時(shí)間連詞。如果分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成體形式。過去分詞作時(shí)間狀語與謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成同時(shí)性和被動(dòng)意義。分詞前有時(shí)加上時(shí)間連詞。 arriving (=when he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there. waiting (=when i was waiting) to see the doctor, i met with a friend of mine. having (=when we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination. having (=when he had) finished his homework, he went to bed. after finishing his homework, he went to bed. seen (=when the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful. locked (=when he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world. when asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.當(dāng)請(qǐng)他作演講時(shí) once recovered, he will go all out to do his work.一旦康復(fù) ③原因狀語：不定式作原因狀語往往用于形容詞之后,這些形容詞通常是happy, sorry, fortunate, angry, glad, ashamed, discouraged, delighted, frightened, shocked等。分詞作原因狀語相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句。一般位于句首。 i am sorry to hear that you are not well. i'm very sorry to have kept you waiting so long.讓你久等了 we are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide. being (=since he was) ill all last year, he lived in a sanatorium. there being no enough money, he couldn't buy the dictionary that he wanted. 由于沒有錢 having (=since they had) been asked to stay, they couldn't possibly leave right away. moved (=as he was moved) by the heroic deeds of the pla man, he burst into tears. ④條件狀語：通常用分詞來表示，相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句。一般位于句首。 turning (=if you turn) to the left，you will see the post office. united (=if we are united), we stand; divided (=if we are divided), we fall. given (=if he had been given) more time, he would be able to do better. ⑤結(jié)果狀語從句：不定式作結(jié)果狀語通常用于so+形容詞或副詞+as to，such+名詞+as to，too…to，enough to和only to等結(jié)構(gòu)。現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語表示謂語動(dòng)詞的結(jié)果。 he arrived late to find the train gone. i worked late into the night, only to find i had not finished half of the job.