高考英語非謂語動詞和謂語動詞
it's too small to see.
there is a lot of work to do
the house is to let at low rent.
houses are still to seek.
much remains to do.
the text is hard to learn.
動名詞
表示被動的意義
he insisted on being sent to the hard area.
在動詞need, require等的主動語態和形容詞worth后, 表示被動的意義
my watch needs repairing.
the book is worth reading.
分詞
現在分詞
表示被動的意義
the building being built is a school.
not having been told, he didn't know where to start.
過去分詞
表示被動的意義
heated, the metal expands.
2. 一般現在分詞，完成的現在分詞和過去分詞表示被動意義的區別
非謂語動詞
意義和用法
例句
一般式現在分詞
含有具體的意義，說明和句中謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生，一般是持續性動詞
the person being criticized is our monitor.
完成式分詞
表示動作狀態比句中謂語動作先發生，一般是瞬間動詞
not having been told about it, i don't know how to do it.
過去分詞
具有一船的意義，強調事實，說明比句中謂語動詞表示的動作先發生，有時同完成式的被動詞態可互換。
given more time, (=having been given) i can do it much better.
三.非謂語動詞的句法作用 1. 非謂語動詞的句法作用一覽表 非謂語動詞 句子成分
不定式
動名詞
分詞
主語
√
√
賓語
直接賓語
√
√
短語動詞賓語
√
√
賓語補語
√
√
√
介詞賓語
√
形容詞賓語
√
√
表語
√
√
√
定語
√
√
√
狀語
√
√
同謂語
√
√
插入語
√
√
2. 非謂語動詞作主語
非謂語動詞
意義和用法
例句
不定式動詞不定式表示比較具體的意義，經常和特定的動作和執行者聯系起來，經常帶時間或地點狀語，有時表示將要發生的動作。to master a foreign language is no easy job.
to do it well is my earnest desire
to see this film is to waste time.
to solve this problem is out of the question 動詞不定式（短語）作主語時，常見的另一種形式是在句首用先行代詞it作形式主語，而將動詞不定式（短語）移到謂語之后作真正主語。用于這種形式是一些特定形容詞，動詞和名詞1)形容詞作表語（常見的形容詞有：important, difficult, easy hard possible）
it is foolish to act in this way.
it sounds reasonable to do it this way.
it appears likely for them to arrive.
2) 動詞作謂語（常見的動詞有：require, cost, amuse, delight, irritate, annoy
it took much time to do this.
it makes us excited to think about that.
it needed hard work to finish the job.
3)名詞作表語
it seems a pity to waste them.
it is a great pleasure to do this
it is a good idea to think this way.
動名詞 動名詞表求比較抽象（一般）和經常性的意義，有時可同不定式互換collecting stamps is a good hobby.
swimming is a best sport in summer.