A letter from a pen-friend教案1
3 we use short forms with i/you/he/she etc. but you can use short forms (especially 's) with other words too.
who's = who is
•what's = what is
there's = there is
here's = here is
my sister's working in london. (= my sister is)
paul's gone out. (=paul has)
•what colour's = what colour is
4 negative short forms:
isn't = is not aren't = are not
wasn't = was not weren't = weren't
hasn't = has not haven't = have not
hadn' = had not don't = do not
doesn't = does not didn't = did not
can't = cannot couldn't = could not
won't = will not wouldn't = would not
shouldn't = should not mustn't = must not
needn't = need not
5 's (apostrophe + s)
's can mean different things:
a) 's = is or has
b) let's = let us
c) ann's camera (= her camera)/my brother's car (= his car)/the manager's office (= his/her office) etc.
[additional exercise]
compare 'ann's':
•ann's camera was very expensive.
•ann's a very good photographer.
•ann's got a new camera.
consolidation
1 workbook 8a, section d on page 3
2 grammar practice book 8a, sections c and d, from page 3 to page 6.