外研版必修3 Module4復習學案
3.sandstorms in china appear to have increased ______________________________
4.cutting down trees and digging up grass can______________________________
5. traffic moved slowly because ______________________________
6.the government is planting trees to the west of beijing to______________________________
step 4 language explanations
1 mass adj. 大規模的 a mass campaign 一場大規模的戰役
n. 團,塊,堆
a mass of clouds /hot air
a mass of =masses of 許多,大量
the masses 群眾
2 be caught in 被困于…,遇到…
he was late for work yesterday afternoon because he was caught in the traffic jam.
charles chaplin was once caught in a snowstorm for several days.
3 appear v. 1) 出現,出版,發行
his book will appear in the bookshop next week.
a smile appeared on his face when he heard the good news.
2) 看起來,似乎。 系動詞
she appeared very tired.
she appears to want to leave.
4 prevent somebody from doing, stop somebody from doing,
keep somebody from doing
阻止某人做某事。
note: keep sb. from doing 中from 不可以省略, 因為keep sb. doing 意為：讓某人一直做某事。其他兩個詞組中from省略后意思不變。
i’m sorry to keep you waiting so long. 很抱歉讓你等了這么久。
we must keep him from complaining all day.
我們不能讓他整天抱怨了。
grammar
不定式
step 1 presentation
look at the examples a-f. the underlined phrases are examples of different types of infinitive.
a. the wind is strong enough. it can move sand dunes.
the wind is strong enough to move sand dunes.
b. we were advised, “ don’t go outside.”
we were advised not to go outside.
c. i’m cycling to work in a sandstorm and it’s frightening.
i’m frightening to be cycling to work in a sandstorm.
d. there is nothing anyone can do.
there is nothing to be done.
e. i am the only person in my family who has been in a sandstorm.
i am the only person in my family to have been in a sandstorm.
f. i’ve been caught in a sandstorm. it was a terrible experience.
to have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience.
step 2 explanations
i 動詞不定式的時態和語態形式
時 態 主 動 被 動
一般式 to do to be done
進行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
1. 動詞不定式的一般式：表示與主動詞處于同一時間層面或動作發生于主動詞之后。
eg: he seems to understand what i said
i hope to visit paris again.
2. 動詞不定式的進行式：表示與主動詞同時發生且動作正在進行。
eg: the two cheats pretended to be working hard.
3. 動詞不定式的完成式：表示不定式動作發生于主動詞之前。