高二英語第九單元 Saving the Earth (拯救地球)

科目 英語
年級 高二
文件 high2 unit9.1.doc
標題 Saving the Earth (拯救地球)
章節(jié) 第九單元
關鍵詞 高二英語第九單元
內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
同學們，你們讀過美國海洋生物學家萊切爾•卡遜的著作《寂靜的春天》（1962年）嗎 ？書中為我們描述的一個明天的寓言。從前，在美國的中部有這樣一個城鎮(zhèn)，那里的一切生物同其周圍的環(huán)境看來相處得非常和諧：它坐落在像棋盤般排列整齊的繁榮的農(nóng)場的中央，周圍是莊稼地，小山下果樹成林。春天，繁花點綴在綠色的原野上；秋天，透過松林的屏風，橡樹、楓樹和白樺樹散射出火焰般的彩色光輝；冬天，道路兩旁也是美麗的，無數(shù)的小鳥飛來，潔凈而清涼的小溪從山中流出，形成了生活著鱒魚的綠蔭池塘。
小鎮(zhèn)一直是這個樣，直到許多年前的一天，第一批居民來到這里修建房屋，挖井筑倉，情況才發(fā)生了變化。從那時起，一個奇怪的陰影就籠罩了這個地區(qū)，一切都發(fā)生了變化，不祥的征兆降臨到村落里：神秘莫測的疾病襲擊了成群的小雞，牛羊紛紛病倒和死亡，到處是死神的幽靈。農(nóng)夫們訴說著他們多病的家庭，醫(yī)生們則為病人中出現(xiàn)的新病感到困惑不解。
一種奇怪的寂靜籠罩了這個地方。園中覓食的鳥兒不見了，曾經(jīng)蕩漾著烏鴉、鴿子、鷦鷯的合唱以及其它鳥鳴的聲浪的早晨，現(xiàn)在一切聲音都沒有了，只有一片寂靜覆蓋著田野、樹林和沼地。曾經(jīng)是多么吸引人的小路的兩旁，現(xiàn)在排列著仿佛是火災浩劫后的焦黃的枯萎的植物。甚至小溪也失去了生命，因為所有的魚已經(jīng)死亡。這里已被生命所拋棄，留下來的只是一個寂靜的春天，無聲無息……
卡遜大膽地預言：“在人們的忽視中，一個狼狽猙獰的幽靈已向我們襲來，這個現(xiàn)象中的悲劇可能會很容易地變成一個我們大家都將知道的活生生的現(xiàn)實。”30 多年過去了，卡遜“明天的寓言”卻不幸成為了今天的現(xiàn)實：以環(huán)污染、資源枯竭、能源危機、糧食短缺、人口爆炸、生物多樣性喪失以及技術危機等為表現(xiàn)形式的生態(tài)危機，這一切都在不斷加劇，使人類的生存和發(fā)展陷入了嚴峻的困境之中。人類在合理性地維系自身的生存和發(fā)展的同時，有陷入了理性和意志的無限擴張所鑄就的“鐵籠”之中，人與自然關系的嚴重矛盾和沖突已經(jīng)達到一個令人深以為憂的危險之界。
《呂氏春秋》中有：“竭澤而漁，豈不獲得？而明年無魚；焚而田，豈不獲得？而明年無獸。”這些話是我們祖先維護自身生存和發(fā)展的基本價值觀念和行動規(guī)范，體現(xiàn)了人類在環(huán)境保護和資源利用方面的一種樸素的、自覺的理性，代表了人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀念的源起。
《只有一個地球》的前言中指出：“毫無疑問，當前大多數(shù)的環(huán)境問題，都是來自人類對生態(tài)的錯誤行動。……我們把征服自然看作是人類的進步，這就意味著常因我們的錯誤認識而破壞了自然界。盡管作為物種之一的人類，在破壞和污染了自然界之后仍能生存下去，但是在這樣污穢的環(huán)境里，人類還能長期保持他的尊嚴嗎？”
因此，通過本單元的學習，同學們要深刻認識到愛護人類共同享有的生物圈的重要性，充分了解環(huán)境污染的危害性和保護環(huán)境的重要性。
另外，通過學習語法中的過去分詞作表語和定語，可以更好地表達自己的思想，形象地描繪事物的景象。如：He was tired . (他累得精疲力竭。) 這里的 tired 就是過去分詞作表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)。
【指點迷津】
A. 大綱規(guī)定的單元日常核心交際用語指南
Agreement & Supposition (同意與推測)
同意和不同意是肯定和否定的另一種形式，但表達的不是某個事實的正確與否，而是對它的判斷和意見。英語中表示同意時盡可采用熱情而強烈的口氣，都不會過分。但如果對一令人不愉快的意見表示同意時，可能加上一些表示遺憾之類的詞語更為合適。
對某件事的真實性是否有把握，可以用委婉的語氣進行推測。
● 同意和推測功能套語 30 句
1. It is a good idea to do … 干……是個好注意
2. I agree to your plan .
3. That\'s quite true .
4. That\'s what I was thinking .
5. You are probably right .
6. I couldn\'t agree more . 我完全同意。
7. I can\'t help thinking the same . =I think exactly the same . 我就是這么想的。
8. I agree completely / entirely / thoroughly / strongly . 我完全同意。
9. That\'s exactly my own opinion . =I\'m of exactly the same opinion . 我持完全相同的意見。
10. I don\'t think anyone would disagree . 我想沒有人會不同意。
11. If we go on polluting the world , it won\'t be fit for us to live in .
12. He must be 25 . 他一定 25 歲了。
13. He can\'t be 30 years old . 他不可能 30 歲了。
14. I think / suppose / guess he must come from a poor family .
15. Obviously / As a result , she lives in the lonely house . 很明顯她住在偏僻的房子里。
16. If he left at eight , he would have arrived by now . 如果他 8 點動身，現(xiàn)在就該到了。
17. I am pretty sure that the lady was disappointed .
18. It seems clear to me that we are getting lazy in our old age . 人老了漸漸地懶惰起來，這一點在我看來很清楚。
19. Don\'t you think she\'s a bright student ? 你不認為她是個聰明的學生嗎 ？
20. You\'d agree with me , wouldn\'t you ? 你同意我的看法，不是嗎 ？
21. I wonder if you would agree with me .
22. So do I . 我也一樣。
23. I think / suppose so . 我想是這樣的。
24. I agree with much of what you said , but things are not so easy .
25. Certainly . =Sure . =No problem . 沒問題。
● Model Dialogues 交際示范
A：Which is more difficult , science or English ?
B：Science , I think .
A：I quite agree with you . I also think science is as interesting as English .
B：No , I can\'t really agree with you . In my opinion , science is more interesting while English is less difficult .
A：Maybe you are right . But you can\'t drop science because it\'s very important .
B：No , I won\'t .
B. 單元重點新詞透視
1.damage 作不可數(shù)名詞或者動詞是“毀壞，損害，損失”
Smoking can bring damage to your health . 吸煙會損害你的健康。
The fire has badly damaged the building . 大火嚴重地燒毀了這座樓房。
測試要點：
(1) cause / do damage to sth 給某物造成損失，damage 的前面可以加表達程度的形容詞 great , much , serious , heavy , bad , a lot of , a great deal of , slight , little ，注意不用 small 。
The storm did much damage to the crop . 暴風雨對農(nóng)作物造成許多損害。
No damage was done to the ship . 船沒有受到損害。
He did a lot of damage to the team . 他做了許多有損于該隊的事。
(2) damage 作可數(shù)名詞是“賠款，賠償費”。
The insurance company has paid us damages . 保險公司已經(jīng)把賠款付給了我們。
對比：The insurance company has paid for the damage . 保險公司已經(jīng)賠償了損失。
(3) damage 含對某物的部分損壞，有時用于借喻中。
Do away with the bad habits that might damage yourself . 去掉那些有損你形象的壞習慣吧。
2. fit 作形容詞是“適合的，能勝任的”。作動詞是“使適合，合身，相配，吻合，安裝”。作名詞是“合身得體的衣服”。
She is not fit to look after the old . 她不適合照看老年人。
（正）This pair of shoes fits me well / perfectly . 這雙鞋我穿著很合適。
（誤）This pair of shoes fits for me well / perfectly .
（正）This pair of shoes fits well / perfectly . 這雙鞋很合適。
This coat is a good fit . 這件大衣很合身。
Will you please help me fit a new door ? 你能幫我裝個新門嗎
測試要點：
(1) be fit for + 名詞是 “適合……”。be unfit for + 名詞是“不適合……”。
My niece is just the girl , who is fit for this job . =My niece is just the girl , who is fit to do this job .
Her son is unfit for the position , isn\'t he ? 她的兒子不勝任那個職務，是嗎 ？
(2) fit 作表語時其后的不定式用主動形式代表被動形式。作形容詞還表達“健康的，身體好的”。
（誤）This kind of food isn\'t fit to eat . 這種食物不能吃。
（正）This kind of food isn\'t fit to be eaten .
I hope you are keeping fit . 我希望你保持健康的體魄。
Keep fit and study hard . 注意身體，好好學習。
(3) fit 指大小、形狀的合適，引申為吻合、協(xié)調(diào)。suit 指合乎需要、口味、條件、地位，以及花色、款式等與某人的皮膚、氣質、身材或身份相稱。match 多指大小、色調(diào)、形狀、性質等的搭配。
This new jacket fits her well . 這件夾克很合她的身。
對比：This new jacket suits her beautifully . 這件夾她穿著真漂亮。
That colour suits you best .
Try the new key and see if it fits the keyhole .
Does this time suit you ?
No dish suits all tastes .
當表示“使……適合”的意思時，fit 常與 for 連用；suit 常與 to 連用。
His experience fits him for the job .
He suited his speech to his audience . 他使自己的演講適合于聽眾。
The People\'s Great Hall and the Historical Museum match the Tian An Men beautifully . 人民大會堂和歷史博物館把天安門陪襯得極為美麗。
3. area 面積，地區(qū)，區(qū)域。可以指任何一個地區(qū)。
There are various kinds of wild animals in this area .在這個地區(qū)有各種各樣的野生動物。
His farm covers a large area .
Some areas of the town is very dirty .
a desert area 沙漠區(qū)， an occupied area 被占領區(qū)，an earthquake-stricken area 地震災區(qū)
測試要點：
(1) have / cover an area of 占地……
This park covers an area of 1,000 mu .
(2) in area 從面積上講
China is the largest country in Asia in area .
(3) with an area of 擁有……的面積
Our school is one with an area of 500 mu .
China is a country with an area of 9.6 million square kilometres . 中國領土面積達 960 萬平方公里。
(4) 區(qū)別 area , region , district
area 作“地區(qū)”指整體中較大的、界限不很分明的一部分，不是行政上的地理單位。
region 指具有更大的區(qū)域的固定邊界，是指行政管理區(qū)。
district 指特別劃定的具有特別意義并隸屬管轄的地區(qū)。
It is easy to find the area of the city where the wealthiest families live . 很容易找到城市中最富有的家庭居住的地區(qū)。
The area surrounding the North Pole is called the Arctic region . 北極周圍的地區(qū)稱為北極區(qū)。
This country has nine autonomous regions . 這個國家分為九個自治區(qū)。
The busiest shopping district in Beijing is around Wangfujing Street .
Have you ever been to the District of Columbia ?
4. cattle 牛（總稱）；家畜。
He has 5 ( head of ) cattle on the farm . 他在農(nóng)場有 5 頭牛。
Cattle feed on grass . 牛以草為食。
測試要點：
cattle 是具有生命意義的集體名詞，表復數(shù)時其后不要加 -s 。類似的還有：folk 人們，people 人們，人民，police 警察，poultry 家禽，force 人員.
The cattle are running along the hillside .
The police are after the thieves .
Only the people are the greatest .
5. living 活著的，現(xiàn)存的
They didn\'t find any living things on the moon , did they ?
He is believed to be one of the best living novelists . 他被認為是當今最優(yōu)秀的小說家之一。
測試要點：區(qū)別 living , alive , live , life ,
● alive ; living ; live ; lively ; life ; lives
這四個詞都有“活著”之意，它們的用法各不相同。
1. alive [[\'laiv] 意為“活著”，側重說明生與死之間的界限，既可指人，也可指物；可用來作表語，后置定語或賓補。雖有死的可能，但還活著。例如：
The badly wounded soldier was still alive when taken to the hospital .
He is dead , but his dog is still alive . 他死了，但他的狗仍然還活著。
No man alive is greater than he . 在活著的人中沒有人比他更偉大了。(注：此時 alive 含有“在所有活著的……之中”)
He wanted to keep the fish alive . 他想讓魚活著。
living 意為“活著”強調(diào)說明“尚在人間”，“健在”，可用來指人或物，作定語或表語。例如：
Comrade Wang is really a living Lei Feng in our country .
My first teacher is still living . 我的啟蒙老師仍健在。
English is a living language . 英語的活的語言。
A living language should be learned through listening and speaking .
He is regarded as one of the best living writers at present . 他被認為是當代活著的最好的作家之一。
注意：living 前加上 the , 表示類別，指“活著的人們”。例如：
The living must finish the work of those dead . 活著的人必須完成那些死去的人的事業(yè)。
living 還可用于短語，例如：make a living 謀生。
live [laiv]“活著的”，通常指物，不指人，常用來作定語放名詞的前面。還指“實況轉播的”。例如：
a live wire 有電的電線，a live fish 一條活魚。
Do you like a live show or a recorded show ? 你是喜歡直播還是錄音 。
He said he had seen a live whale . 他說他看見過活鯨魚。
make a / one\'s living by + ing 通過干……謀生
lively [\'laivli] 則意為“活潑的”，“活躍”，“充滿生氣的”，可作定語、表語或賓補，既可指人，又可指物。例如：
Jenny is a lively girl . 詹妮是個活潑的女孩。
Everything is lively here . 這兒一切都生機勃勃。
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting . 他有一種奇特的方法，使他的課生動有趣。
life 是名詞作生命可數(shù)，作生活不可數(shù)。其復數(shù)是 lives 。類似把 fe 變?yōu)?-ves 的還有：wife , shelf , leaf , half , loaf , thief , knife , wolf , self .
I prefer country life to city life .
These children are full of life . 這些孩子充滿火力。
Many people lost their lives in the accident .
all one\'s life 一生 ，true to life 栩栩如生，in one\'s life 在……的一生中，come back to life 蘇醒過來，live / lead a happy life 過著幸福的生活。
用 alive ; living ; live ; lively ; life ; lives 填空：
1) Both plants and animals are _____ things .
2) Who is the greatest man ______ ?
3) They were ______ and as happy as ever .
4) Millions of people hunt and fish for a _______ .
5) His lessons are ______ and interesting .
6) Many soldiers gave their for the liberation of China .
7) After a long time , he came back to .
8) In the animal world the strong while the weak die .
9) We are sorry that they are still a bitter today .
10) More attention should be paid to the people\'s standard .
答案：1. living 2. alive 3. lively 4. living 5. lively 6. lives 7. life 8.live 9. living , life 10. living
C. 單元重點詞組掃瞄
Lesson 33
1. What was the conference like ?
相當于：What did you think of the conference ? / How do you like the conference ? / What\'s your opinion of the conference ?
2. cause / do damage to 給……造成損失或者破壞
The earthquake caused great damage to the city .
3. be fit for sb to do 適合某人干……
This house is fit for us to live in .
4. do something about 對……采取措施
You ought to do something about your child\'s injury .
5. think of ways of doing 千方百計地干……
They think of ways of prevent factories from polluting this town .
(6) hear about / of 聽說
How did you hear about our products ? 你是怎么知道我們的產(chǎn)品的 /
I\'ve been hearing quite a lot about him lately . 最近，我們一直聽人提起他。
(7) pay special attention to 特別注意……
It\'s a good idea to pay special attention to keeping fit . 特別注意鍛煉身體是個好注意。
(8) have large families 有很多人口的家庭
Lesson 34
1. cause … to … 引起……
Pollution has caused much damage to our earth . The causes of damage are obvious . 污染已經(jīng)對我們的地球產(chǎn)生巨大的損害。損害的原因是不言而喻的。
2. have a large population 人口眾多
This city has a population of more than 1.3 million .
Many parts of the world once had large populations . 世界上許多地區(qū)曾經(jīng)人口眾多。
3. in the heart of 在 …… 的中心
Dunhuang in China is deep in the heart of the Gebi Desert .
中國的敦煌在戈壁灘的腹地。
That hotel stands in the very heart of Guangzhou .
4. fail to do sth 未能……
The main speaker failed to come because of bad weather .
5. limit the numbers of 限制……的數(shù)量
One suggested answer is for farmers to limit the numbers of their cattle . 有人提出的解決辦法是讓農(nóng)民限制他們飼養(yǎng)畜牧的頭數(shù)。
The numbers of cars in our city must be limited . 我市的汽車輛數(shù)必須加以限制。
注意區(qū)別：the numbers of ……的總數(shù)，the number of ……的數(shù)目
6. in place 在適當?shù)奈恢茫�在原來的地�?br>Nothing is in place after the earthquake .
I hope you\'ll keep the books in place .
Are all the engineers in their places ? 所有的工程師都就座了嗎 ？
7. wash down 被雨水等沖走
So when it rains , the soil is washed down the hills and into the river .
Great quantities of soil were washed down the hillside by the storm .
8. blow away 刮走，吹走
The wind blew away the clouds . 風吹散了烏云。
The wind blew away the clothes that were hanging on the line .
9. time and time again =time after time , time and again , again and again 多次，不斷地
Time and time again there are serious accidents that pollute the air .
The doctor told him time and time again to give up smoking .
10. a cloud of 一團……的
A cloud of radiation crossed the whole of Europe . 一團帶有輻射的塵埃穿越了整個歐洲。
11. as a result of … 由于……的結果
It\'s said that 125,000 people died in Russia as a result of illnesses caused bhy this accident .
12. hundreds of thousands of 成千上萬的
Hundreds of thousands of people were injured , many of the injured lost their sight .
Hundreds of thousands of people were listening to the speak in the square .
13. lose one\'s sight 傷失視力
The poor man lost his sight when he was 30 years old .
14. be present in / at 出現(xiàn)在6
Only 12 villagers were present last time .
15. pour into 大量流入
A crowd of football fans poured into the ground as soon as the gates were opened .
When I opened the window , bright sunlight poured into the room .
Lesson 35
1. five to ten million kinds 五百萬到一千萬
2. die out 消亡，消失，滅絕
Elephants would die out if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished . 如果允許人們隨心所欲地射殺大象，大象就會絕種。
Many old customs are gradually dying out .
The strong wind is dying out .
As is known to us all , many animals have already died out .
3. an average of 平均是……
An average of 13 people were killed or injured in the traffic accidents .
The new car factory will produce an average 200,000 cars each year .
The average age of the girls in our class is 22 .
4. play a part in 在……起作用。play an important part in 在……起重要作用。
Women are playing an important part in our socialst construction . 婦女在社會主義建設中正發(fā)揮著重要作用。
Electricity plays an important part / role in our daily life .
The part that women have played is great .
We must make the young play their parts to the full .
5. a cause of death 死亡原因
6. in danger 處于危險境地
You are in danger of being killed .
We are worried about the country , which is in danger of war .
The workers in danger must be rescued without delay . 必須立即挽救那些處于危險中的工人們。
注意：out of danger 脫離危險，擺脫危險。be dangerous 危險的。
7. three types of tiger living in China 生存在中國的三種老虎
8. a total of 總額，總量，總數(shù)有
A total of 160 people died in the earthquake .
This company has a total of 30 workers .
9. go on an organized trip to + 地點“去……團體旅行”
10. fill in 填寫
Please fill in the blanks here with your name and address .
His discovery filled in the gaps in the fields of science and technology .
11. be interested to do 干……很感興趣
12. be busy (in) doing 忙于干……
We are busy going over our lessons .
13. take photographs / photos / pictures + of 拍攝……的照片
14. to one\'s joy 使某人高興的是。to one\'s great joy =to the great joy of sb =much to one\'s great joy
To the great joy of my friends , I have won the first .
15. in good condition 完好無損，健康良好，保養(yǎng)得好
He has been in good condition .
How can we keep the water in good condition in our village ?
注意：out of condition 身體不適
I can\'t go swimming today . I\'m out of condition .
二、學海導航
【學法指要】
單元易錯用的熟詞釋疑
● POPULATION 能用復數(shù)嗎？
在 Lesson 34 課文第一段中有這樣一句：Many parts of the world , which once had large populations and produced plenty of crops , have become deserts . 這里的 population 為什么使用復數(shù)？
【釋疑】
◆ population 多用單數(shù)，指某國家或地區(qū)的人口。如果用復數(shù)，指世界不同地區(qū)的人口。例如：
Many parts of the world , which once had large populations and produced plenty of crops , have become deserts . 世界上許多地區(qū)曾經(jīng)人口眾多，五谷豐登，而今卻成了沙漠。
According to the latest census , China\'s population has increased . 根據(jù)最近的調(diào)查，中國的人口增加了。
◆ population 直接作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式指住在某地區(qū)的全體居民，為不可數(shù)名詞，但前面有 some , most 特別是分數(shù)或者百分數(shù)時，謂語動詞常用復數(shù)。例如：
The population in these villages has to get its water from wells . 住在這個村子里的人必須自井中汲水。
The population of the city rose by 20% . 這個城市的人口增長了 20 % 。
Most of the population in this city are workers . 這個城市大多數(shù)人是工人。
At present about 38% of the Chinese population smoke . 目前中國大約有 38% 的人吸煙，
In India , however , the population of tigers has increased , from 2,000 in 1972 to about 5,000 in 1989 .
然而，在印度，老虎的數(shù)量增加了 ， 1972 年只有2，000 只，1989年增加到了大約5，000 只。
In the south most of the population live on rice . 在南方，絕大多數(shù)人以大米為食。
◆ 問“人口多少”用 ：what 或者 how large 。不用 how many 和 how much 等詞。說人口多用 large或者 great , 說人口少用small 。例如：
?What\'s the population of China ? 中國的人口是多少 ？
?China has a large population . 中國人口眾多。
The population of Japan is smaller than that of US . 日本的人口比美國的少。（注意對比中的 that 不要省略）
The population of Beijing is larger / greater than that of Xi\'an . 北京的人口比西安的多。
Do you know what the population of Africa is ? =Do you know how large / great the population of Africa is ? 你知道非洲的人口是多少嗎 ？
That country has a small population . 那個國家人口稀少。
What\'s the population of the world ? 全世界有多少人口 ？
This village has a population of about 1,500 .
◆ 在表達某地有多少人口時可以用：
地點 + has a population of + 數(shù)詞 （+ people ）
The population of + 某地 + be + 數(shù)詞 。
地點 + with a population of + 數(shù)詞
那個國家有 5，000 萬人口。
China has a population of 1,2 billion . 中國有 12 億人口。
That country has a population of fifty million ( people ) .
The population of that country is fifty million .
The country is one with a population of fifty million people .
◆ 當 population 表示抽象意義時，不加冠詞。例如：
Since 1949 , the people\'s living standard has been raised , causing a big rise in population . 自從 1949 年以來，在中國，人民的生活水平得到了提高，導致人口有了很大增加。
● appear ，seem ，look “看來像”嗎 ？
appear , seem , look 看來很相似，均有“好象，看起來象”之意，在使用時應從以下幾方面：
一、含義上的差異
appear 是指根據(jù)事物的外表表象做出判斷的，但實質上并不一定如此；seem是表示說話人主觀上的判斷，暗含有一定的根據(jù)，往往接近事實的判斷；look是根據(jù)視覺印象而得出的判斷，實質上也可能如此。例如：
He has a small salary but he appears rich . 他工資很低卻顯得很富。(其實并非如此)
He seems rich . (I think he is rich .) 他看起來很富有。(根據(jù)個人的主觀判斷而推斷出)
He looks rich . 他很是富有。(從他花錢辦事的言行中可出感覺出)
二、用法上的差異
1. appear，look，seem 后均可帶名詞、形容語、to be 結構。
He appeared / seemed / looked an honest man . 看來他是一個誠實的人。
He appeared (to be) sad when he heard the bad news . 當他聽到這個壞消息時，似乎很悲傷。
注：在接 to be 結構時，to be常常被省略。例如：
The flowers seem (to be) more beautiful at this time . 此時，花兒好象更漂亮。
2. look 可用于進行時，而 seem , appear 一般不能。如：
You\'re looking quite a different person . 你現(xiàn)在的樣子完全是另一個人了。
3. appear 和 seem 之后可接動詞不定式的各種形式，而 look 之后除了能接to be 結構外，不接其它動詞不定式形式。
He appeared to be proud of himself . 他好象為自己而驕傲。
She doesn\'t seem to have been to Beijing . 她好象沒有去過北京。
He looks to be the best person for the job . 他看來是做這項工作最合適的人。
4. look , seem 能與介詞 like 構成習語，意思是“看上去象”，而 appear 卻不能。例如：
It seems like years since I last saw you . 自從上次見到你后，好象很久沒有見到你了。
The new building looks like a hospital . 這座新建筑物看起來象一座醫(yī)院。
5. seem , look 后均可接 as if , as though 引導的表語從句，若表示不能實現(xiàn)的事實，則用虛擬語氣，而 appear 則不能。例如：
It seemed / looked as if it was going to rain . 看起來天快要下雨了。
It seems as if he were to start at once . 看來好象他馬上就要動身。
6. appear 和seem 均可接 that 引導的從句，而 look 不能。
It seems / appears that the book is too difficult for us . 這本書好象對我們來說太難了。
It seems that John will win the race . 好象約翰能跑第一。
7. appear 和 seem 可用于there be 結構中，而 look 不能。如：There appeared / seemed nothing to be done . 大家似乎覺得沒有辦法了。
There appears to have been an accident . 好象出了一次事故。
● do with 與 deal with 用法辨析
do with 與 deal with 都可作“處置”講的。do with 常與連接代詞 what 連用，而 deal with 常與連接副詞 how 連用，如：
1 . I don\'t know how they deal with the problem . (=I don\'t know what they do with the problem . )我不知道他們?nèi)绾翁幚磉@個問題。
2 . He is easy to deal with . (=He is easy to do with . 這時“do”是不及物動詞)他是容易相處的人。這兩個詞組在使用時有細微的差別。一般地說，do with 表示“處置”、“忍受”、“相處”、“有關”等。如：
1 . They found a way to do with the elephant . 他們找到對付那頭大象的辦法了。
2 . We can\'t do with such carelessness . 我們不能容忍這種粗枝大葉的作風。
3 . We are difficult to do with the new comer . 我們很難與新來的那個人相處。
4 . I have nothing to do with him . 我跟他無任何關系。
deal with 意義很廣，常表示“對付”、“應付”、“處理”、“安排”、“論述”、“涉及”等。如：
1 . They could properly deal with all kinds of situations . 他能恰當?shù)貞�付各種局面。
2 . Deal with a man as he deals with you . 以其人之道，還治其人之身。
3 . This is a book dealing with Asian problems . 這是一本論述亞洲問題的書。
4 . They have learned to deal with various persons . 他們學會了和各種人打交道。
● more 的左鄰右舍
含 more 的短語形式五花八門，常令人混淆不清。下面把它分解為左鄰(即左邊加詞語)，右舍(右邊加詞語)和左右逢源(即左右兩邊加詞語)三種情況。
1. 左鄰
◇ all the more 越發(fā)，更加。如：
She loves him all the more for his poverty . 她因他的貧困反而越發(fā)愛他了。
◇ no more 不再，如：
I saw her no more after that . 那以后我不再見到她了。
◇ (not)…any more 再。如：
I shall not do that any more . 我再不做那種事了。
◇ or more 或者更多。如：
Ten people or more were killed in the accident . 在這次車禍中死了十個人或者更多。
◇ once more 再一次(=once again) 。 如：
Please say that word once more . 請把那個單詞再說一遍。
◇ many more 多得多的，常用于修飾復數(shù)名詞。如：
The first truck carries many more apples than the second one . 第一輛卡車運的蘋果比第二輛運的多得多。
◇ much more 多得多的，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；多得多(……得多)，修飾多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞的比較級。如：
There is much more water in this glass than in that one . 這個玻璃杯的水比那個玻璃杯的水多得多。
His illness was much more serious than we first thought . 他的病比我們最初想象的要嚴重得多。
◇ (and) what is more 而且，加之，常用作插入語。如：
Tom is a good husband to his wife and , what is more , a good father to his children . 湯姆是一個好丈夫，而且還是個好爸爸。
◇ the more…the more… 越 …… 越 …… 。如：
The more learned a man is , the more modest he usually is . 一個人越是有學問，就往往越是謙虛。
◇ the more…the less… 越…… 越不…… 。如：
The more you learn , the less you will feel you know . 你越學就越感到自己學識不夠。
2. 右舍
◇ more and more 越來越多的，修飾復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；越來越……，修飾多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞比較級。如：
More and more people are going abroad to study . 越來越多的人出國留學。
Beijing is getting more and more beautiful . 北京變得越來越美麗了。
◇ more or less 或多或少，差不多。如：
The crops will feel the effect of the drought more or less according to the quality of the soil . 作物按照土壤的性質，或多或少會受到旱災的影響。
◇ more than 多于，大于，不只是。如：
China Daily is more than a newspaper . 中國日報不只是一種報紙。
The TV set is made up of more than one hundred different parts . 電視機是由一百多個不同的部件組成的。
◇ more than one 不止一個 。 如：
More than one person made the suggestion . 不止一個人提出那個建議。
◇ more than once 不止一次。如：
I found him smoking and drinking more than once . 我不止一次地發(fā)現(xiàn)他抽煙、喝酒。
3. 左右逢源
◇ no more…than… 不是……如同……是……一樣(二者都不……)。如：
I am no more mad than you are . 你沒有瘋，我也沒有瘋。
◇ no more than 不過，僅僅。如：
We had walked no more than ten miles when night closed in again . 我們走了不過十英里，天就又黑了。
◇ not more than 不多于，至多。如：
There are not more than five people in the office . 辦公室里的人不超過五個。
◇ not more…than 不比……更…… 。如：
He is not more a statesman than a politician . 與其說他是個政治家，倒不如說他是個政客。
●話說 marry
1 . 表示“結婚”行為
marry 作形為動詞時要注意下面幾點：
1) 不可與“for + 一段時間”的完成時態(tài)連用。如：
誤：He has married for a year . 他結婚已經(jīng)一年。
正：He married (got married) a year ago .
正：It is a year since he married (got married) .
正：He has been married for a year .
2) 表示“同某人結婚”時不可與介詞 with 或 to 連用。但可用 be (get) married to sb . ，如：
誤：He married with (to) Mary last year . 他是去年同瑪麗結婚的。
正：He married Mary last year .
正：He got married to Mary last year .
3) 表示“嫁給某人或娶某人”要用 marry sb . ，如：
Mathild married Pier . 瑪?shù)贍柕录藿o了皮埃爾。
Who(m) did the handsome boy marry at last ? 那英俊小伙子最后娶了誰為妻呢 ?
2. 表示“結婚”狀態(tài)
marry 表示狀態(tài)時要注意兩點：
1) 作不及物動詞后面直接加副詞表示婚姻狀況。如：
Jean married very well . 珍妮喜結良緣。
All of their daughters married badly . 他們的女兒婚姻都很不幸。
2) 用 be married 表示婚姻狀況。如：
?Are you married ? 你結婚了嗎 ?
?Yes , I am . 是的，結婚了。
How long have you been married ? 你結婚多久了 ?
3. 表示“嫁出”、“證婚”
marry 還有兩個特殊意義，其主語與賓語的關系不是婚姻關系。要注意：
1) marry sb . 表示“嫁出……或使娶……”，后可接 to sb . ，如：
The greedy couple married their daughter to a cruel-hearted millionaire . 那對貪婪的夫婦把他們的女兒嫁給了一個狠心的百分富翁。
They decided to marry off all their daughters and sons before going abroad . 他們決定讓他們所有的兒女都成了家之后再出國。
2) marry sb . 表示“為某人證婚”。如：
Will you marry me and my husband ? 你愿意為我和我丈夫證婚嗎 ?
● entire、whole、total、complete 辨析
entire、whole、total、complete 這組詞作為形容詞都是指“全部的，完整的”，即絲毫沒有失去、損壞或省略的(事物) 。
entire 與 whole 在許多情況下可以通用。例如：
The people\'s government has the support of the entire(whole) population . 人民政府得到全民的支持。
whole 常用來強調(diào)某事物的完整性，即沒有任何部分被忽略或舍去叮當于 every part. 在日常語言中，whole 遠比 entire 用得多。例如：
One day the police even used their sticks during a peaceful march by blacks , and this was seen across the whole country on TV . (也可用 entire) 有一天，黑人在進行和平進軍的時候，警察使用了警棍，這個情景全國的電視上都看到了。
entire 可以修飾抽象名詞，whole 則不能。如：
This would destroy the entire peace of the Middle East .
這將會破壞整個中東和平。
total 與上面兩詞的主要不同在于它有較強烈的計算意味，強調(diào)總量，意為“全部的”，“總計的”，實際上就是對現(xiàn)存的 whole 的大小作精確的估計。如：
By the end of the year , the total money collected had come to over 92 million dollars , all of which were sent to Africa .
到年底為止，籌集到的全部款項達到9200多萬美元。所有這些錢全部送往非洲了。
complete 強調(diào)所有需要的或正確的部分都存在。
相比之下，它的意思是完成了的或完善的，指所有指標的兌現(xiàn)或目的的實現(xiàn)。如：
The work is now complete ; we can have a holiday .
工作現(xiàn)在完成了；我們可以去度假了。
The total number of tourists chosen so far is forty-eight , but the tourist party is not yet complete .
到目前為止挑選的旅游者的總數(shù)是48人，可是這旅游團還未滿員。
綜上所述，除 whole 以外，當描寫毫無例外和毫無保留的包羅全體的抽象概念時，其他三詞都可換用。如：
I have entire (or total or complete) control of the project .
我對這項工程有完全的控制權。
【妙文賞析】
What\'s the main purpose of James AN Coaching College ?
Quite simply , we are here to help students with:
● H.S.C. Exams : Years 11 and 12
● Selective School Test : Year 5 to year 10
● Independent School Scholarship Exams : Year 6
● Opportunity Class Test : Years 3 and 4
● School Certificate Test : Year 10
The college provides expert tuition for students wishing to gain the highest possible marks in all examinations from Year 1 to Year 12 .
We also help students :
● excel in all subjects
● have a head start
● get motivated to succeed in their studies “EDUCATION =SUCCESS”
● increase their self-confidence
Through face-to-face teaching students are taught to perform well under examination conditions .
THE TEACHERS
● Highly qualified teachers from Selective Schools and Independent Schools .
● James AN : Principal and coauther of “Maths Tests for Selective Schools and Scholarship examinations”and other books
● Other textbook authors
Our teachers set high goals for themselves as well as for their students .
COURSES AND SUBJECTS
H.S.C. COURSE / YEAR 11 & 12
Subjects : Maths 2, 3, 4, Units: English , Physics , Chemistry
SCHOOL CERTIFICATE COURSE / YEAR 9 & 10
Subjects : English , Maths , Science
JUNIOR HIGH COURSE ; YEAR 7 & 8
Subjects : English , Maths ,Science
SELECTIVE SCHOOL / SCHOLARSHIP COURSE ; YEAR 5 & 6
Subjects : English , Maths , General Ability , Creative Writing
OPPORTUNITY CLASS ( O.C. ) COURSE;
YEAR 3 & 4
Subjects : English , Maths , General Ability
YEARS 1& 2
Sbujects : Maths , English
HOLIDAY REVISION COURSE
Special holiday revision courses are offered during each vacation .
WHO CAN BENEFIT FROM JAMES AN COACHING COLLEGE ?
Students of all abilities !
We have helped thousands of students achieve results beyond their wiidest dreams in the H.S.C. and Selective School / Scholarship Tests .
We\'d love to do the same for you . All serious students will excel in their studies .
請同學們以閱讀的特定信息為依據(jù)，從下列各題的A、B、C、D 中選出最佳答案。
1. If you are a student of year 7 , what subjects can you take ?
A. English , Maths , Science and Creative Writing
B. Maths and Physics
C. Maths , English , Physics and Chemistry
D. English , Maths and Science
2. The test for students of year 12 is .
A. H.S.C. Exams
B. Opportunity Class Test
C. Independent School Scholarship Exams
D. School Certificate Test
3. Students are taught to perform well under examination conditions through teaching .
A. special holiday revision courses B. face-to-face
C. self-confidence D. all subjects
4. can benefit from James An Coaching College .
A. Students of all abilities
B. Thousands of students
C. Students from European countries
D. Students who want to go abroad
【賞析】此題要求閱讀者快速閱讀，找出文章中直接提供的特定細節(jié)。一般說來，這類題是對文章表層發(fā)問的客觀題，答案均可以在文章中找到。不過，這些問題的表達常常不用文章中的原話，而是使用同義的詞語來進行設問。做題時首先要看清問題，然后快速掃描文章中的相應部分，找出與答題有關的關鍵詞，在細讀一遍，從而確定正確答案。
1. 選 D。抓住問題中的關鍵詞 year 7 , 立即可知它屬于COURSES AND SUBJECTS 部分 JUNIOR HIGH COURSE , 從中可直接找出答案。
2. 選 A。可以從What is the main purpose of James An Coaching College 中直接找到答案。
3. 選B。文章中有這樣一句是解題的依據(jù)：Through face-to-face teaching students are taught to perform well under examination conditions 。
4. 選A。從 COURSES AND SUBJECTS 部分WHO CAN BENEFIT FROM JAMES AN COACHING COLLEGE ？中可以直接找到答案。
【思維體操】

● Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison was a giant among inventors . He patented (獲專利權) over 1 ,000 inventions , including . the record player , moving picture and the first practical electric light . Largely home taught , Edison only went to school for three months. But at 17 he invented the telegraph system (系統(tǒng)) . This allowed four dot - dash messages to be sent down a wire at the same time , speeding up telegraph service greatly .
Though he made great achievements , he still worked up to 20 hours a day . In 1879 , he discovered that if electric current (電流) is passed through a thin thread of carbon (碳) in a glass vacuum (真空) , it becomes white hot , giving off a brilliant light . Then , for use of this electric light , he developed a complete electrical distribution system (配電系統(tǒng)) . In 1880 , he formed the Edison Electric Light Company . In 1882 , he built the Pearl Street Plant , and New York became the first city lit by electricity .
1 . According to the passage , which of the following is true ?
A . Of all the inventors , Edison patented the most inventions .
B . He invented 1 , 000 things except the record player .
C . He invented moving pictures at the age of 17 .
D . He made greater achievements than any other scientists in the world .
2 . Edison received his schooling ____ .
A . mainly from school B . mainly from his teachers
C . largely from his parents D . largely from his work
3 . His invention of the telegraph system made the telegraph services ____ .
A . much easier B . more expensive
C . more difficult D . much quicker
4 . His discovery in 1879 led to ____ .
A . electric current through a thin thread
B . a bright light seen in a glass vacuum
C . the invention of his first practical electric light
D . the invention of electricity
5 . Before 1882 , _____ .
A . the world had been lit by electricity
B . New York had been already lit by electricity
C . no cities in the world had been lit by electricity
D . no cities except New York had been lit by electricity
● Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison was awarded (授予) more patents on inventions than any other Americans . When he died in 1931 , Americans wondered hos they could best show their respect for him .
One suggestion was the nation observe a minute or two of total blackout (斷電) . All electric power would be shut off in homes , streets and factories . Perhaps this suggested plan made Americans realize fully what Edison and his inventions meant to them . Electric power was too important to the country . Shutting it off for even a short time would have led to troubles . So a blackout was actually impossible .
On the day of Edison\'s Funeral (葬禮) , many people silently put out some of their lights . In this way , they honoured the man who had done more than anyone else to put the great force of electricity at his countrymen\'s fingertips .
6 . This passage tells us that Thomas Edison ____ .
A . was the only important American inventor
B . received the first American patent
C . received the most patents in the U . S . A .
D . was the first American inventor
7 . People decided to honour Edison when ____ .
A . he made the first electric light
B . electric power came into use
C . the country realized how important electric power was
D . he died in 1931
8 . The suggested plan was to _____ .
A . turn off the lights everywhere
B . shut off all electricity for a short time
C . make homes , schools and factories all dark
D . observe a few minutes of total silence
9 . The plan was never carried out because ____ .
A . electric power was of great importance to the country for every minute
B . it meant honouring only one of Edison\'s inventions
C . the plan itself was difficult to carry out
D . some Americans would not get themselves into trouble
10 . This passage was probably written to ____ .
A . tell people about Edison\'s inventions
B . explain what electricity was
C . prove that people wished to honour Edison
D . show that a great man Edison was
● Thomas Jefferson
In 1801 , Thomas Jefferson became president of the United States , which then included sixteen states that lay east of the Mississippi River . France controlled the large area in the centre of the continent , which was known as the Louisiana Territory (領土) , and the land west of the Rocky Mountains was primarily under Spanish control . Control of the Northwest was disputed (爭議) by England , Russia , Spain , and the United States . Jefferson , a leader with foresight (遠見卓識) , believed that it would do good to the United States to own the rich land . In addition , the port cities at the mouth of the Mississippi River were controlled by France . Jefferson regarded this as possible danger to the U . S . economy (經(jīng)濟) and to national safety , so he went to Napoleon with an offer to buy the land .
Napoleon agreed to sell the land for �� 15 million , which ended up just a few cents an acre (英畝) . He decided to give up his holdings in America , which he had just won from Spain , so that he could raise money to conquer all of Europe .
11 . Thomas Jefferson bought the land for ____ reasons .
A . 1 B . 2 C . 3 D . 4
12 . From the passage we know that the Louisiana Territory _____ .
A . was under Spanish control
B . was the land east of the Mississippi River
C . lay west of the Rocky Mountains
D . formed the western part of the Mississippi valley
13 . What is untrue according to the passage ?
A . The land was rich .
B . The land was first controlled by Spain .
C . Thomas Jefferson was the President of the 18th century .
D . Napoleon sold the land very cheaply .
14 . Why did Napoleon agree to sell the land ?
A . Because the land was very poor .
B . Because it was an act of friendship .
C . Because he wanted to get America\'s support .
D . Because he had the ambition (野心) for Europe .
15 . What is the title for the passage ?
A . Thomas Jefferson\'s Foresight
B . The Form of the U . S . A .
C . The Louisiana Purchase (購買)
D . The Louisiana Territory
● Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence and was the third President of the United States . He was also a great architect (建筑師) . Monticello is the home that Thomas Jefferson built . Monticello means “l(fā)ittle mountain” in Italian . Jefferson started building the mansion (宅第) on a hill near Charlotteville, Virginia , in 1770 . It is considered one of the best examples of the American classic (古典) revival (復興) style of architecture .
The building materials ?stone , brick , lumber , and nails were all prepared on the land where Monticello stands . Jefferson moved into the home with his bride (新娘) in 1772 and continued on the house for many years . Monticello was his home for fifty - six years .
The mansion was later bought by Uriah Levy and given to the people of the United States as a gift . Today , Monticello is a national shrine (圣地) that is open to the public .
16 . Jefferson was the author of ____ .
A . many books on architecture
B . the Consitution (憲法)
C . the American Classic Revival
D . the Declaration of Independence
17 . Monticello was Jefferson\'s home for ____ .
A . his whole life
B . 56 years
C . 65 years
D . summer months only
18 . Jefferson was ____ .
A . the first president of the U . S .A
B. an Italian president
C . the 3rd American president
D . the president of Virginia
19 . Jefferson moved into Monticello in ____ .
A . 1756 B . 1770 C . 1772 D . 1776
20 . Monticello was given as a gift to the American people by ____ .
A . the public B . Thomas Jefferson
C . Uriah Levy D . a national shrine
答案：1－5 ACDCC 6－10 CDBAD 11－15 BDCDC 16－20 DBCCC
三、智能顯示
【心中有數(shù)】
過去分詞作定語和表語的測試要點
1. 過去分詞作定語，多表示已經(jīng)完成的動作。
The school built last year was flooded this summer . 去年建的那所學校今年夏天被洪水淹了。
I hope you will pay attention to the marked signs . 我希望你要注意那些有標記的牌子。
Her job is to take care of the wounded soldiers . 她的工作是照料那些受傷的戰(zhàn)士。
2. 單個的過去分詞作定語常放在所修飾的名詞的前面。如：
boiled water 開水。a frozen river 一條凍結著的河。a trained nurse 一名訓練有素的護士。an experienced villager 一位經(jīng)驗豐富的村民。a used car 舊車。melted iron 熔化了的鐵。mended clothes 補好的衣服。a well-written article 一篇寫得不錯的文章。man-made satellite 人造衛(wèi)星。a retired worker 一名退休工人。a three-legged table 一張三條腿的桌子。a