高二英語Unit10.Frightening nature
t: yes, quite right? please open your books at page 78. look at ex. 2. read the sentences and fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the words.
step 2: grammar - ellipsis
t: look at the 2 sentences on the blackboard.
upon arrival, my uncle hugged pompy and (?) tried to give him courage.
then came a smell of sulphur, and then (?) flames.
read them and decide which words were left out at each place of the question marks.
s: i think in the 1st sentence the subject “he or my uncle” was left out.
s: in the 2nd sentence i think “came” should be at the place of the question mark.
t: you are right. in modern english there is a tendency to omit or leave out some words in a sentence for the sake of conciseness. the omission is called “ellipsis”, and a sentence containing such an elliptical sentence. a word or words in a sentence can be omitted only on condition that the omission would not cause the sentence to be understood in more than one way to be unclear meaning or wrong. we must keep in mind that we should not omit words necessary for clearness. are you clear about that? now i’d like to some more about “ellipsis”.
1. 簡單句中的省略
1) 省略主語 祈使句中主語通常省略；其它省略主語多限于少數現成的說法。
(1) (i) thank you for your help.
(2) (i) see you tomorrow.
(3) (it) doesn’t matter.
(4) (i) beg your pardon.
2) 省略主謂或主謂語的一部分
(1) (there is) no smoking .
(2) (is there) anything wrong ?
(3) (will you) have a smoke ?
(4) what/how (do you think) about a cup of tea ?
(5) why (do you) not say hello to him ?
3) 省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留to，但如果該賓語是動詞be或完成時態，則須在之后加上be或have:
(1) –are you going there? --yes, i’d like to (go there).
(2) he didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).
(3) –are you an engineer? --no, but i want to be.
(4) –he hasn’t finished the task yet. --well, he ought to have.
4) 省略表語
(1) –are you thirsty? --yes, i am (thirsty).
(2) his brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister (lazy).
5) 同時省略幾個成分
(1) let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.
(2) –-have you finished your work ?
---(i have) not (finished my work) yet.
2. 主從復合句中的省略
1) 主句中有一些乘法被省略
(1) ( i’m ) sorry to hear you are ill.
(2) ( it’s a ) pity that he missed such a good chance.
2) 主句中有一些乘法被省略
(1) –is he coming back tonight? --i think so.
(2) –she must be busy now? --if so, she can’t go with us.