Life in the future（Period 5 Grammar）

1)分詞作狀語分詞在句子中作狀語, 可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨等。分詞作狀語時(shí), 它的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。作狀語的分詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。例如:
hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.��
using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.��
the students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.��
accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.��
given better attention, the plants could grow better.��
he looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother’s illness.��
分詞在句子中作狀語, 使用何種分詞, 要取決于分詞與句子主語的關(guān)系: 主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞, 動(dòng)賓或被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過去分詞。例如: ��
1.__________the earth to be flat, many feared that columbus would fall off the edge.(cet-4 1996, 6)
a.having believed　
b.believing　
c.believed　
d.being believed��
本句意思為: 相信地球是平的, 許多人擔(dān)心哥倫布會(huì)從邊上掉下去。許多人與相信之間是主謂關(guān)系, 及分詞與主語之間為主謂關(guān)系。因此, 應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞, 答案為b。��
2.no matter how frequently __________, the works of beethoven always attract large audiences.(cet-4 1995, 6)
a.performing
b.performed��
c.to be performed
d.being performed��
本句中貝多芬的作品被反復(fù)表演, 可見分詞與句子的主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 應(yīng)該用過去分詞, 故答案為b。��
3.__________as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.(cet-4 1996, 1)��
a.being published
b.published
c.publishing
d.to be published��
本句中as引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句, 意思為: 他的作品盡管在被這樣的時(shí)候出版, 還是引起了關(guān)注, 可見分詞與句子的主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 應(yīng)該用過去分詞, 故答案為b。
2)“while ( when, once, until, if, though等連詞)＋分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作狀語時(shí), 有時(shí)可以在分詞前加while, when, once, although, until, if等連詞。例如: ��
when leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
while waiting for the train, i had a long talk with my sister about her work.��
once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.��
although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam.��
3)分詞作定語分詞作定語時(shí), 單個(gè)的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前, 分詞短語一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面�，F(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是發(fā)出該動(dòng)作的名詞(即與名詞有主謂關(guān)系), 過去分詞修飾承受該動(dòng)作的名詞(即與名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)。例如:
1.we will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.��
2.this is really an exhausting day to all of us!��
3.we can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.��
4.after a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, i forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.��