Life in the future(Period 5 Grammar)
5.more and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.
6.the young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin jack.
7.as early as 1649 ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town__________50 households or more.(cet-4 1998, 1)
a.having
b.to have
c.to have had
d.having had
后面由分詞作定語, 而且town本身有50或以上人家, 故town與分詞間為主謂關系, 應該用現在分詞, 答案為a。
4)分詞作賓語補足語現在分詞在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官動詞和look at, listen to等短語動詞以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役動詞后面與名詞或代詞構成復合賓語, 作賓語補語的成分。例如:
on the top of the hill, we could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village.
the little boy sat beside the railway line and watched the trains roaring by.
we should not leave him wondering what he should do.
i am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
i caught him dozing off in class.
過去分詞可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge動詞等后面作賓語補足語。例如:
after my encounter with her, i found myself greatly shaken.you should keep her informed of what is going on here.
the teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination.
在動詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice, perceive, observe, listen to, look at后既可用現在分詞作補語, 也可用不定式作補語。用現在分詞表示動作正在進行, 用不定式表示的動作的全過程已經完成。例如:
i saw mr.white get off a bus.
i saw mr.white looking into a shop window.
—do you hear someone knocking at the door?
—yes, i did.i heard him knock three times.
5)分詞作表語分詞作表語通常看作形容詞來用。現在分詞表示主語的性質, 而且主語多為物; 過去分詞表示主語的感受或狀態, 主語多為人。例如:
the film“pearl harbor”is really exciting.i am excited about it.
his response to the question was quite disappointing.i felt disappointed at his response.
具副詞功能的過去分詞短語
和現在分詞及短語一樣, 過去分詞(past participles)或過去分詞短語(past participial phrases)也可以充當副詞, 修飾謂語動詞。
過去分詞短語可以表達下列四種意思:
(一)方法或活動方式, 如:
he walked up and down, lost in thought.
i sat before the desk until after mid-night, absorbed in writing.
surrounded by a host of fans, the film star left the airport excitedly.
(二)原因, 如:
greatly disappointed, some staff decided to leave the place.